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East, Michael
Michael East was an English composer, especially known for his madrigals. (He was once thought to be a son of the......
Ebert, Carl
Carl Ebert was a German-born opera director who, as artistic director and producer of the Glyndebourne Festival......
Egk, Werner
Werner Egk was a German composer primarily of music for the theatre. Egk studied composition with Carl Orff in......
Eine kleine Nachtmusik
Eine kleine Nachtmusik, serenade for two violins, viola, cello, and double bass by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, admired......
Einem, Gottfried von
Gottfried von Einem was an Austrian composer whose operas and orchestral works combine late-19th-century Romanticism......
Einstein, Alfred
Alfred Einstein was an eminent German-American musicologist and critic. Einstein was born into a family of scholars......
Elgar, Sir Edward
Sir Edward Elgar was an English composer whose works in the orchestral idiom of late 19th-century Romanticism—characterized......
elisir d’amore, L’
L’elisir d’amore, comic opera in two acts by the Italian composer Gaetano Donizetti (Italian libretto by Felice......
Elvira Madigan
Elvira Madigan, three-movement concerto for piano and orchestra by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, the best known of his......
Emperor Concerto
Emperor Concerto, piano concerto by Ludwig van Beethoven known for its grandeur, bold melodies, and heroic spirit.......
Emperor Quartet
Emperor Quartet, string quartet in four movements by Austrian composer Joseph Haydn that provided the melody for......
empfindsamer Stil
empfindsamer Stil, important movement occurring in northern German instrumental music during the mid-18th century......
Enesco, George
George Enesco was a Romanian violinist and composer, known for his interpretations of Bach and his eclectic compositions.......
Erkel, Ferenc
Ferenc Erkel was the founding father of Hungary’s national opera in the 19th century and composer of the “Hymnusz,”......
Eroica Symphony
Eroica Symphony, symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven, known as the Eroica Symphony for its supposed heroic nature.......
Escher, Rudolf
Rudolf Escher was a Dutch composer and music theoretician especially noted for his chamber works. Escher studied......
Estancia
Estancia, orchestral suite and one-act ballet by Argentine composer Alberto Ginastera that, through its references......
Evans, Sir Geraint
Sir Geraint Evans was a Welsh opera singer, one of Britain’s leading operatic baritones, who was known for his......
Ewald, Johannes
Johannes Ewald was one of Denmark’s greatest lyric poets and the first to use themes from early Scandinavian myths......
Expressionism
Expressionism, artistic style in which the artist seeks to depict not objective reality but rather the subjective......
Exsultate, Jubilate, K 165
Exsultate, Jubilate, K 165, three-movement motet (short sacred composition for voice sung with or without an orchestra)......
Faesi, Robert
Robert Faesi was a Swiss poet, dramatist, short-story writer, and literary critic, noted for his trilogy of novels......
Falla, Manuel de
Manuel de Falla was the most distinguished Spanish composer of the early 20th century. In his music, he achieved......
Farinelli
Farinelli was a celebrated Italian castrato singer of the 18th century and one of the greatest singers in the history......
Farnaby, Giles
Giles Farnaby was an English composer of virginal music and madrigals who ranks with the greatest keyboard composers......
Farrar, Geraldine
Geraldine Farrar was an American soprano, known for her beauty and dramatic talent and the intimate timbre of her......
Farrell, Eileen
Eileen Farrell was an American soprano who achieved success in both operatic and popular music. Farrell’s parents......
Fauré, Gabriel
Gabriel Fauré was a composer whose refined and gentle music influenced the course of modern French music. Fauré’s......
Faust
Faust, opera in five (or sometimes four) acts by French composer Charles Gounod (French libretto by Jules Barbier......
Favart, Charles-Simon
Charles-Simon Favart was a French dramatist and theatre director who was one of the creators of the opéra comique.......
Feldman, Morton
Morton Feldman was an American avant-garde composer associated with John Cage. Feldman studied composition with......
Fernández, Lucas
Lucas Fernández was a Spanish dramatist and musician, whose plays are notable for their effective dialogue, simple......
Ferrabosco, Alfonso, I
Alfonso Ferrabosco, I was an Italian composer known for his madrigals, motets, and lute music. The son of a singer......
Ferrier, Kathleen
Kathleen Ferrier was a contralto who was one of the most widely beloved British singers of her day. She won a national......
Fiedler, Arthur
Arthur Fiedler was an American conductor who was maestro of the Boston Pops Orchestra for 50 seasons and the best-selling......
Field, John
John Field was an Irish pianist and composer, whose nocturnes for piano were among models used by Chopin. Field......
Fierstein, Harvey
Harvey Fierstein is an American comedian, author, and playwright who was best known as the author of The Torch......
Fischer, Ludwig
Ludwig Fischer was a German operatic bass, famed for his vocal range of two and a half octaves. Although originally......
Fischer-Dieskau, Dietrich
Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau was a German operatic baritone and preeminent singer of lieder, distinguished for his......
Flagstad, Kirsten
Kirsten Flagstad was the greatest Wagnerian soprano of the mid-20th century. Flagstad came from a family of professional......
Fledermaus, Die
Die Fledermaus, operetta by the Austrian composer Johann Strauss the Younger (German libretto by Carl [or Karl]......
Fleming, Renée
Renée Fleming is an American soprano noted for the beauty and richness of her voice and for the thought and sensitivity......
Florencia en el Amazonas
Florencia en el Amazonas, opera in two acts by Daniel Catán with a Spanish libretto by Marcela Fuentes-Berain and......
Flotow, Friedrich, Freiherr von
Friedrich von Flotow was a German composer, active mainly in France, who was best known for his opera Martha (1847).......
Flórez, Juan Diego
Juan Diego Flórez is a Peruvian opera singer, widely acclaimed for his command of the high tenor range. Flórez,......
Fontenelle, Bernard Le Bovier, sieur de
Bernard Le Bovier, sieur de Fontenelle was a French scientist and man of letters, described by Voltaire as the......
Fortner, Wolfgang
Wolfgang Fortner was a progressive composer and influential music teacher in Germany. Fortner studied music and......
Foss, Lukas
Lukas Foss was a German-born U.S. composer, pianist, and conductor, widely recognized for his experiments with......
Four Saints in Three Acts
Four Saints in Three Acts, opera consisting of a prologue and four acts, with libretto by Gertrude Stein and music......
Four Seasons, The
The Four Seasons, group of four violin concerti by Italian composer Antonio Vivaldi, each of which gives a musical......
Fox, Carol
Carol Fox was an American opera lover who cofounded the Lyric Theatre of Chicago (1954; now Lyric Opera of Chicago)......
Fox, Della May
Della May Fox was an actress and singer whose professional ability and childlike persona earned her great popularity......
France
France, country of northwestern Europe. Historically and culturally among the most important nations in the Western......
Franck, César
César Franck was a Belgian-French Romantic composer and organist who was the chief figure in a movement to give......
Franco-Netherlandish school
Franco-Netherlandish school, designation for several generations of major northern composers, who from about 1440......
Françaix, Jean
Jean Françaix was a French composer and pianist whose music in a light neoclassical style displays the wit and......
Frauenliebe und-leben
Frauenliebe und -leben, song cycle by Robert Schumann, written in 1840, with text by the French-born German poet......
Freeman, Harry Lawrence
Harry Lawrence Freeman was a pioneering African American composer and librettist especially known for his operas.......
Freischütz, Der
Der Freischütz, Romantic opera in three acts by Carl Maria von Weber that is widely considered one of the first......
Frescobaldi, Girolamo
Girolamo Frescobaldi was an Italian organist and one of the first great masters of organ composition. He strongly......
Friml, Rudolf
Rudolf Friml was an American composer of operettas. Showing strong European musical influences, his work suggested......
Froberger, Johann Jakob
Johann Jakob Froberger was a German composer, organist, and harpsichordist whose keyboard compositions are generally......
fugue
fugue, in music, a compositional procedure characterized by the systematic imitation of a principal theme (called......
Furtwängler, Wilhelm
Wilhelm Furtwängler was a German conductor, one of the great exponents of Romantic music. Known for his passionate,......
Fux, Johann Joseph
Johann Joseph Fux was an Austrian composer, one of the most successful of his time, whose theoretical work on counterpoint,......
Fétis, François-Joseph
François-Joseph Fétis was a prolific scholar and pioneer scientific investigator of music history and theory. He......
Gabrieli, Andrea
Andrea Gabrieli was an Italian Renaissance composer and organist, known for his madrigals and his large-scale choral......
Gabrieli, Giovanni
Giovanni Gabrieli was an Italian Renaissance composer, organist, and teacher, celebrated for his sacred music,......
Gabrilowitsch, Ossip
Ossip Gabrilowitsch was a Russian-born American pianist noted for the elegance and subtlety of his playing. After......
Gade, Niels
Niels Gade was a Danish composer who founded the Romantic nationalist school in Danish music. Gade studied violin......
Gaelic Symphony
Gaelic Symphony, symphony by American composer Amy Beach, premiered October 30, 1896, in Boston. It was the first......
Gagliano, Marco da
Marco da Gagliano was one of the earliest composers of Italian opera. Gagliano worked in Florence as chapelmaster......
Galilei, Vincenzo
Vincenzo Galilei was the father of the astronomer Galileo and a leader of the Florentine Camerata, a group of musical......
Galli-Curci, Amelita
Amelita Galli-Curci was an Italian-born American singer, one of the outstanding operatic sopranos of her time.......
Galuppi, Baldassare
Baldassare Galuppi was an Italian composer whose comic operas won him the title “father of the opera buffa.” His......
gamelan
gamelan, the indigenous orchestra type of the islands of Java and Bali, in Indonesia, consisting largely of several......
Ganz, Rudolph
Rudolph Ganz was a Swiss-born pianist, conductor, and composer who introduced works by contemporary composers such......
García, Manuel del Popolo
Manuel del Popolo García was a Spanish tenor and composer, one of the finest singers of his time. At age 17 García......
Garden, Mary
Mary Garden was a soprano famous for her vivid operatic portrayals. She was noted for her acting as well as her......
Gaultier, Denis
Denis Gaultier was a celebrated lute virtuoso whose style influenced the French school of harpsichord music. Gaultier......
Geminiani, Francesco
Francesco Geminiani was an Italian composer, violinist, teacher, writer on musical performance, and a leading figure......
Gergiev, Valery
Valery Gergiev is a Russian conductor, known for his charismatic stage presence and passionate performances, who......
German, Sir Edward
Sir Edward German was a popular composer of light operas whose music was noted for its lyric quality and distinctly......
Gershwin, George
George Gershwin was one of the most significant and popular American composers of all time. He wrote primarily......
Gershwin, Ira
Ira Gershwin was an American lyricist who collaborated with his younger brother, George Gershwin, on more than......
Gesualdo, Carlo, principe di Venosa, conte di Conza
Carlo Gesualdo, principe di Venosa, conte di Conza was an Italian composer and lutenist. Until the late 20th century......
gharana
gharana, in Hindustani music of India, a community of performers who share a distinctive musical style that traces......
Gheorghiu, Angela
Angela Gheorghiu is a Romanian operatic lyric soprano noted for her powerful voice and commanding stage presence.......
Gheyn, Matthias van den
Matthias van den Gheyn was a Flemish organist, composer, and an outstanding virtuoso of the carillon, particularly......
Gianni Schicchi
Gianni Schicchi, comic opera in one act by Italian composer Giacomo Puccini that premiered at New York City’s Metropolitan......
Giardini, Felice
Felice Giardini was an Italian violinist and composer who influenced the music of 18th-century England. Giardini......
Gibbons, Orlando
Orlando Gibbons was an organist and composer, one of the last great figures of the English polyphonic school. Gibbons......
Gigli, Beniamino
Beniamino Gigli was one of the greatest Italian operatic tenors of the first quarter of the 20th century. Gigli......
Gilbert, Alan
Alan Gilbert is an American conductor who is known for programming contemporary music along with the traditional......
Gilbert, W.S.
W.S. Gilbert was an English playwright and humorist best known for his collaboration with Arthur Sullivan in comic......
Gillot, Claude
Claude Gillot was a French painter, engraver, and theatrical designer best known as the master of the great painter......
Ginastera, Alberto
Alberto Ginastera was a leading 20th-century Latin-American composer, known for his use of local and national musical......
Giordano, Umberto
Umberto Giordano was an Italian opera composer in the verismo, or “realist,” style, known for his opera Andrea......
Giulini, Carlo Maria
Carlo Maria Giulini was an Italian conductor esteemed for his skills in directing both grand opera and symphony......

Music, Classical Encyclopedia Articles By Title