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123Movies
123Movies, defunct movie and television show streaming website that enabled users to watch and download media for......
20th Century Studios
20th Century Studios, major American film studio formed in 1935 by the merger of Twentieth Century Pictures and......
3M Company
3M Company, diversified American corporation manufacturing a wide range of products, including abrasives, adhesive......
7-Eleven
7-Eleven is a retailer that traces its origin to 1927 and operates more than 60,000 convenience stores, mostly......
Abercrombie & Fitch
Abercrombie & Fitch, American clothing retailer marketing casual wear to preteens, teens, and young adults. Headquarters......
ABN AMRO Holding NV
ABN AMRO Holding NV, holding company of the Dutch bank ABN AMRO Bank NV. Headquarters are in Amsterdam. Its origins......
absolute advantage
absolute advantage, economic concept that is used to refer to a party’s superior production capability. Specifically,......
acceptance
acceptance, short-term credit instrument consisting of a written order requiring a buyer to pay a specified sum......
account payable
account payable, any amount owed by a company as the result of a purchase of goods or services from another company......
account receivable
account receivable, any amount owed to a business by a customer as a result of a purchase of goods or services......
Activision Blizzard, Inc.
Activision Blizzard is an American developer and manufacturer of electronic games. The company was formed in 2008......
actuary
actuary, one who calculates insurance risks and premiums. Actuaries compute the probability of the occurrence of......
ad valorem tax
ad valorem tax, any tax imposed on the basis of the monetary value of the taxed item. Literally the term means......
Adair v. United States
Adair v. United States, case in which on Jan. 27, 1908, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld “yellow dog” contracts forbidding......
adaptive management
adaptive management, iterative approach by which resource managers work toward ecological restoration goals while......
Adidas
Adidas (styled as “adidas” since 1949) is a prominent German manufacturer of athletic shoes and apparel, identified......
Adobe Inc.
Adobe Inc., American developer of printing, publishing, and graphics software. Adobe was instrumental in the creation......
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD), global company that specializes in manufacturing semiconductor devices used......
advertisement
advertisement, a public announcement—generally print, audio, or video—made to promote a commodity, service, or......
advertising
advertising, the techniques and practices used to bring products, services, opinions, or causes to public notice......
AEG AG
AEG AG, former German electronics and electrical-equipment company. As one of Germany’s leading industrial companies......
Aer Lingus
Aer Lingus, Irish international air carrier that originated as the national airline of Ireland and resulted from......
Aeroflot
Aeroflot, Russian airline that was formerly the national airline of the Soviet Union. The Soviet state airline......
AFL–CIO
AFL–CIO, American federation of autonomous labour unions formed in 1955 by the merger of the AFL (founded 1886),......
African Development Bank
African Development Bank (ADB), African organization established in 1964, operational beginning in 1966, and dedicated......
African Trade Union Unity, Organization of
Organization of African Trade Union Unity (OATUU), labour organization founded in 1973 at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,......
agency shop
agency shop, place of employment where union members pay union dues and other workers pay service fees to the union......
Agfa-Gevaert NV
Agfa-Gevaert NV, Belgian corporate group established in 1964 in the merger of Agfa AG of Leverkusen, West Germany,......
agribusiness
agribusiness, agriculture regarded as a business; more specifically, that part of a modern national economy devoted......
aid
aid, a tax levied in medieval Europe, paid by persons or communities to someone in authority. Aids could be demanded......
Air Canada
Air Canada, airline established by the Canadian Parliament in the Trans-Canada Air Lines Act of April 10, 1937.......
Air France
Air France, French international airline originally formed in 1933 and today serving all parts of the globe. With......
Air India
Air India, airline founded in 1932 (as Tata Airlines) that grew into the flagship international airline of India;......
Air New Zealand Limited
Air New Zealand Limited, New Zealand international airline founded in 1939 (as Tasman Empire Airways Limited, or......
Airbus Industrie
Airbus Industrie, European aircraft-manufacturing consortium formed in 1970 to fill a market niche for short- to......
AkzoNobel
AkzoNobel, diversified Dutch manufacturer of paints, coatings, and chemicals. The company was formed from the merger......
Alberti Family
Alberti Family, wealthy Florentine merchant banking family that was influential in European politics in the second......
Alcan Aluminium Limited
Alcan Aluminium Limited, Canadian multinational company that was incorporated in 1928 (as Aluminium Limited) and,......
Alcoa
Alcoa, American corporation founded in 1888 that, during the 20th century, grew to become a leading producer of......
Alfa Romeo SpA
Alfa Romeo SpA, Italian manufacturer of high-priced sports cars and other vehicles. The company was operated by......
Alibaba
Alibaba is a Chinese multinational conglomerate that operates across e-commerce, cloud computing, digital media,......
Alitalia–Linee Aeree Italiane
Alitalia–Linee Aeree Italiane, Italian international airline founded in 1946 and, by the early 21st century, serving......
All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd.
All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd. (ANA), the largest domestic air carrier in Japan, and one of the largest in the world.......
All-India Trade Union Congress
All-India Trade Union Congress (AITUC), India’s second largest trade union federation after the Indian National......
AlliedSignal
AlliedSignal, former American corporation that became a leading manufacturer of aerospace systems and components......
Alphabet, Inc.
Alphabet Inc. is an American technology conglomerate and holding company formed in 2015 as a strategic restructuring......
Altria Group
Altria Group, American holding company founded in 1985, the owner of several major American companies with interests......
Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union
Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union (ACTWU), former union of garment and apparel workers in the United......
Amalgamated Engineering and Electrical Union
Amalgamated Engineering and Electrical Union (AEEU), the leading trade union in the manufacturing sector of the......
Amazon.com
Amazon.com is a Seattle, Washington–based e-commerce and cloud computing giant whose humble beginnings can be traced......
Amerada Hess Corporation
Amerada Hess Corporation, integrated American petroleum company involved in exploration and development of oil......
American Airlines
American Airlines, major American airline serving nearly 50 countries across the globe and a founding member of......
American Association of Retired Persons
American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), nonprofit, nonpartisan organization that works to address the needs......
American Broadcasting Company
American Broadcasting Company (ABC), major American television network that is a division of the Disney Company.......
American Express Company
American Express Company, American financial corporation that primarily issues credit cards, processes payments,......
American Federation of Labor
American Federation of Labor (AFL), federation of North American labour unions that was founded in 1886 under the......
American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees
American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME), American union representing a wide variety......
American Federation of Teachers
American Federation of Teachers (AFT), U.S. trade union for classroom educators, school personnel, and public employees.......
American Fur Company
American Fur Company, enterprise incorporated in New York state (April 6, 1808) by John Jacob Astor, which dominated......
American Tobacco Company
American Tobacco Company, American industrial conglomerate that was once the world’s largest cigarette maker. The......
America’s Best Comics
America’s Best Comics (ABC), American comic book imprint launched in 1999 by comic creator Alan Moore. An imprint......
Amoco Corporation
Amoco Corporation, former American oil company, one of the largest producers and marketers of petroleum products......
amortization
amortization, in finance, the systematic repayment of a debt; in accounting, the systematic writing off of some......
Amtrak
Amtrak, federally supported corporation that operates nearly all intercity passenger trains in the United States.......
amusement tax
amusement tax, impost on the general admission charges to recreational and entertainment events. The tax may be......
Anaconda Company
Anaconda Company, former American mining company, for much of the 20th century one of the largest mining companies......
Andean Community
Andean Community, South American organization founded to encourage industrial, agricultural, social, and trade......
Anheuser-Busch Companies, LLC
Anheuser-Busch Companies, LLC is one of the largest brewers in the world, producing beer under the Budweiser, Bud......
Anheuser-Busch InBev
Anheuser-Busch InBev (AB InBev) is an international brewing company created by the 2008 merger of Anheuser-Busch......
Ansett Transport Industries Limited
Ansett Transport Industries Limited, former Australian conglomerate founded in 1936 (as Ansett Airways Proprietary......
AOL
AOL, one of the largest Internet-access subscription service companies in the United States, providing a range......
Apple Inc.
Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company that revolutionized the technology sector through its......
apprenticeship
apprenticeship, training in an art, trade, or craft under a legal agreement that defines the duration and conditions......
Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa
Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa, bank created by the Arab League summit conference in Algiers in November......
ArcelorMittal
ArcelorMittal, steelmaking company that, when formed from the merger of the Arcelor and Mittal steel companies......
Armco Inc.
Armco Inc., American corporation first incorporated, as the American Rolling Mill Company, on Dec. 2, 1899. It......
Art Center College of Design
Art Center College of Design, private coeducational institution of higher learning in Pasadena, California, U.S.,......
Arthur Andersen
Arthur Andersen, Arthur Andersen LLP was one of the largest public accounting firms in the 1990s, with more than......
Asian Development Bank
Asian Development Bank (ADB), organization that provides loans and equity investments for development projects......
asiento de negros
asiento de negros, between the early 16th and the mid-18th century, an agreement between the Spanish crown and......
assessment
assessment, process of setting a value on real or personal property, usually for the purpose of taxation. In most......
asset
An asset is a resource—whether physical or intangible—that has earning power or some economic value. Assets owned......
assignat
assignat, paper bill issued in France as currency from 1789 to 1796, during the French Revolution. A financial......
Association of Caribbean States
Association of Caribbean States (ACS), trading bloc composed of 25 countries of the Caribbean basin. Responding......
AstraZeneca
AstraZeneca, British-Swedish biopharmaceutical company with medicine sales in more than 130 countries, making it......
Asylum Records and the Sound of Southern California
The driving force behind Asylum Records, the musical embodiment of the “Me Decade” (writer Tom Wolfe’s characterization......
AT&T Corporation
AT&T (T) is a Dallas-based holding company that comprises telecommunications and technology subsidiaries and affiliates;......
Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company, The
Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company, former railway that was one of the largest in the United States.......
Atlantic Records
Formed in 1947 by jazz fans Ahmet Ertegun, son of a Turkish diplomat, and Herb Abramson, formerly the artists-and-repertoire......
Atlantic Richfield Company
Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO), former American petroleum corporation that was headquartered in Los Angeles......
Auburn University
Auburn University, public, coeducational institution of higher education located in Auburn, Alabama, U.S. The university......
auction
auction, the buying and selling of real and personal property through open public bidding. The traditional auction......
auditing
auditing, examination of the records and reports of an enterprise by specialists other than those responsible for......
Augmentations, Court of
Court of Augmentations, in Reformation England, the most important of a group of financial courts organized during......
aureus
aureus, basic gold monetary unit of ancient Rome and the Roman world. It was first named nummus aureus (“gold money”),......
Australian Council of Trade Unions
Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU), the dominant association and governing body of the trade union movement......
Aventis
Aventis, former French pharmaceutical company founded in 1999 through the merger of the German firm Hoechst and......
average
average, in maritime law, loss or damage, less than total, to maritime property (a ship or its cargo), caused by......

Banking & Business Encyclopedia Articles By Title