• 8. French offensive opens Second Battle of Soissons.
• 15. French retreat from Soissons.
• 17. Russians control Bukovina, south of Czernowitz, Galicia.
• 18. Austrians recapture Czernowitz.
• 24. British navy defeats Germany in North Sea battle. German ship Blücher sunk off Dogger Bank.

• 2. Turks open attack on Suez Canal.
• 6. Russians advance in East Prussia to Tilsit.
• 12. Germans drive Russians from East Prussia.
• 18. German naval blockade of Britain begins.
• 19. Allied naval attack on Dardanelles forts.
• 21. Zeppelin raid on Calais, France.
• 28. Germans retreat from northern Poland.

• 10. British gain local successes at Neuve-Chapelle, France.
• 14. German warship Dresden sunk.
• 17. Russians take Memel, in northern Prussia, a Baltic Sea port.
• 18. Allied naval attack on Dardanelles abandoned, and in retreat the British ships Irresistible and Ocean and the French ship Bouvet are sunk.
• 20. Zeppelin raid on Paris.
• 21. Germans retake Memel.
• 22. Besieged Austrian city of Przemyśl taken by Russians.

• 14. Zeppelin raid on Northumberland, England.
• 22. Second Battle of Ypres begins; first use of poison gas by Germans, on French defenders at Ypres, breaks Allied lines.
• 25. British troops land on Gallipoli Peninsula, Dardanelles.
• 26. Treaty of London signed by Italy and Allies.

• 1. Turks attack Gallipoli.
• 7. British passenger ship Lusitania sunk. Germans advance over Wisłoka River at Jasło, Galicia.
• 8. Libau, a Baltic Sea port, is taken by Germans.
• 9. French offensive in Artois. End of Second Battle of Ypres.
• 11. Russians retreat to San River as their lines are broken in Galicia.
• 12. Allied troops under General Louis Botha take Windhoek, capital of German Southwest Africa.
• 15. Battle of San River begins. Austrians retreat to Perth River. Germans take Jarosław.
• 16. British offensive at Festubert, near Ypres.
• 23. Italy declares war on Austria.
• 24. Austrian navy raids Italian coast.
• 30. Italians capture Cortina d’Ampezzo in the Alps.

• 3. Germans recapture Przemyśl. Al-ʿAmārah, Turkey, on Tigris River, taken by British.
• 9. Italians take Monfalcone, Austrian port on Gulf of Trieste. German South West Africa surrenders to British.
• 11. Russian victory on Dniester River in battle at Zhuravno.
• 17. Russians evacuate Lemberg. French take German “labyrinth” of trenches north of Arras in Battle of Artois.
• 18. Italian victory at Plava.
• 20. Russians defeated at Rawa Ruska.
• 22. Austrians take Lemberg and control Galicia.

• 1. Germans drive French back in Argonne.
• 2. Italian offensive on Isonzo River.
• 9. Austrian defeat at Krasnik, Galicia.
• 15. Allied conquest of German South West Africa complete.
• 18. Austrian submarine sinks Giuseppe Garibaldi in Adriatic Sea.
• 22. Germans lay siege to Ivangorod, Russian Poland.
• 25. Italians take Austrian island of Pelagosa, Adriatic Sea.
• 26. Russians evacuate Warsaw.

• 4. Germans take Ivangorod.
• 5. Germans take Warsaw.
• 6. British land at Suvla Bay, Dardanelles.
• 14. British transport Royal Edward sunk.
• 18. Germans cut Brest-Litovsk Railway.
• 20. Russians defeat German landing operations in Gulf of Riga. Italy declares war on Ottoman Empire.
• 21. Germans evacuate Gulf of Riga. British attack at Suvla Bay fails.
• 23. Allied fleet bombards Zeebrugge, a Belgian seaport.
• 25. Germans take Brest-Litovsk.
• 26. Germans take Białystok, Russian Poland.

• 4. British ship Hesperian sunk by submarine.
• 5. Tsar Nicholas II takes command of Russian armies.
• 14. Germans cut Petrograd-Vilna Railway in Russia.
• 16. Germans take Pinsk, Russia.
• 18. Germans take Vilnius, Russian Poland.
• 20. Bulgarians mobilize.
• 25. British take Loos, France. French victorious in Champagne area.

• 4. Allied troops land at Salonika, Greece. Russia declares war on Bulgaria.
• 7. Germans and Bulgarians invade Serbia.
• 9. Germans capture Belgrade, Serbia.
• 14. Bulgaria declares war on Serbia.
• 15. Britain declares war on Bulgaria.
• 16. France declares war on Bulgaria.
• 18. Italy declares war on Bulgaria.
• 24. Germans open Danube River route to Constantinople.
• 29. British minesweeper Hythe sunk at Gallipoli.

• 5. United States protests against maritime policy of England and France.
• 6. Fall of Niš, Serbia.
• 11. Russians again repulse German attack on Riga.
• 12. Germans take Belgrade-Constantinople Railway.
• 15. Austrians drive Russians across Styr River, Galicia.
• 17. British hospital ship Anglia sunk by mine.
• 23. Serbia taken by Central Powers; Serbian army retreats to Albania.

• 3. British retreat from Ctesiphon (south of Baghdad) to Al-Kūt, Turkey.
• 8. British begin evacuating Gallipoli Peninsula, Dardanelles.
• 9. Allied forces retreat from Serbia to Greece.
• 10. Greece surrenders Salonika harbour to Allies.
• 16. German cruiser Bremen sunk in Baltic Sea.
• 21. Italians land at Avlona, Albania.
• 27. Russian victory at Toporoutz, between Perth and Dniester rivers.

1916

• 8. British warship King Edward VII sunk in North Sea.
• 9. British evacuation of Gallipoli Peninsula completed.
• 16. Russian offensive on Ottoman Empire’s Armenian forts.
• 18. Allied warships bombard Bulgarian coast.
• 23. Austrians control Montenegro and Shkodër area.

• 8. French cruiser Amiral Charner sunk by submarine.
• 14. Austrian air raid on Milan, Italy.
• 16. Russians take Erzurum, an Ottoman city in Asia Minor.
• 18. British take German Kamerun, Africa.
• 21. Germans attack Verdun forts.
• 28. Naval battle between British Alcantara and German raider Greif in North Sea; both ships sunk.

• 9. Germany declares war on Portugal.
• 17. Heavy bombardment of Verdun.
• 25. British destroyers and seaplanes raid zeppelin sheds in Schleswig.
• 30. Hospital ship Portugal sunk by Turks in Black Sea.

• 10. Germans gain at Verdun.
• 14. British air raids on Constantinople.
• 17. Italians take Col di Lana summit in Alps.
• 21. German cruiser and submarine attempt to land arms in Ireland.
• 24. Irish rebellion against British.
• 29. British surrender to Turks at Al-Kūt.

• 1. Zeppelin raids on Scotland and England.
• 2. Irish rebellion suppressed.
• 15. Struggle for Vimy Ridge, near Verdun.
• 31. Naval Battle of Jutland begins.

• 1. British defeat Germans in Battle of Jutland.
• 5. British ship Hampshire sunk off Orkney Islands, Lord Kitchener on board.
• 7. Germans take Fort Vaux, Verdun.
• 10. Austrians defeated by Russians near Czernowitz.
• 16. Germans push within 4 miles (6.4 km) of Verdun.
• 17. Russians recapture Czernowitz.
• 21. Arabs capture Mecca, Jiddah, and Al-Ṭāʾif from Turks.
• 23. Fall of Thiaumont and Fleury, France, to the Germans.
• 24. Russians again hold most of Bukovina.
• 29. Russians take Kolomea, Galicia.

• 1. Allied offensive on Somme River diverts fighting from Verdun.
• 19. Russians cross Carpathian Mountains, threaten Hungary.
• 23. German line at Riga pierced by Russian offensive.
• 28. Russians capture Brody, Galicia.

• 3. French recapture Fleury and Thiaumont forts.
• 9. Italians take Gorizia, north of Trieste.
• 10. Russians take Stanislav, Galicia.
• 25. Bulgarians enter Kavalla Forts, Macedonia.
• 27. War declared by Romania on Austria and by Italy on Germany.
• 28. Germany declares war on Romania; fighting begins on Transylvania front.
• 30. Romanians drive Austrians out of Kronstadt; Ottoman Empire declares war on Romania.

• 4. Dar es Salaam, German East Africa, surrenders to British.
• 12. French advance on Somme River.

• 7. German submarine U-53 reaches Newport, Rhode Island.
• 8. U-53 torpedoes five ships outside Nantucket. Austrians and Germans retake Kronstadt. Romanians retreat.
• 10. Italians take Corso heights, north of Trieste.
• 11. Greek fleet surrenders to Allies. Austro-Germans invade Romania.
• 23. Romanians lose Constanţa, a Black Sea port.

• 2. Germans evacuate Fort Vaux, France.
• 4. Russian navy bombards Constanţa.
• 15. British victory on Ancre River, France, captures Beaumont-Hamel.
• 18. End of Battle of the Somme.
• 24. British hospital ship Braemar Castle sunk in Aegean Sea.

• 6. Germans take Bucharest, Romania.
• 8. Allies blockade Greece.
• 15. French victory at Verdun.
• 16. Marshal Joseph-Jacques-Césaire Joffre retires and is succeeded by General Robert-Georges Nivelle as commander in chief of French armies.
• 21. British take Al-ʿArīsh, Sinai Peninsula.