Brad Paisley is an American country music singer-songwriter and guitarist who was one of the genre’s most popular performers in the early 21st century, known for skillfully crafted songs that were often laced with wry humor. Paisley was raised in a small town in West Virginia. At age eight he

Brad Paisley is an American country music singer-songwriter and guitarist who was one of the genre’s most popular performers in the early 21st century, known for skillfully crafted songs that were often laced with wry humor. Paisley was raised in a small town in West Virginia. At age eight he

Ian Paisley was a militant Protestant leader in the factional conflict that divided Northern Ireland from the 1960s, who was first minister of Northern Ireland from May 2007 to June 2008. He also served as a member of the British Parliament (1970–2010) and the European Parliament (1979–2004). The

Ian Paisley was a militant Protestant leader in the factional conflict that divided Northern Ireland from the 1960s, who was first minister of Northern Ireland from May 2007 to June 2008. He also served as a member of the British Parliament (1970–2010) and the European Parliament (1979–2004). The

Gahanbar: …of Tīr; 75 days later, Paitishhahya (Harvest-time), in the month of Shatvairō; 30 days later, Ayāthrima (possibly Time of Prosperity), in the month of Mitrā; 80 days later, Maidhyāirya (Midwinter), in the month of Dīn; and 75 days later, in the last five intercalary or Gatha days of the year,…

Paiute, either of two distinct North American Indian groups that speak languages of the Numic group of the Uto-Aztecan family. The Southern Paiute, who speak Ute, at one time occupied what are now southern Utah, northwestern Arizona, southern Nevada, and southeastern California, the latter group

Pêro da Covilhã: …the mission to India, and Afonso de Paiva, a squire who spoke Arabic, was to seek Prester John and discover a route from Guinea to Abyssinia. The men left Portugal in May 1487 with letters of credit on Italian bankers; they reached Barcelona and sailed to Naples and Rhodes, where…

Helsingin Sanomat, morning daily newspaper published in Helsinki, the largest paper in Finland and the only one of substance that remains free of political-party control. The newspaper was founded in 1889 by Eero Erkko as the Päivälehti. In 1904 it was suppressed, but it resumed publication some

Austronesian languages: Size and geographic scope: …1 to 10 in the Paiwan language of southeastern Taiwan, Cebuano Bisayan (Visayan) of the central Philippines, Javanese of western Indonesia, Malagasy of Madagascar, Arosi of the southeastern Solomon Islands in Melanesia, and Hawaiian.

Formosan languages: major branches: Atayalic, Tsonic, and Paiwanic. The last is the largest and includes Ami, Bunun, Paiwan, and Saaroa.

warship: Armament: …shell guns to sea was Henri-Joseph Paixhans, a general of French artillery. The first large shell guns from Paixhans’ design, chambered howitzers firing a 62.5-pound (28.5-kg) shell (thicker-walled than bombs to penetrate before exploding) was tested in 1824 against a moored frigate with remarkable accuracy and incendiary effect.

paixiao, Chinese bamboo panpipe, generally a series of bamboo tubes secured together by rows of bamboo strips, wooden strips, or ropes. The instrument is blown across the top end. Although 16 pipes have become the standard, other groupings (from 13 to 24) have been made. Before the Tang dynasty (ad

appliqué: The intricate paj ntaub (Hmong: “flower cloth”) made by Hmong women of Southeast Asia are delicate patterns executed in appliqué and reverse appliqué with embroidered embellishments. The designs are often based on natural objects such as the elephant’s foot, birds, or flowers. Arpilleras are made in several…

George Abbott: …several of his plays, including The Pajama Game (1957) and Damn Yankees (1958). He published his autobiography, Mister Abbott, in 1963 and remained active on the New York theatrical scene into the 1990s.

Bob Fosse: Early life and work: …returned to Broadway to choreograph The Pajama Game, which was directed by George Abbott and Jerome Robbins. Fosse earned acclaim—and his first Tony Award—for his clever angular groupings of dancers and fresh stylistically exaggerated staging. He then reteamed with Abbott for Damn Yankees (1955–57), earning another Tony for his choreography;…

pajamas, loose, lightweight trousers first worn in the East, or a loose two-piece suit consisting of trousers and a shirt, made of silk, cotton, or synthetic material and worn for sleeping or lounging. They were introduced in England as lounging attire in the 17th century but soon went out of

Los Alamos: It lies on the Pajarito Plateau (elevation 7,300 feet [2,225 metres]) of the Jemez Mountains, 35 miles (56 km) northwest of Santa Fe. The site was named Los Alamos (Spanish: “the cottonwoods”) by Ashley Pond, founder of the Los Alamos Ranch School for Boys (1918–43).

São Francisco River: Physiography: …the São Pedro, Ipueira, and Pajeú rivers—culminates in the great Paulo Afonso Falls (see photograph). At the top of the falls, the river divides suddenly and violently and cuts three successive falls through the granite rocks for a total drop of about 275 feet. Below the falls the river flows…

dress: Korea: …in Korea, the chŏgori (jacket), paji (trousers), and turumagi (overcoat), were probably worn at a very early date, but the characteristic two-piece costume of today did not begin to evolve until the period of the Three Kingdoms (c. 57 bce–668 ce). During the early part of this period both men…

Tetris: …game created by Russian designer Alexey Pajitnov in 1985 that allows players to rotate falling blocks strategically to clear levels. Pajitnov claimed he created the name of the game by combining the Greek prefix tetra, which refers to the four squares contained in each block, with the word tennis.

Claude Pajon was a French Protestant theologian who was influential during the later Reformation. Pajon studied at Saumur and became a pastor at Machenoir. He was made a professor of theology at Saumur in 1666 but had to resign in 1668 after controversy arose over his views. Though he repeatedly

Augustin Pajou was a French sculptor and decorator known mainly for his portrait busts of famous contemporaries, such as his patroness, Madame du Barry, and for directing the decoration of the Versailles opera house. Pajou, a student of the sculptor Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne, won the Prix de Rome in

Panhellenic Socialist Movement: …launch a resistance movement, the Panhellenic Liberation Movement (Panellinio Apeleutherotiko Kinima; PAK), to bring about the overthrow of the military regime. PAK members formed a significant element in the newly established PASOK.

Korean literature: Oral literature: …two puppet-show texts are extant, Kkoktukaksi nori (also called Pak Ch’ŏmjikuk; “Old Pak’s Play”) and Mansŏk chung nori. Both titles are derived from names of characters in the plays. No theory has been formulated as to the origin and development of these plays. The plots of the puppet plays, like…

Korean literature: Later Chosŏn: 1598–1894: … (“practical learning”) school, which included Pak Chi-Wŏn, turned its attention to contemporary realities and introduced a lively writing style. Among the sirhak group, Chŏng Yak-Yong strove to produce verse with a folk song flavour, while Shin Wi used individualized expression in an attempt to breathe new life into poetry written…

bok choy, (Brassica rapa), member of the mustard family (Brassicaceae) that is a variety (chinensis) of Brassica rapa. Bok choy belongs to a family of plants that includes other vegetables popular in Asian cookery such as mustard greens and Chinese leaves (also known as Chinese cabbage and Napa

Korea: The Three Kingdoms: …18 bce, and Silla by Bak Hyeokgeose in 57 bce. The actual task of state building, however, was begun for Goguryeo by King Taejo (reigned 53–146 ce), for Baekje by King Koi (reigned 234–286), and for Silla by King Naemul (reigned 356–402).

Oceanic art and architecture: The Admiralty Islands: …common; and the people on Pak made beds (used nowhere else in Melanesia) and slit gongs. Although the Matankor were neither culturally nor linguistically homogeneous, their art style shows a considerable uniformity. Surface designs consisted largely of repeated triangles, diamonds, rectangles, and opposed curves, often in bordered bands, sometimes in…

Korean art: Modern period: …painters such as Kim Ki-ch’ang, Pak Nae-hyŏn, and Pak No-su. All of these artists were highly trained in the traditional mediums of ink and watercolour painting. Their paintings reflect a bold sense of composition and colour and also have the quality of genuine abstract art.

Korean art: Modern period: …Kim Ki-ch’ang, Pak Nae-hyŏn, and Pak No-su. All of these artists were highly trained in the traditional mediums of ink and watercolour painting. Their paintings reflect a bold sense of composition and colour and also have the quality of genuine abstract art.

Pak Se-Ri is a South Korean professional golfer who was one of the leading players on the Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA) tour from the late 1990s to the early 2000s. She played a key role in popularizing women’s golf in South Korea. Pak’s father introduced her to golf when she was 14

Thailand: Southern peninsula: …the southern-peninsula region, also called Pak Tai, has a distinctive identity linked to the historical role of towns such as Nakhon Si Thammarat, once known as Ligor. Because of the region’s historical ties to the later Siamese kingdoms, the language and customs of the southern Thai are similar to those…

Korean literature: Modern literature: 1910 to the end of the 20th century: Sŏ Chŏngju and Pak Tujin are known for their lifelong dedication and contributions to modern Korean poetry. Considered to be the most “Korean” of contemporary poets, Sŏ is credited with exploring the hidden resources of the language, from sensual ecstasy to spiritual quest, from haunting lyricism to colloquial…

Incredible Hulk: From the Bronze Age of comics to the modern era: …the early 21st century, writer Greg Pak revitalized the franchise with the “Planet Hulk” (2006) and “World War Hulk” (2007) story lines. Cast into space by the Illuminati, a council of superheroes that includes Mr. Fantastic, Iron Man, and others, the Hulk crashes on the planet Sakaar, where he leads…

Beihai, city and port, southern Zhuang Autonomous Region of Guangxi, China. For a time the city was in Guangdong province, but in 1965 it became part of Guangxi. It is located on the western shore of a small peninsula on the eastern side of Qinzhou Bay on the Gulf of Tonkin, immediately south of

Tiglath-pileser III: Military campaigns.: …subject through the assassination of Pekah (Pakaha) and his replacement by a pro-Assyrian vassal Hoshea (Ausi). Galilee was made part of an adjacent province.

Pekanbaru, kota (city) and capital of Riau propinsi (or provinsi; province), Indonesia. It is a port city, located on the Siak River, about 100 miles (160 km) upstream from the Strait of Malacca, in the east-central region of the island of Sumatra. The city was established in the late 18th century

Pacaraima Mountains, central tabular upland of the Guiana Highlands in Brazil, Venezuela, and Guyana. The Pacaraima Mountains form the drainage divide between the Orinoco Valley to the north and the Amazon Basin to the south. Extending for 250 miles (400 km) in an east–west direction, the mountains

Malaysia: Malaysia in the 21st century: …coalition of opposition parties—called the People’s Alliance (Pakatan Rakyat; PR)—that gained more than one-third of the seats in Malaysia’s lower house of parliament, even though he still could not run for office. Anwar officially returned to politics later that year, and in October he won a solid victory in a…

PARC: Building PARC: However, Goldman’s choice for director, George Pake, successfully lobbied for Palo Alto, near Stanford University. Stanford had demonstrated a commitment to cooperative ventures with electronics firms since before World War II, and later with the computer industry, in order to develop the region surrounding the university—a region now known as…

PARC: Building PARC: However, Goldman’s choice for director, George Pake, successfully lobbied for Palo Alto, near Stanford University. Stanford had demonstrated a commitment to cooperative ventures with electronics firms since before World War II, and later with the computer industry, in order to develop the region surrounding the university—a region now known as…

Edward Arthur Henry Pakenham, 6th earl of Longford was a theatre patron and playwright who is best-remembered as the director of the Gate Theatre in Dublin. Longford succeeded to the earldom in 1915 and was educated at the University of Oxford (B.A., 1925; M.A., 1928). In 1931 he bought up the

mridangam: A similar instrument, the pakhavaj, is played in the Hindustani tradition of northern India, as well as in Pakistan and Bangladesh.

Pashto language, member of the Iranian division of the Indo-Iranian group of Indo-European languages. Extensive borrowing has caused Pashto to share many features of the Indo-Aryan group of the Indo-European languages as well. Originally spoken by the Pashtun people, Pashto became the national

Pashtun, ethnolinguistic group residing primarily in the region that lies between the Hindu Kush in northeastern Afghanistan and the northern stretch of the Indus River in Pakistan. The Pashtun constitute the largest ethnic group of the population of Afghanistan and bore the exclusive name of

Afghanistan: Informal institutions and justice: …Pashtun tribal law, known as Pashtunwali. With the advent of the Taliban, Islamic courts and an Islamic administration of justice through interpretation of the law by clergy (ʿulamāʾ) assumed greater prominence. These changes have widely replaced the authority once exercised by traditional local leaders, or khans.

Liliuokalani was the first and only reigning Hawaiian queen and the last Hawaiian sovereign to govern the islands, which were annexed by the United States in 1898. Lydia Kamakaeha was of a high-ranking family. Her mother, Keohokalole, was an adviser of King Kamehameha III. Reared in the missionary

Lao literature: Modern Lao literature: …Lao literature, history, and culture: Pakian Viravong, Duangdeuan Viravong, and Dara Viravong (pseudonyms Pa Nai, Dauk Ket, and Duang Champa, respectively). An equally important writer was Outhine Bounyavong, Maha Sila Viravong’s son-in-law, who remained a notable writer through the turn of the 21st century; his short stories were translated into…

cetacean: Annotated taxonomy: †Family Pakicetidae 3 genera. Early Eocene. India and Pakistan. †Family Ambulocetidae 2 genera. Early to Middle Eocene. Pakistan. †Family Remingtonicetidae 4 genera. Middle Eocene. Pakistan. †Family Protocetidae 9 genera. Early to

Pakicetus, extinct genus of early cetacean mammals known from fossils discovered in 48.5-million-year-old river delta deposits in present-day Pakistan. Pakicetus is one of the earliest whales and the first cetacean discovered with functional legs. In addition, it still retained many other features

Pakistan, populous multiethnic country of South Asia. Having a predominately Indo-Iranian speaking population, Pakistan has historically and culturally been associated with its neighbours Iran, Afghanistan, and India. Since Pakistan and India achieved independence from British rule on August 14−15,

Pakistan: The government of Imran Khan: …a coalition, known as the Pakistan Democratic Movement (PDM), which sought to increase the independence of civilian government from the military establishment. The PDM staged protests and rallies—some addressed by Nawaz Sharif, calling by video from exile. With opposition sustained into the following year, Khan sought a vote of confidence…

Pakistan: Media and publishing: In 2002 the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) was established to regulate and license privately owned radio, television, and satellite broadcasting facilities. Censorship, particularly of newspapers, is widespread, but Pakistanis have access to a variety of information media via satellite television (ownership of dishes is growing rapidly)…

Pakistan Floods of 2010, flooding of the Indus River in Pakistan in late July and August 2010 that led to a humanitarian disaster considered to be one of the worst in Pakistan’s history. The floods, which affected approximately 20 million people, destroyed homes, crops, and infrastructure and left

Pakistan: Finance of Pakistan: …Investment Corporation (1957; since 2001, PICIC Commercial Bank, Ltd.), the Industrial Development Bank of Pakistan (1961), the Agricultural Development Bank of Pakistan (1961), and the House Building Finance Corporation (1952). There are a number of private banks, many of which operate from Karachi. Habib Bank, Ltd., is one of the…

Pakistan: Transportation and telecommunications: Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), established in 1954, is the national carrier; until the mid-1990s it was the sole domestic carrier, but since then a number of small regional airlines and charter services have been established. (PIA also runs international flights to Europe, the Middle East,…

Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), political party of Pakistan founded in 1996 by Imran Khan, a popular cricketer and philanthropist, with the goals of fighting corruption and promoting social welfare. After becoming the second largest party in the 2013 legislative elections, Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf

Pakistan: Zia ul-Haq: …Pakistan Muslim League—often designated as Muslim League (J) to distinguish it from other factions attempting to access the party’s legacy. Soon afterward Benazir Bhutto, the daughter of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and head of the PPP, returned from a two-year exile abroad and was greeted by a tumultuous gathering of supporters…

Pakistan: The second administration of Nawaz Sharif: The PML-N of Nawaz Sharif was the big winner, taking all the provinces either outright or through coalitions with provincial parties. Although only one-third of the eligible electorate had voted, no party in the history of Pakistan had done better in an election (taking two-thirds of…

Pakistan: Electoral losses and resignation: …Musharraf and his rule; his PML-Q party finished a distant third behind the PPP (now led by Asif Ali Zardari, Bhutto’s widower), which captured about one-third of the parliamentary seats up for election, and Sharif’s party, the PML-N, with about one-fourth of the seats. In March the PPP and PML-N…

Pakistan: The second administration of Nawaz Sharif: The PML-N of Nawaz Sharif was the big winner, taking all the provinces either outright or through coalitions with provincial parties. Although only one-third of the eligible electorate had voted, no party in the history of Pakistan had done better in an election (taking two-thirds of…

Pakistan: Zulfikar Ali Bhutto: …nine opposition parties formed the Pakistan National Alliance (PNA) and agreed to run as a single bloc. Fearing the possible strength of the PNA, Bhutto and his colleagues plotted an electoral strategy that included unleashing the FSF to terrorize the opposition. However, PNA members refused to be intimidated and centred…

Nawaz Sharif: Second term as prime minister: …of Zardari and the ruling Pakistan People’s Party (PPP), accusing the incumbents of corruption and economic ineptitude.

Benazir Bhutto: Corruption charges and exile: …legally distinct branch called the Pakistan People’s Party Parliamentarians (PPPP). Legally separate and free from the restrictions brought upon the PPP by Bhutto’s leadership, the PPPP participated in the 2002 elections, in which it proceeded to earn a strong vote. However, Bhutto’s terms for cooperation with the military government—that all…

Pakistan: Transportation and telecommunications: Pakistan Telecommunications Company, Ltd.—originally founded in 1947 as the state-run Pakistan Posts and Telegraph Department and partly privatized in 1994—is the country’s largest carrier. Despite increasing capacity, standard telephone service is generally sparse, with only a fraction of households having a landline and rural areas…

India: The impact of World War II: The famous Lahore Resolution, later known as the Pakistan Resolution, was passed by the largest gathering of league delegates just one day after Jinnah informed his followers that “the problem of India is not of an inter-communal but manifestly of an international character.” The league resolved, therefore,…

Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), political party of Pakistan founded in 1996 by Imran Khan, a popular cricketer and philanthropist, with the goals of fighting corruption and promoting social welfare. After becoming the second largest party in the 2013 legislative elections, Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf

Pakistan: Transportation and telecommunications: Pakistan Telecommunications Company, Ltd.—originally founded in 1947 as the state-run Pakistan Posts and Telegraph Department and partly privatized in 1994—is the country’s largest carrier. Despite increasing capacity, standard telephone service is generally sparse, with only a fraction of households having a landline and rural areas…

Indus River: Irrigation of the Indus River: …of the 1960 treaty, the Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority built several linking canals and barrages to divert water from its western rivers to areas in the east lacking water. The biggest of those canals is the Chashma-Jhelum link joining the Indus River with the Jhelum River, with a…

Church of Pakistan, denomination inaugurated in Pakistan in 1970 and comprising former Anglican, Methodist, Scottish Presbyterian, and Lutheran churches and mission bodies. It is the only church in the world joining Lutherans with Anglicans, Methodists, and Presbyterians and one of three in which

national flag consisting of a green field with a large white crescent and star; at the hoist end is a vertical white stripe. The flag’s width-to-length ratio is 2 to 3.When the independence struggle in British-dominated India began, many Muslims preferred to create a new state where they would be

Pakistan: History of Pakistan: This section presents the history of Pakistan from the partition of British India (1947) to the present. For a discussion of the earlier history of the region, see India.

Pakistan: Political process: … (Jamīʿat ʿUlamāʾ-e Islām) and the Assembly of Pakistani Clergy (Jamīʿat ʿUlamāʾ-e Pakistan), have strong centres of support, the former in Karachi and the latter in the rural areas of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Indus River: Irrigation of the Indus River: …of the 1960 treaty, the Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority built several linking canals and barrages to divert water from its western rivers to areas in the east lacking water. The biggest of those canals is the Chashma-Jhelum link joining the Indus River with the Jhelum River, with a…

dietary law: Hinduism: …in the finest manner (pakka). Everyone else takes inferior (kacca) food. Pakka food contains ghee (clarified butter), a very costly fat believed to promote health and virility, and is the only kind that can be offered in feasts to gods, to guests of high status, and to persons who…

Samut Prakan, town, south-central Thailand, on the Gulf of Thailand. Samut Prakan (sometimes called Paknam) lies at the mouth of the Chao Phraya River and serves as a lower port of Bangkok, 12 miles (19 km) north, with which it is linked by road and railway. The adjacent gulf coastline is marshy

Pakokku, town, central Myanmar (Burma), on the Irrawaddy River below its junction with the Chindwin. A trading centre for the Chindwin and Yaw river valleys, the town deals in timber and palm sugar and is the head of downstream Chindwin navigation. It has an airfield and a diesel-electric plant.

Innsbruck 1976 Olympic Winter Games: …and the highly favoured Soviets Lyudmila Pakomova and Aleksandr Gorshkov won the gold.

fritter: The Indian pakora is a savoury deep-fried cake containing bits of cauliflower, eggplant, or other vegetables. Fritto misto is an Italian dish of bits of meat, seafood, and vegetables dipped in batter and fried in olive oil. A specialty dish of various local cuisines is the flower…

Pacorus was a Parthian prince, son of King Orodes II (reigned c. 55/54–37/36 bc); he apparently never ascended the throne. In the summer of 51 bc Pacorus was sent to invade Syria with an army commanded by Osaces, an older warrior. Osaces, however, was killed in battle, and early the next year

Tolna: …the nuclear power plant in Paks, which opened in 1976, had four reactors by the mid-1980s, and remains Hungary’s only nuclear power facility. The Dunaföldvár bridge (built 1928–32) is the only bridge over the Budapest-Baja section of the Danube and is of great importance. A huge biorefinery in Dunaföldvár uses…

Rolandas Paksas is a prime minister (1999, 2000–01) and president (2003–04) of Lithuania. Although he began his political career as a communist, Paksas became prominent in conservative circles and later emerged as a leader of Lithuania’s Liberal and Liberal Democratic parties. He was Europe’s first

Pakxé, town, in the southern panhandle of Laos, at the confluence of the Xédôn and Mekong rivers. Before 1966 Pakxé functioned as the chief port of entry of Laos. East of Pakxé begins the rolling Bolovens Plateau, nearly 3,300 feet (1,000 metres) high, for whose products—teak, tea, cinchona, kapok,

Indian philosophy: The ultralogical period: …members of this school were Pakshadhara Mishra of Mithila, Vasudeva Sarvabhauma (16th century), his disciple Raghunatha Shiromani (both of Bengal), and Gadadhara Bhattacharyya.

Pakistan, populous multiethnic country of South Asia. Having a predominately Indo-Iranian speaking population, Pakistan has historically and culturally been associated with its neighbours Iran, Afghanistan, and India. Since Pakistan and India achieved independence from British rule on August 14−15,

nickel silver, a range of alloys of copper, nickel, and zinc which are silvery in appearance but contain no silver. Its composition varies from 7 to 30 percent nickel, the alloy most widely used being 18 percent nickel silver (18 percent nickel, 62 percent copper, 20 percent zinc). In general the

Gianti Agreement: Pakubuwono III, who was supported by the company, became the new king, but he had to face a rival of his father, Raden Mas Said, who had occupied a region called Sukowati. In 1749 Mangkubumi, the brother of the late Pakubuwono II, dissatisfied with his…

Alan J. Pakula was an American motion-picture director, producer, and screenwriter who evoked exceptional performances from actors and actresses in the 16 films he directed, most notably in three dark, foreboding psychological thrillers: Klute (1971), The Parallax View (1974), and All the

Pakxé, town, in the southern panhandle of Laos, at the confluence of the Xédôn and Mekong rivers. Before 1966 Pakxé functioned as the chief port of entry of Laos. East of Pakxé begins the rolling Bolovens Plateau, nearly 3,300 feet (1,000 metres) high, for whose products—teak, tea, cinchona, kapok,

Lucio Tan: …purchase of the newly privatized Philippine Airlines, Inc. (PAL). In 1995 he became chairman of the airline. As the owner of PAL and head of Fortune Tobacco Corp. (which by 1996 commanded nearly 75 percent of the Philippine market), and with an estimated net worth between $1 billion and $8…

Richard Rodgers: Their Pal Joey (1940), adapted by John O’Hara from a series of his short stories, turned away from purely escapist entertainment to serious drama. Too realistic for its time when first produced, it was revived in 1952 with enormous success. Among its songs was “Bewitched.” Their…

George Sidney: Annie Get Your Gun, Kiss Me Kate, and Show Boat: Pal Joey (1957) also starred Novak, but it worked much better, in large part because of the classic songs by Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart—including “The Lady Is a Tramp” and “My Funny Valentine”—and the performances of Sinatra and Rita Hayworth.

television: PAL: PAL (phase alternation line) resembles NTSC in that the chrominance signal is simultaneously modulated in amplitude to carry the saturation (pastel-versus-vivid) aspect of the colours and modulated in phase to carry the hue aspect. In the PAL system, however, the phase information is reversed…

Bachendri Pal is an Indian mountaineer who in 1984 became the first Indian woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest. Pal was born into a rural working-class family in what is now Uttarakhand and was one of seven children. A gifted student, she encountered stiff opposition from her family and

Bipin Chandra Pal was an Indian journalist and an early leader of the nationalist movement. By his contributions to various newspapers and through speaking tours, he popularized the concepts of swadeshi (exclusive use of Indian-made goods) and swaraj (independence). Though originally considered a

George Pal was a Hungarian-born animator, film director, and producer who was a leading figure in the science-fiction genre, especially noted for his work with special effects. He also created Puppetoons, a popular series of animated shorts. (Read Martin Scorsese’s Britannica essay on film

jai alai: History: …a flat wooden bat, or pala. A cartoon for a tapestry by Goya in the Prado museum, Madrid, “Juego de Pelota” (1777–90), depicts such a bat in use on a one-walled court. Later the guante developed into a catching and throwing device leading finally to the evolution of the cesta,…

Pala art, artistic style that flourished in what are now the states of Bihar and West Bengal, India, and in what is now Bangladesh. Named for the dynasty that ruled the region from the 8th to the 12th century ce, Pala style was transmitted chiefly by means of bronze sculptures and palm-leaf

Eastern Indian bronze, any of a style of metal sculptures produced from the 9th century onward in the area of modern Bihār and West Bengal in India, extending into Bangladesh. They are sometimes referred to as Pāla bronzes, after the name of one of the reigning dynasties (Pāla and Sena, 8th–12th

enamelwork: Byzantine: …is the altar screen “Pala d’Oro” in St. Mark’s, Venice, believed to have been brought from Constantinople to Venice about 1105. The quality of Byzantine enamelling began to decline in the late 12th century.