Liège: Under Notger, its first prince-bishop, it grew in importance as a center of Liège principality and of the Mosan school of art and as a major European intellectual center. After it was granted a communal magistracy (1185) and citizens’ charter (1195), and the guilds were granted…

Sex and the City: Big (Chris Noth) underpins the story line, forming a defining relationship in the series against which all of Carrie’s other affairs are compared.

Martin Noth was a German biblical scholar who specialized in the early history of the Jewish people. In his book Das System der zwölf Stämme Israels (1930; “The Scheme of the Twelve Tribes of Israel”), written when he was just 28, Noth proposed the theory that the unity called Israel did not exist

puffbird: …white-necked, or large-billed, puffbird (Notharchus macrorhynchos), 24 cm (9 inches) long, ranging from Mexico to Argentina.

primate: Eocene: …family Adapidae and the related Notharctidae contain two North American genera, Notharctus and Smilodectes, which are well represented in the fossil deposits of the Bridger Basin, Wyoming, U.S., and Adapis, Europolemur, Anchomomys, and Pronycticebus from Europe. Notharctus and Smilodectes are not thought to be antecedent to living lemurs, though

adapiform: Distribution: …is divided into the subfamilies Notharctinae and Cercamoniinae; the notharctines were found primarily in North America, whereas the cercamoniines were distributed across parts of Africa, Europe, and possibly even Asia, in addition to North America. Most adapiform lineages went extinct when the global climate became cooler and drier near the…

adapiform: Distribution: …is divided into the subfamilies Notharctinae and Cercamoniinae; the notharctines were found primarily in North America, whereas the cercamoniines were distributed across parts of Africa, Europe, and possibly even Asia, in addition to North America. Most adapiform lineages went extinct when the global climate became cooler and drier near the…

Notharctus, extinct genus of small primates (family Adapidae) that shares many similarities with modern lemurs, although its exact relationship to lemurs is controversial. The genus is well known from complete fossil remains found in Europe and North America in early Eocene deposits dated to about

Daoism: Cosmology: …the Named (youming), Nothing (wu) and Something (you), are interdependent and “grow out of one another.”

Thomas McGuane: …Keep the Change (1989), and Nothing but Blue Skies (1992). After a hiatus from writing novels, McGuane returned with The Cadence of Grass (2002), which depicts a Montana clan’s colourfully tangled lives. It was followed by Driving on the Rim (2010), a freewheeling tale of a small-town doctor.

Elliott Nugent: …and Goddard in the comedy Nothing but the Truth. The following year he adapted The Male Animal for the screen, with Henry Fonda, Olivia de Havilland, and Jack Carson heading the cast. In 1944 Nugent directed Danny Kaye in his first feature film, the frenetic comedy Up in Arms. Nugent…

Rubén Blades: …released his first English-language album, Nothing but the Truth, which featured songs written or cowritten by Lou Reed, Elvis Costello, and Sting. His music echoed such social issues as the Iran-Contra affair and the AIDS crisis. Because of his success and activism, Blades became known as “the Latin Bruce Springsteen.”

Billy Preston: …in Circles” (1973) and “Nothing from Nothing” (1974). He also co-wrote “You Are So Beautiful,” a gigantic hit for Joe Cocker.

Romain Gary: …first work, L’Éducation européenne (1945; Forest of Anger), won him immediate acclaim. Humanistic and optimistic despite its graphic depictions of the horrors of World War II, the novel was later revised and reissued in English as Nothing Important Ever Dies (1960).

Garry Marshall: Films: Pretty Woman and The Princess Diaries: …followed two years later by Nothing in Common, which starred Tom Hanks as an ad executive dealing with his divorcing parents (Jackie Gleason and Eva Marie Saint). The romantic comedy Overboard, featuring Goldie Hawn and Kurt Russell, had a lukewarm reception upon its release in 1987 but later became a…

Claudia Rankine: …her debut collection of poems, Nothing in Nature Is Private, Rankine emerged as an innovative and provocative voice in contemporary poetry. Her second collection, The End of the Alphabet, appeared in 1998, followed by Plot (2001), a book-length poem that narrated the experience of pregnancy and childbirth. Don’t Let Me…

Joan Plowright: …Eileen Atkins in the documentary Nothing Like a Dame (2018; also called Tea with the Dames).

Sting: Solo career: Sting’s next album, …Nothing like the Sun (1987), included collaborations with Eric Clapton and with former bandmate Summers and hits such as “Fragile,” “We’ll Be Together,” “Englishman in New York,” and “Be Still My Beating Heart.”

Rascal Flatts: …then released the studio albums Nothing like This (2010), Changed (2012), and Rewind (2014), all of which debuted at number one on the Billboard country album chart. Back to Us (2017) was the group’s 12th album to reach the Top Ten on that chart.

The Mill on the Po, trilogy of novels by Riccardo Bacchelli, first published in Italian as Il mulino del Po in 1938–40. The work, considered Bacchelli’s masterpiece, dramatizes the conflicts and struggles of several generations of a family of millers. The first two volumes, Dio ti salve (1938; “God

William Wellman: Films of the late 1930s of William Wellman: …in its own right was Nothing Sacred (1937), a scathing screwball comedy that featured what some believe to be Carole Lombard’s best performance and a surprisingly modern screenplay by Ben Hecht about media manipulation. Wellman returned to the skies with Men with Wings (1938), a Technicolor account of the early…

Canadian literature: Drama: …impressive body of work, including Nothing Sacred (1988), an adaptation of Turgenev’s Father and Sons; Criminals in Love (1985), set in Toronto’s working-class east end; and Suburban Motel (1997), a cycle of six plays set in a motel room. Playwright and actor Morris Panych achieved renown for the nonverbal The…

Julian Barnes: His memoir Nothing to Be Frightened Of (2008) is an honest, oftentimes jarringly critical look at his relationship with his parents and older brother. Levels of Life (2013)—which pays tribute to his wife, who died in 2008—is a series of linked essays. Barnes used the story of…

Martin Lawrence: …Tim Robbins in the comedy Nothing to Lose (1997). In Life (1999) he and Eddie Murphy played two strangers who become friends after being sentenced to life in prison in the 1930s for a crime they did not commit. Lawrence again displayed his facility with prostheses by playing an FBI…

Solomon Burke: …Like a Fire (2008), and Nothing’s Impossible (2010)—were nominated in that category. He was traveling to the Netherlands for a performance in October 2010 when he died at Schiphol airport near Amsterdam. Burke was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2001.

alternative rock: …Warner Brothers Records and made Nothing’s Shocking (1988), an album on which they offered odd guitar tones and disrupted metres as clearly and forcefully as had been done on any classic rock recording. Just as the 1990s dawned, the Smashing Pumpkins began their ultimately very successful quest to make what…

emptiness, in mysticism and religion, a state of “pure consciousness” in which the mind has been emptied of all particular objects and images; also, the undifferentiated reality (a world without distinctions and multiplicity) or quality of reality that the emptied mind reflects or manifests. The

existentialism: Ontic structure of human existence: …(as possibility) appears as the nothingness of Being, as the negation of every reality of fact. In a brief but famous work, Was ist Metaphysik? (1929; What Is Metaphysics?), Heidegger affirmed that “Human existence cannot have a relationship with being unless it remains in the midst of nothingness.” Rudolf Carnap,…

10 Organisms Named for David Attenborough: Attenborough’s killifish: • What: small colorful killifish that inhabits ephemeral freshwater pools and marshes formed during the wet season. The fry grow rapidly, mate, and lay their eggs in the muddy substrate; the adults die as the pools dry out. The eggs hatch during the…

killifish: Nothobranchius kadleci and N. furzeri, two species inhabiting rain-filled seasonal ponds in East Africa, have the shortest generation time (approximately 1 month) of any vertebrate known. N. kadleci and N. furzeri become sexually mature at 17 days and 18 days, respectively, and the eggs of both species can…

killifish: Nothobranchius kadleci and N. furzeri, two species inhabiting rain-filled seasonal ponds in East Africa, have the shortest generation time (approximately 1 month) of any vertebrate known. N. kadleci and N. furzeri become sexually mature at 17 days and 18 days, respectively, and the eggs of…

Fagales: Nothofagaceae: Nothofagaceae, or the southern or silver beech family, consists of 35 species of Nothofagus that are scattered throughout southern South America, Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, and the mountains of New Guinea. The history of the genus has frequently been cited as evidence of…

southern beech, (genus Nothofagus), genus of 35–40 species of trees and shrubs in the family Nothofagaceae, native to cooler regions of the Southern Hemisphere. Several species are grown as ornamentals or for their useful wood. The southern beeches were formerly placed in the beech and oak family

temperate forest: Flora: …evergreen species of beech (Nothofagus), with different species occurring in each region. Few other trees typically coexist with Nothofagus in these cool forests, which also lack climbers and vascular epiphytes, although they may have a great abundance of mosses on tree trunks, branches, and sometimes leaves. In Australia other…

southern beech: …Australian, or red, myrtle (N. cunninghamii), a 60-metre (197-foot) Tasmanian tree important for its fine-textured wood; the slender columnar red beech (N. fusca) of New Zealand, about 30 metres tall; and the silver, or southland, beech (N. menziesii), a 30-metre New Zealand tree with doubly and bluntly toothed leaves…

southern beech: …fine-textured wood; the slender columnar red beech (N. fusca) of New Zealand, about 30 metres tall; and the silver, or southland, beech (N. menziesii), a 30-metre New Zealand tree with doubly and bluntly toothed leaves bearing small hairy pits beneath.

southern beech: …silver, or southland, beech (N. menziesii), a 30-metre New Zealand tree with doubly and bluntly toothed leaves bearing small hairy pits beneath.

southern beech: …the best known are the Australian beech (N. moorei), a 46-metre (151-foot) tree with leaves 7 cm (3 inches) long, found in New South Wales; the myrtle beech, Tasmanian myrtle, or Australian, or red, myrtle (N. cunninghamii), a 60-metre (197-foot) Tasmanian tree important for its fine-textured wood; the slender columnar…

temperate forest: Flora: …a deciduous species of beech, Nothofagus obliqua, which usually grows amid evergreen trees more typical of the broad-leaved forests bordering this area to the south.

Belgian literature: Developments after World War II: …novelist of the 1990s was Amélie Nothomb, two of whose novels of the ’90s—Le Sabotage amoureux (1993; Loving Sabotage) and Stupeur et tremblements (1999; Fear and Trembling)—were translated into English at the turn of the 21st century.

tinamou: Habitat selection and food habits: The members of the genus Nothoprocta are considered beneficial to agriculture because of their large consumption of insect pests. Young tinamous of all species are more dependent upon insects than are the adults. Unlike the gallinaceous birds, tinamous do not scratch for food, as is evident by their weak toes…

tinamou: Reproduction: In the ornate tinamou (Nothoprocta ornata) it is the females who perform courtship displays.

sauropterygian: Sauropterygians include the nothosaurs, the pistosaurs, and the plesiosaurs, all of which were remarkably well adapted to life in the water.

sauropterygian: Sauropterygians include the nothosaurs, the pistosaurs, and the plesiosaurs, all of which were remarkably well adapted to life in the water.

Nothosaurus, (genus Nothosaurus), marine reptiles found as fossils from the Triassic Period (251 million to 200 million years ago) in southwestern and eastern Asia, North Africa, and especially Europe. Nothosaurus was characterized by a slender body, long neck and tail, and long limbs. Although the

tinamou: Habitat selection and food habits: …primarily on seeds, but the spotted tinamou (Nothura maculosa) occasionally eats ticks in pastures. The forest-inhabiting solitary tinamou generally prefers small fruits and berries, collected on the ground. However, it may also devour a frog when it finds one. The members of the genus Nothoprocta are considered beneficial to agriculture…

procedural law: Pleadings: …rules now require only “notice pleadings,” in which the plaintiff gives “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief” and the defendant gives a “short and plain” statement of his defenses. For most actions, there is no requirement that legal theory…

Élie de Beaumont: In his work Notice sur les systèmes des montagnes (1852; “Review of Mountain Systems”), he summarized his theories on the origin of mountain ranges, attributing them to cataclysmic upheavals caused by the slow cooling and shrinking of Earth.

Gabriel García Márquez: Works: …Noticia de un secuestro (News of a Kidnapping).

Fernando del Paso: Noticias del imperio (1987; “News from the Empire”) is a re-creation of Mexican history, narrated in part by a madwoman who has witnessed 60 years of political and social upheaval, that blends realism with fantasy and horror; the novel has been called one of the…

chondrichthyan: Annotated classification: Suborder Notidanoidei Sharks having 6 or 7 gill openings. Anal fin present. Family Hexanchidae (cow sharks and 7-gilled sharks) Distinguished by presence of 6 gill slits; teeth of lower jaw strikingly unlike those of upper, the 5 or 6 on either side of the central tooth…

notifiable disease, any of various health conditions that, upon detection, are required to be reported to public health authorities. For certain diseases, namely those of an infectious nature, mandatory disease reporting plays a critical role in preventing and controlling the spread of disease in

William Rehnquist: In “The Notion of a Living Constitution” (1976), Rehnquist articulated the role of the court in a democratic society, concluding that judicial restraint and deference to lawmaking majorities are essential elements of a responsible judicial system. The liberal concept of a living constitution, he argued, constitutes…

Ada Lovelace: …de Charles Babbage” (1842; “Elements of Charles Babbage’s Analytical Machine”). Her detailed and elaborate annotations (especially her description of how the proposed Analytical Engine could be programmed to compute Bernoulli numbers) were excellent; “the Analytical Engine,” she said, “weaves algebraic patterns, just as the Jacquard-loom weaves flowers and leaves.”

Notitia Dignitatum, official list of all ancient Roman civil and military posts, surviving as a 1551 copy of the now-missing original. It is a major source of information on the administrative organization of the late Roman Empire—late 4th and early 5th centuries—and is divided into two sections,

Giorgione: Works: …art collections of Venice (Notizie d’opere del disegno), written between 1520 and 1543 by the Venetian patrician Marcantonio Michiel, contain references to pictures by Giorgione. This information occurs so shortly after the master’s death that it is considered generally reliable. Of the 12 paintings and 1 drawing listed, 5…

Bernt Notke was a sculptor, painter, and engraver who was one of the most important artists in eastern Germany and the surrounding area during the 15th century. His intense and expressionistic works were instrumental in the development of sculpture in Germany. In 1505 Notke was named Werkmeister of

Liège: Under Notger, its first prince-bishop, it grew in importance as a center of Liège principality and of the Mosan school of art and as a major European intellectual center. After it was granted a communal magistracy (1185) and citizens’ charter (1195), and the guilds were granted…

Latin literature: The 9th to the 11th century: Notker Balbulus, monk of St. Gall, was not the first to compose sequences, but his Liber hymnorum (“Book of Hymns”), begun about 860, is an integrated collection of texts that spans the whole of the church year in an ordered cycle. Performed between the biblical…

Noto, town and episcopal see, southeastern Sicily, Italy. It lies on the southern slopes of the Hyblaei Hills southwest of Syracuse. Noto was founded in 1703 about 4 miles (7 km) southeast of the Siculan and Roman city of Netum, which was destroyed in the earthquake of 1693. The town’s 18th-century

Noto Peninsula, peninsula in Ishikawa ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, jutting into the Sea of Japan and enclosing Toyama Bay. The largest peninsula on the northern Honshu coast, it extends northward for 50 miles (80 km) and has a width of about 19 miles (30 km). The peninsula is separated from

Noto Peninsula, peninsula in Ishikawa ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, jutting into the Sea of Japan and enclosing Toyama Bay. The largest peninsula on the northern Honshu coast, it extends northward for 50 miles (80 km) and has a width of about 19 miles (30 km). The peninsula is separated from

notochord, flexible rodlike structure of mesodermal cells that is the principal longitudinal structural element of chordates and of the early embryo of vertebrates, in both of which it plays an organizational role in nervous system development. In later vertebrate development, it becomes part of

prominent moth, (family Notodontidae), any of a group of moths (order Lepidoptera) that are characterized by projecting wing tufts in the adult and dorsal humps in the larva. The nocturnal moths have stout, hairy bodies and somewhat narrow forewings. Most species are dull gray, yellow, or brown and

biogeographic region: Notogaean realm: The Notogaean, or Australian, realm begins east of Lydekker’s Line and extends out into the Pacific Ocean (Figure 2). It consists of four regions: Australian, Oceanic, New Zealand, and Hawaiian. The faunas of many of the Pacific Islands, however, have as much in…

perciform: Annotated classification: Family Notograptidae Eel-shaped; dorsal and anal fins long-based and high, both confluent with caudal fin; pelvics 1-rayed, filamentous, placed before pectorals; body scaled, mouth large. 3 species; marine; western Australia. Family Opistognathidae (jawfishes) Resemble Clinidae, but jaws large to huge, extending far past eye;

annelid: Annotated classification: …cm; examples of genera: Capitella, Notomastus, Arenicola, Maldane, Axiothella. Order Flabelligerida Sedentary; setae of anterior segments directed forward to form a cephalic (head) cage; prostomium and peristome retractile, with 2 palpi and retractile branchiae; size, 1 to

backswimmer: The genus Notonecta, distributed worldwide, may be quite destructive to fishes and tadpoles. It will bite humans when handled, the bite feeling somewhat like a bee sting. Its eggs are deposited either on or in the plant tissue of pond vegetation. The grousewinged backswimmer, N. undulata, found…

backswimmer: The grousewinged backswimmer, N. undulata, found in North America, can often be seen swimming under the ice during the winter.

backswimmer, (family Notonectidae), any of a group of insects (order Heteroptera) that occur worldwide and are named for their ability to swim on their backs, which are shaped like the keel and sides of a boat. The backswimmer uses its long oarlike legs for propulsion and has an oval-shaped head

Caudata: Annotated classification: and Salamandra in Europe, Notophthalamus and Taricha in North America, and Cynops in Japan) and about 120 species. There is disagreement concerning the classification of salamanders below the ordinal level. Some authorities recognize no suborders, and some separate the genus

ice bug, (order Grylloblatodea), any of approximately 25 species of rare and primitive insects found in the mountains of Japan, western North America, and eastern Siberia. A pale, wingless creature 15 to 30 mm (0.6 to 1.2 inches) long, it has biting mouthparts, long antennae, and small compound

notopterid, any of about eight species of air-breathing, freshwater fishes constituting the family Notopteridae, found in quiet waters from Africa to Southeast Asia. Notopterids are long-bodied, small-scaled fishes with a small dorsal fin (if present) and a long, narrow anal fin that runs along

notopterid, any of about eight species of air-breathing, freshwater fishes constituting the family Notopteridae, found in quiet waters from Africa to Southeast Asia. Notopterids are long-bodied, small-scaled fishes with a small dorsal fin (if present) and a long, narrow anal fin that runs along

osteoglossomorph: Annotated classification: Suborder Notopteroidei Swim bladder connected with the skull; semicircular canals separate from lower part of ear or, if connected, utriculus greatly enlarged; no electric organs. †Family Lycopteridae Small freshwater fishes resembling hiodontiforms. 4 genera, 6 species. Early Cretaceous of northeastern Asia. Family

Alfred Hitchcock: The Hollywood years: Rebecca to Dial M for Murder: Notorious (1946) was much more polished. Written for the screen by Hecht, the espionage plot of Nazis in Rio de Janeiro and a hidden cache of uranium was secondary to the romance story. Alicia Huberman (Bergman), the dissolute daughter of a convicted Nazi spy, is…

The Notorious B.I.G. was an American rapper who was among the most influential artists of 1990s gangsta rap. Wallace grew up near the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. For most of his education, he attended Roman Catholic school, where he excelled, but he later persuaded his

the Byrds: …1967 during the making of The Notorious Byrd Brothers (1968). Parsons, who had attempted a country-rock marriage with his previous group, the International Submarine Band, was a Byrd for only five months in 1968. Nevertheless, Parsons’s Southern background and his passion for rural American music, including gospel and rhythm and…

Blake Edwards: Early life and work: …Operation Mad Ball (1957) and The Notorious Landlady (1962). At the same time, he began writing for television. His first films as a director were Bring Your Smile Along (1955) and He Laughed Last (1956), both of which starred Frankie Laine and were also written by Edwards. Other early efforts…

Conor McGregor is an Irish mixed martial artist who became the most famous name in the sport after winning Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) titles in two different weight classes in 2015–16. McGregor’s meteoric rise and worldwide celebrity has come with much controversy, the result of an

takahe, (Porphyrio hochstetteri), rare flightless bird of New Zealand that was thought to have become extinct in the late 1800s but that was rediscovered in 1948 in several remote valleys on South Island. Given that fewer than 250 mature birds remain and only on small islands, the International

marsupial: Classification: Order Notoryctemorphia (marsupial moles) Family Notoryctidae 2 species in 1 genus found in the deserts of central and western Australia. Order Microbiotheria (monito) Family

marsupial mole: typhlops and the 10-centimetre (4-inch) N. caurinus (by some not separated from N. typhlops) are remarkably like true moles. The forefeet bear triangular claws used in digging, and the skin of the blunt snout and stubby tail is leathery. The eyes are poorly developed and virtually hidden in the long…

marsupial mole: …marsupial mammals of the genus Notoryctes, comprising the family Notoryctidae. Found in hot sandy wastes of south-central and northwestern Australia, the 18-centimetre (7-inch) N. typhlops and the 10-centimetre (4-inch) N. caurinus (by some not separated from N. typhlops) are remarkably like true moles. The forefeet bear triangular claws used in…

marsupial mole, either of the two species of small marsupial mammals of the genus Notoryctes, comprising the family Notoryctidae. Found in hot sandy wastes of south-central and northwestern Australia, the 18-centimetre (7-inch) N. typhlops and the 10-centimetre (4-inch) N. caurinus (by some not

tadpole shrimp, (order Notostraca), any member of a small group of crustaceans (subclass Branchiopoda, phylum Arthropoda), composed of the genera Triops and Lepidurus. The approximately 10 known species are strictly freshwater forms, inhabiting lakes, ponds, and temporary pools, chiefly in Europe

tadpole shrimp, (order Notostraca), any member of a small group of crustaceans (subclass Branchiopoda, phylum Arthropoda), composed of the genera Triops and Lepidurus. The approximately 10 known species are strictly freshwater forms, inhabiting lakes, ponds, and temporary pools, chiefly in Europe

Antarctica: Biological resources: …of one species of Antarctic cod (Notothenia rossii) have been as high as 400,000 tons, prompting concerns about overfishing in Antarctic waters.

perciform: Annotated classification: Family Nototheniidae (Antarctic cods) Miocene to present; 17 genera with about 50 species, most in subantarctic waters; some species near Antarctic continent; a few in cold temperate zone, 1 species in rivers of southern South America. Mainly bottom dwellers of littoral zone, some deepwater species resemble…

Antarctica: Sea life: …species belong to the superfamily Notothenioidea, the Antarctic perches. At sea bottom there are also the Zoarcidae, or eel-pouts; the Liparidae, or sea snails; the Macrouridae, or rat-tailed fishes; and the Gadidae, or codlike fishes. Rare nonbony types in the Antarctic zone include hagfish and skates. Many species of deep-sea…

perciform: Annotated classification: Suborder Notothenioidei 5 families of codlike or sculpinlike percoids found mainly in the Antarctic, some in cold temperate Southern Hemisphere seas near Chile, Argentina, and New Zealand; suborder includes about 75 percent of all Antarctic fishes. Family Bovichthyidae About 11 species in subantarctic and south temperate…

bryophyte: Annotated classification: Order Notothyladales Consists of a single family and about 5 genera, including Notothylas. Order Phymatocerotales Consists of a single family and a single genus (Phymatoceros) with 2 species. Division Bryophyta (mosses

bryophyte: Annotated classification: …the sporangium ages, sometimes (in Notothylas) by decomposition of the sporangium jacket. Order Anthocerotales Characteristics are those of the class; widely distributed in temperate to tropical latitudes, with greatest diversity in the tropics and subtropics; containing 1 family and 6 or 7 genera. Order Dendrocerotales

Notoungulata, extinct group of hoofed mammals found as fossils, mostly in South America, although the oldest forms seem to have originated in East Asia. Notoungulates lived from the late Paleocene Epoch (about 57 million years ago) to the early part of the Pleistocene Epoch (some 1.8 million years

Notoungulata, extinct group of hoofed mammals found as fossils, mostly in South America, although the oldest forms seem to have originated in East Asia. Notoungulates lived from the late Paleocene Epoch (about 57 million years ago) to the early part of the Pleistocene Epoch (some 1.8 million years

Guy de Maupassant: Mature life and works of Guy de Maupassant: …“As Strong as Death”); and Notre coeur (1890; “Our Heart”).

Notre Dame Bay, inlet (55 miles [90 km] wide) of the Atlantic Ocean, indenting the northern coast of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, for 50 miles. It has an irregular shoreline and contains many islands. Fishing villages are scattered along the coast of the

American football: Knute Rockne and the influence of coaches: …and ’30s was Knute Rockne’s Notre Dame box, his refinement of the shift from the T to a box-shaped formation that was first developed by Stagg. A series of rule changes eventually rendered the box shift ineffective, but Rockne, football’s first celebrity coach, was less an innovator than a master…

Luxembourg: Notre-Dame Cathedral, a Gothic-style church, contains the tomb of John the Blind, king of Bohemia and count of Luxembourg from 1310 to 1346. Several members of the royal family and noted bishops are buried in the crypt.

Sister Julia McGroarty: …first American superior in the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur, whose efforts increased the scope and quality of Roman Catholic education in the United States.