Bhaktapur: …another square with the 18th-century Najatapola Dewai, or five-tiered temple, and a temple to Bhairava, guarded by two copper-gilt singhas (mythical lions). A local museum is devoted to the conservation of examples of fine woodwork of the past. Pop. (2001) mun., 72,543; (2011) mun., 83,658.

Najd, region, central Saudi Arabia, comprising a mainly rocky plateau sloping eastward from the mountains of the Hejaz. On the northern, eastern, and southern sides, it is bounded by the sand deserts of Al-Nafūd, Al-Dahnāʾ, and the Rubʿ al-Khali. It is sparsely settled, except for the fertile oases

Asia: The Precambrian: …rise mainly to the northwest–southeast-oriented Najd fault belt in central Saudi Arabia and the associated crustal extension along north-south–oriented faults that became especially prominent in the present-day Persian Gulf and the surrounding areas. The Najd faults were predominantly of the strike-slip variety that moved right-laterally during an initial interval of…

Henry II: …Edward the Black Prince at Najera (April 3, 1367). He obtained more French aid and captured Peter, whom he murdered on March 23, 1369.

Najib Razak is a Malaysian politician who served as prime minister of Malaysia from 2009 to 2018. Najib was born into a political family; his father, Abdul Razak, was Malaysia’s prime minister from 1970 to 1976, and his uncle, Hussein Onn, was prime minister from 1976 to 1981. Najib attended school

India: The Afghan-Maratha struggle for northern India: During most of this period, Najīb al-Dawlah was in charge of the dwindling empire, which was now effectively a regional kingdom of Delhi.

Najibullah was an Afghan military official who was president of Afghanistan from 1986 to 1992. The son of a prominent Pashtun family, Najibullah (who, like many Afghans, had only a single name) began studying medicine at Kabul University in 1964 and received his degree in 1975, but he never

Najin, city, Hamgyŏng-pukto (North Hamgyŏng province), northeastern North Korea. It is located on Najin Bay, on the East Sea (Sea of Japan). Protected by Taech’o and Soch’o islands, it has a good natural harbour and is a port city. Formerly a poor village, it developed rapidly after the

Ayyūb was the father of Saladin, and a member of a family of Kurdish soldiers of fortune who in the 12th century took service under the Seljuq Turkish rulers in Iraq and Syria. Appointed governor of Damascus, Ayyūb and his brother Shīrkūh united Syria in preparation for war against the crusaders.

Najrān, town, oasis, and minṭaqah (province), southern Asir region, southwestern Saudi Arabia, in the desert along the Yemen frontier. It is bounded by the provinces of Riyadh (north), Al-Sharqiyyah (east), and Asir (west). The province is composed of the Asir plateau (west), Najrān plateau

Najrān: …of the Asir plateau (west), Najrān plateau (center), and the Rubʿ al-Khali (“Empty Quarter”) desert (east).

Najʿ Ḥammādī, town in Qinā muḥāfaẓah (governorate), on the west bank of the Nile River, in Upper Egypt, on or near the site of the ancient town of Chenoboskion. It is a market town for the surrounding agricultural region, and it has a sugar refinery; an aluminum plant complex opened in 1975.

potassium: Properties, occurrence, and uses: Sodium-potassium alloy (NaK) is used to a limited extent as a heat-transfer coolant in some fast-breeder nuclear reactors and experimentally in gas-turbine power plants. The alloy is also used as a catalyst or reducing agent in organic synthesis.

Raila Odinga: Political maneuvers: …coalition of several parties, the National Alliance of Kenya (NAK), to form the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC) under the leadership of former vice president Mwai Kibaki, himself a Kikuyu. Although terms of agreement between the LDP and NAK were not completely revealed to the public, the two parties reportedly promised…

chronology: Japanese: Naka Michiyo (late 19th century) argued with minute detail about the question of Japanese chronology. His ideas were supplemented by those of other Japanese scholars, who pointed out that: (1) the reigns of the earlier Japanese emperors as stated in the Nihon shoki are unnaturally…

Shintō: Nature of humanity and other beliefs: …finite individuals, Shintōists also stress naka-ima (“middle present”), which repeatedly appears in the Imperial edicts of the 8th century. According to this point of view, the present moment is the very centre in the middle of all conceivable times. In order to participate directly in the eternal development of the…

Naqādah, town in Qinā muḥāfaẓah (governorate), in Upper Egypt. It lies on the west bank of the Nile River, in the great bend of the river, opposite Qūṣ. One of the oldest regions of Egypt, it is the site of a Neolithic town and burial grounds of the Predynastic period (before c. 2925 bce). It was

Nakae Chōmin was a noted writer who popularized the equalitarian doctrines of the French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau in Japan. As a result, Nakae is often considered the spiritual founder of the Japanese democratic movement. Early interested in Western learning, Nakae studied French and Dutch

Nakae Tōju was a neo-Confucian scholar who established in Japan the idealist thought of the Chinese philosopher Wang Yangming. Nakae was originally a follower of the teachings of the Chinese neo-Confucian Rationalist Zhu Xi, whose doctrines had become a part of the official ideology of the Japanese

Nakae Tōju was a neo-Confucian scholar who established in Japan the idealist thought of the Chinese philosopher Wang Yangming. Nakae was originally a follower of the teachings of the Chinese neo-Confucian Rationalist Zhu Xi, whose doctrines had become a part of the official ideology of the Japanese

Nakae Chōmin was a noted writer who popularized the equalitarian doctrines of the French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau in Japan. As a result, Nakae is often considered the spiritual founder of the Japanese democratic movement. Early interested in Western learning, Nakae studied French and Dutch

Nakagami Kenji was a prolific Japanese novelist whose writing was deeply influenced by his upbringing in a burakumin family. Nakagami was a rarity among modern Japanese writers in that he was not a college graduate, nor could he be described as an intellectual. Even more striking was his

Kurokawa Kishō: …in buildings such as the Nakagin Capsule Tower (1970–72) in Tokyo and the Sony Tower (1972–76) in Ōsaka. In the Capsule Tower, detachable spaces intended to be apartments or studios were installed on a concrete core, allowing the building to adapt to its changing needs.

Hokusai: Early years.: …a prestigious artisan family named Nakajima but was never accepted as an heir—possibly supporting the theory that, though the true son of Nakajima, he had been born of a concubine.

Godzilla: Godzilla was played by actor Nakajima Haru, who wore a monster suit weighing 200 pounds (90 kg). Godzilla was followed by numerous sequels and was remade in the United States in 1998. The original film was released in North America in 2004, winning praise from critics who had never seen…

Takamura Kōun was a Japanese sculptor who worked to preserve the art of wood carving. Takamura studied Buddhist sculpture under Takamura Tōun, later succeeding to his master’s art and name. He had to endure poverty in order to continue making wood sculpture, since ivory was the favoured medium of

Hiroshi Nakajima was a Japanese physician and director general of the World Health Organization (WHO; 1988–98). Nakajima studied at Tokyo Medical College, where he received a doctorate in 1954. He then went to the University of Paris, where he specialized in neuropsychopharmacology, the study of

White Volta River, headstream of the Volta River in West Africa. It rises north of Ouagadougou, in Burkina Faso, in a lowland between two massifs, and flows generally southward for about 400 miles (640 km) to empty into Lake Volta in Ghana, a large artificial reservoir created by the Volta River

Hitachinaka, city, eastern Ibaraki ken (prefecture), northern Honshu, Japan. It extends eastward from the Naka River to the Pacific Ocean, just east of Mito, the prefectural capital. The city was formed in 1994 by the merger of the former city of Katsuta with the smaller Nakaminato. For several

Nakamura Nakazō I was a Japanese kabuki actor who introduced male roles into the kabuki theatre’s dance pieces (shosagoto), which had been traditionally reserved for female impersonators. Nakamura was left an orphan and adopted at the age of five by the music master Nakamura Kojūrō and by O-Shun, a

Nakamura Nakazo III was a Kabuki actor who specialized in playing villains. He was the son of a female dancer of the Shigayama school and began his career performing at the Nakamura-za (Nakamura Theatre). His 1853 performance of Komori Yasu in Yowa nasake ukina no yokogushi was so widely acclaimed

Nakamura Utaemon, notable line of actors in the kabuki theatre of Japan. Nakamura Utaemon I (b. 1714—d. Nov. 23, 1791, Ōsaka, Japan) became well known for his performance of villains’ roles. His student Utaemon II (who, as is customary in Japanese tradition, assumed the name as well as the role of

Nakamura Utaemon: Nakamura Utaemon I (b. 1714—d. Nov. 23, 1791, Ōsaka, Japan) became well known for his performance of villains’ roles. His student Utaemon II (who, as is customary in Japanese tradition, assumed the name as well as the role of his master) later discarded that name,…

Nakamura Utaemon: His student Utaemon II (who, as is customary in Japanese tradition, assumed the name as well as the role of his master) later discarded that name, but Utaemon I’s son (b. March 31, 1778—d. Sept. 12, 1838, Ōsaka) assumed the name Utaemon III a few years after…

Nakamura Utaemon: …1838, Ōsaka) assumed the name Utaemon III a few years after his father’s death. An extremely versatile player who was a talented dancer and who could brilliantly perform the entire spectrum of male and onnagata (female impersonator) roles, Utaemon III became one of the most famous kabuki actors of his…

Nakamura Utaemon: His student and successor, Utaemon IV (b. 1798, Edo [now Tokyo]—d. March 8, 1852, Ōsaka), also showed remarkable versatility and was well known in his time.

Nakamura Utaemon: Utaemon V (b. Feb. 12, 1866, Edo—d. Sept. 12, 1940, Tokyo) became a leading actor in onnagata roles during the Meiji period and worked to ensure the artistic continuity of the kabuki theatre, which was threatened during that period of intense westernization. He also performed…

Shuji Nakamura is a Japanese-born American materials scientist who was awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics for inventing blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs). He shared the prize with Japanese materials scientists Akasaki Isamu and Amano Hiroshi. Nakamura received bachelor’s (1977) and master’s

anthropology: Anthropology in Asia: Nakane Chie of the University of Tokyo, trained after the war, has long been the best-known Japanese anthropologist outside Japan. Noteworthy in part as one of very few women of her generation in Japan to become a professor at a major Japanese university, Nakane was…

Tenji was the 38th emperor of Japan, from 668 to 672, and the ruler who freed the Japanese court from the domination of the Soga family. Tenji implemented a series of reforms that strengthened the central government in accord with the Chinese model and restored power to the emperor. The Soga family

Ōsaka-Kōbe metropolitan area: Street patterns: Nakanoshima, an island formed by arms of the Yodo River, contains City Hall, the Central Civic Hall, the Bank of Japan, and the headquarters of the Asahi Press and several large businesses. Until World War II the traditional commercial centres were Semba and Shimanouchi streets,…

Shōkadō Shōjō was a Japanese calligrapher and painter, one of the “three brushes” of the Kan-ei era. He was a priest and respected theologian of the Shingon sect of Buddhism, who declined high office and retired to the Takinomoto-bō, a small temple on the slope of Otoko-yama (Mt. Otoko) south of

Nōami was a Japanese poet, painter, and art critic, the first nonpriest who painted in the suiboku (“water-ink”), or Chinese, style. Nōami was in charge of the art collection of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, the military dictator who ruled Japan from 1368 to 1394, and was perhaps the first great art expert

Nakasone Yasuhiro was a Japanese politician who was leader of the Liberal-Democratic Party (LDP; 1982–89) and prime minister of Japan (1982–87). The son of a wealthy lumber dealer, Nakasone graduated (1941) from Tokyo Imperial University (now University of Tokyo) and served as a lieutenant in the

Japanese art: Asuka period: …were the Soga, Mononobe, and Nakatomi. Each of the clans was tied to the imperial line by providing wives for the emperors. They also provided increasingly specialized hereditary services to the court; for example, the Mononobe were warriors, the Soga tax administrators, and the Nakatomi masters of religious ritual.

Fujiwara Kamatari was the founder of the great Fujiwara family that dominated Japan from the 9th to the 12th centuries. In the early 7th century the powerful Soga family totally dominated the Japanese Imperial court. In 645, however, along with an Imperial prince who later reigned as the emperor

Nakatsu, city, Ōita ken (prefecture), northern Kyushu, Japan. It lies along the mouth of the Yamakuni River facing the Inland Sea. The city developed around a castle built in 1587 by the Kuroda daimyo family. Industrial development began with the introduction of textile manufacturing in 1896.

Shintō: Early clan religion and ceremonies: …kami’s world), Middle Land (Nakatsukuni, the present world), and the Hades (Yomi no Kuni, the world after death) were arranged in vertical order. The other view was a two-dimensional one in which this world and the Perpetual Country (Tokoyo, a utopian place far beyond the sea) existed in horizontal…

Nakauchi Isao was a Japanese businessman who, as the founder (1947) of the retail chain Daiei, changed the relationship between manufacturers and retailers through his pioneering development of private-brand products. Nakauchi opened his first Daiei Housewives Store, a drugstore, in the town of

Shintō: Formation of Sect Shintō: …“divine reason or wisdom”) by Nakayama Miki (1798–1887)—were based mostly on individual religious experiences and aimed at healing diseases or spiritual salvation. These sectarian Shintō groups, numbering 13 during the Meiji period (1868–1912), were stimulated and influenced by Restoration Shintō. They can be classified as follows:

Instruction of Catherine the Great, (Aug. 10 [July 30, old style], 1767), in Russian history, document prepared by Empress Catherine II that recommended liberal, humanitarian political theories for use as the basis of government reform and the formulation of a new legal code. The Instruction was

1948 Arab-Israeli War, an existential war fought between Israel and Arab forces from Egypt, Transjordan (Jordan), Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon. The war formally began on May 15, 1948, and ended on July 20, 1949, although it followed a civil war that began after the passage of United Nations partition

Nakbe, archaeological site in the dense tropical forest of northern Guatemala, thought to be one of the earliest ceremonial centres of Mayan culture. Nakbe was first identified by aerial photographs taken in 1930 and first studied (and named) by archaeologist Ian Graham in 1962. Systematic

Nakdong River, river, in the Yeongnam area of the provinces (do) of North Gyeongsang and South Gyeongsang, southeastern South Korea. Korea’s second longest river (325 miles [523 km]), it flows generally southward from the Taebaek Mountains and enters the Korea Strait at Dadaepo, a suburb of Busan.

Mike Leigh: It was followed by Naked (1993), a stark portrait of a disaffected loner that earned Leigh the best director prize at the Cannes film festival.

Talking Heads: …Heads’ final album was 1988’s Naked. The group then ceased to exist, its farewell unannounced.

David Sedaris: Naked (1997) included a portrait of his wisecracking perspicacious mother. In Me Talk Pretty One Day (2000), Sedaris anatomized failed attempts at communication. In 2001 he was awarded the Thurber Prize for American Humor.

The Naked and the Dead, novel by Norman Mailer, published in 1948 and hailed as one of the finest American novels to come out of World War II. The story concerns a platoon of 13 American soldiers who are stationed on the Japanese-held island of Anopopei in the Pacific. With almost journalistic

Raoul Walsh: Last films: …his most-daunting literary source with The Naked and the Dead (1958), adapted from Norman Mailer’s novel about a platoon of American soldiers trying to capture a Pacific island during World War II.

free-tailed bat: Except for the naked, or hairless, bat (Cheiromeles torquatus), which is almost hairless, they have short, velvety, usually dark fur.

naked mole rat, (Heterocephalus glaber), burrowing member of the rodent family Bathyergidae, named for its wrinkled pinkish skin and hairless bodily appearance. Their broad heads contain strong, muscular jaws that support four incisor teeth that are used for digging. They are renowned for their

Jamie Oliver: …to host his first series, The Naked Chef, in which he demonstrated how to simplify food preparation by using basic ingredients and cooking techniques.

Weegee: In 1945 Naked City, the first of Weegee’s five books, was published; the title and film rights were later sold to a Hollywood producer.

Jon Voight: …on such television shows as Naked City, The Defenders, Coronet Blue, and Gunsmoke. Voight’s first film appearance was in the title role of the low-budget Fearless Frank (1967), and he had a small part in John Sturges’s Hour of the Gun (1967) before he was cast in the

Jules Dassin: Early work: …and even more influential, was The Naked City (1948), a quasi-documentary police procedural filmed in New York City and starring Barry Fitzgerald and Howard Duff; it would be imitated dozens of times over the next 10 years, both in the cinema and on television. For Twentieth Century-Fox, Dassin next directed…

vaccine: Vaccine types: Another approach, called naked DNA therapy, involves injecting DNA that encodes a foreign protein into muscle cells. The cells produce the foreign antigen, which stimulates an immune response.

“Weird Al” Yankovic: Career: …in the films Tapeheads and The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad! In 1989 he cowrote and starred in UHF, a comedy film about a television station manager who scores big ratings with wacky programming ideas.

Nora Roberts: …book in the genre was Naked in Death. Extremely prolific, Roberts followed a very disciplined schedule of writing up to eight hours, five days per week. She sometimes finished a dozen publications annually, and in 2012 she released her 200th book, The Witness. Roberts’s novels were translated into more than…

Byron Haskin: …the South Seas, and in The Naked Jungle (1954), starring Charlton Heston and Eleanor Parker and also produced by Pal, a cocoa plantation in the Amazon rainforest is threatened by an immense infestation of ants. After making Long John Silver (1954), an Australian sequel to Haskin’s Treasure Island, Haskin and…

Samuel Fuller: Films of the 1960s and ’70s: The Naked Kiss was even more shocking, centred on a former prostitute (Constance Towers) who tries to attain respectability by moving to a quiet town but learns that her new boyfriend (Anthony Eisley) is a child molester. The opening scene, shot mostly in handheld point-of-view…

David Cronenberg: Rabid, The Fly, and Crash: Burroughs’s avant-garde novel Naked Lunch, he wrote and directed a surreal 1991 film of the same name that was based on the novel as well as on Burroughs’s life. With the romantic drama M. Butterfly (1993), starring Irons and set primarily in 1960s Beijing, Cronenberg brought to the…

American literature: Realism and metafiction: In The Naked Lunch (1959) and other novels, William S. Burroughs, abandoning plot and coherent characterization, used a drug addict’s consciousness to depict a hideous modern landscape. Vonnegut, Terry Southern, and John Hawkes were also major practitioners of black humour and the absurdist fable.

American literature: Realism and metafiction: In The Naked Lunch (1959) and other novels, William S. Burroughs, abandoning plot and coherent characterization, used a drug addict’s consciousness to depict a hideous modern landscape. Vonnegut, Terry Southern, and John Hawkes were also major practitioners of black humour and the absurdist fable.

The Naked Maja, oil painting created about 1795–1800 by influential Spanish artist Francisco Goya. This famously controversial painting, known in Spanish as La maja desnuda, is considered one of the artist’s masterpieces. It is likely that Goya painted The Naked Maja for Manuel de Godoy, nobleman

man orchid: The naked man orchid (O. italica), sometimes called Italian orchid, is native to the Mediterranean region. The pink, purple, or white flowers are densely clustered on a single thick stalk and resemble a hatted naked man. The petals and sepals that constitute the “hat” are often…

naked mole rat, (Heterocephalus glaber), burrowing member of the rodent family Bathyergidae, named for its wrinkled pinkish skin and hairless bodily appearance. Their broad heads contain strong, muscular jaws that support four incisor teeth that are used for digging. They are renowned for their

Nuruddin Farah: In his next novel, A Naked Needle (1976), Farah used a slight tale of interracial and cross-cultural love to reveal a lurid picture of postrevolutionary Somali life in the mid-1970s. He next wrote a trilogy—Sweet and Sour Milk (1979), Sardines (1981), and Close Sesame (1983)—about life under a particularly…

film: Lighting: …Ingmar Bergman’s Gycklarnas afton (1953; Sawdust and Tinsel, also called The Naked Night). Lighting an actor from above gives the face a spiritual effect; from below, an uncanny or evil appearance. Front lighting blurs faults but takes away character; side lighting gives relief and solidity but may show wrinkles and…

The Naked Prey, American adventure film, released in 1966, that Cornel Wilde starred in, directed, and produced. The film was inspired by the experiences of explorer John Colter, who was pursued by Blackfoot warriors through the American frontier in the early 1800s. The film is set in colonial

Vitaly Komar and Alex Melamid: …Soldier in creating an opera, Naked Revolution (1997). The work explored concepts of revolution and history through the dreams of a New York City cab driver.

Anthony Mann: The 1950s: westerns of Anthony Mann: The Naked Spur (1953), often considered the very best of Mann’s westerns, starred Stewart as a bounty hunter escorting a killer (Robert Ryan) through the Rockies. The strong supporting cast included Janet Leigh and Ralph Meeker, but the film’s special resonance can be credited to…

Vasco Pratolini: …important novel, Il quartiere (1944; The Naked Streets), offers a vivid, exciting portrait of a gang of Florentine adolescents. Cronaca familiare (1947; Two Brothers) is a tender story of Pratolini’s dead brother. Cronache di poveri amanti (1947; A Tale of Poor Lovers), which has been called one of the finest…

John Cleese: …perhaps his best-known film; and The Naked Wanderer (2019). In 1999 he first appeared in the recurring roles of R the gadget master and Nick the Nearly Headless Ghost in the James Bond and Harry Potter film series, respectively. He also did voice work in numerous films, including the Shrek…

Boris Pilnyak: …his novel Goly god (1922; The Naked Year) that brought him popularity. This book presents a panorama of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the Russian Civil War (1918–20) as seen through a series of flashbacks and close-ups encompassing all levels of society. Its fragmentary, chaotic style matches the character…

wombat: The common wombat has coarse dark hair and a bald, granular nose pad. It is common in woodlands of hilly country along the Dividing Range in southeastern Australia, from southeastern Queensland through New South Wales and Victoria into South Australia, and in Tasmania. In historic times…

bellbird: The naked-throated bellbird (P. nudicollis) has a green face and throat. These jay-sized, fruit-eating birds produce calls that can be heard for long distances.

ostariophysan: Annotated classification: Family Gymnotidae (nakedback knifefishes) Carnivorous group that includes electric eels. Body eel-like and scaleless with powerful electric organs. Size to 2.75 metres (about 9 feet), weight to 22 kg (48 pounds). Mexico, Central and South America. 2 genera, 33 species. Family Rhamphichthyidae Body greatly compressed, scaled. Elephant-like…

ancient Olympic Games: Events: …the athletes participated in the nude. Through the centuries, scholars have sought to explain this practice. Theories have ranged from the eccentric (to be nude in public without an erection demonstrated self-control) to the usual anthropological, religious, and social explanations, including the following: (1) nudity bespeaks a rite of passage,…

naker, small kettledrum that reached Europe from the Middle East in the 13th century, during the Crusades. Nakers were made of wood, metal, or clay and were sometimes equipped with snares. They were almost always played in pairs and were struck with hard sticks. They were probably tuned to high and

Nakh languages, languages spoken in the Caucasus in southwestern Russia and in the Akhmeta district of Georgia. The Nakh language group includes Chechen, Ingush, and Bats (Tsova-Tushian). Because Bats has no written form, its speakers use Georgian as their literary language. The Nakh group,

Armenia: The Arsacids: …chiefs of Armenian clans, called nakharars, held great power in Armenia, limiting and threatening the influence of the king.

Palm Jumeirah: …developer of Palm Jumeirah was Nakheel, a real estate company now owned by the government of Dubai. The master plan was drawn up by Helman Hurley Charvat Peacock, an American architectural firm. The islets were made mostly from sand dredged from the floor of the Persian Gulf, but the side…

Naxi, ethnic group of China who live mainly in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces; some live in Tibet. They speak a Tibeto-Burman language that is closely related to that of the Yi and were estimated in the early 21st century to number more than 300,000. The Naxi have two indigenous writing systems:

Naxçıvan, exclave and autonomous republic of Azerbaijan, in the southern part of the Transcaucasian plateau. It is bounded by Armenia to the north and east, Iran to the south and west, and Turkey to the west. The republic, which is mostly mountainous except for a plain in the west and southwest,

Naxçıvan, capital of the Naxçıvan autonomous republic, Azerbaijan. It lies along the Naxçıvan River about 170 miles (270 km) south-southeast of Tbilisi, Georgia. Naxçıvan is extremely old, dated by some archaeologists to about 1500 bce. Armenian tradition ascribes the founding of the city to Noah.

olivine: Meteorites and the Earth’s mantle: In the Nakhla (Egypt) meteorite (an achondrite meteorite), the olivine is more ferrous, however, containing as much as Fa65. In the chondrites (stony meteorites), the olivine is commonly incorporated in the distinctive spheroidal bodies referred to as chondrules, which range up to one millimetre in diameter.

achondrite: eucrites, howardites, lodranites, nakhlites, shergottites, and ureilites. The howardites, eucrites, and diogenites (HEDs) are from the large asteroid Vesta. The shergottites, nakhlites, and chassignites almost certainly came from Mars. In addition, a small group of achondrites are believed to be derived from the Moon.

Naḥman ben Simḥah of Bratslav was a Hasidic rabbi and teller of tales, founder of the Bratslaver Hasidic sect. The great-grandson of the Baʿal Shem Tov, the founder of the Hasidic movement, Naḥman was an ascetic from childhood. Married at age 13, he became a self-appointed religious leader and

Nakho-Dagestanian languages, group of languages spoken in the northeastern Caucasus Mountains. The Nakh division consists of the languages of the Chechen, Ingush, and Bats. The Dagestanian division is more multifarious and includes such groups as the Avar-Andi-Dido languages, the Lak-Dargin

Nakhodka, town, Primorsky kray (territory), extreme eastern Russia. It lies at the head of Nakhodka Bay on the Sea of Japan. Nakhodka (its name means “find,” or “godsend”) is an important centre for exports. It is also the terminus of a passenger ferry to Yokohama, Japan, and the base of a fishing