Lee Friedlander: One of his best-known photographs, New York City (1963; sometimes called Revolving Door), shows a man and a woman walking toward one another through two different revolving doors. Friedlander photographed them from outside a glass door, introducing yet another reflective surface and set of frames. The deliberate fragmentation and ambiguity…

New York City, city and port located at the mouth of the Hudson River, southeastern New York state, northeastern U.S. It is the largest and most influential American metropolis, encompassing Manhattan and Staten islands, the western sections of Long Island, and a small portion of the New York state

At the start of the decade, Paul Simon, Neil Diamond, and Lou Reed were among the hopeful young songwriters walking the warrenlike corridors and knocking on the glass-paneled doors of publishers in the Brill Building and its neighbours along Broadway. Only Diamond achieved significant success in

In the early 1970s the city of New York lapsed into bankruptcy, and the music business completed its move west, centring on Los Angeles. When New York City’s musical resurgence occurred at the end of the decade, it owed little to the tradition of craftsmanship in songwriting, engineering, and

By the 1980s the record business in New York City was cocooned in the major labels’ midtown Manhattan skyscraper offices, where receptionists were instructed to refuse tapes from artists who did not already have industry connections via a lawyer, a manager, or an accountant. Small labels such as

New York City Ballet, resident ballet company of the New York State Theatre at the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts. The company, first named Ballet Society, was founded in 1946 by the choreographer George Balanchine (artistic director) and Lincoln Kirstein (general director) as a private

Draft Riot of 1863, major four-day eruption of violence in New York City resulting from deep worker discontent with the inequities of conscription during the U.S. Civil War. Although labouring people in general supported the Northern war effort, they had no voice in Republican policy and

New York City Marathon, 26.2-mile footrace held every November through the five boroughs of New York City. The New York City Marathon often draws the largest number of participants of all annual marathons, and it is—with the Berlin, Boston, Chicago, London, and Tokyo marathons—one of the world’s

city mission: In the United States the New York City Mission and Tract Society began home visitations in the 1830s and founded its first mission station in 1852. The movement flourished in the late 19th century and was established in other countries in Europe, including France, the Netherlands, the Scandinavian countries, and…

Julius Rudel: …conductor or director of the New York City Opera, 1944–79.

George Metesky: …Inspector Howard Finney of the New York City Police’s crime lab turned to James A. Brussel, a private psychiatrist who had performed counterintelligence profiling work during World War II and the Korean War. Brussel developed an elaborate profile in December 1956 and predicted that the Mad Bomber was (1) a…

Elliott Erwitt: In 1955 his photo New York City, 1953, an image of his first wife and his six-day-old daughter, was included in the landmark exhibition “The Family of Man” at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, and it has since become one of the most iconic images from…

Columbia University: Its Teachers College (1887), with the city for a laboratory, is one of the best known in the nation, and the College of Physicians and Surgeons (1767), together with the Presbyterian Hospital and allied institutions, forms the nucleus of one of the country’s renowned medical centres.

Abigail Hopper Gibbons: …and was president of the New York Committee for the Prevention of State Regulation of Vice, established in opposition to proposals to license prostitution. She was in large part responsible for the legislation that created a women’s reformatory in New York City in 1892.

New York slave rebellion of 1741, a supposed large-scale scheme plotted by Black slaves and poor white settlers to burn down and take over New York City. Possibly fueled by paranoia, the city’s white population became convinced that a major rebellion was being planned. After a witch-hunt-like

Archie Shepp: …in 1963 Shepp formed the New York Contemporary Five (with trumpeter Don Cherry, alto saxophonist John Tchicai, and others), which subsequently toured in eastern and western Europe.

football: North and Central America and the Caribbean: …later and struggled until the New York Cosmos signed the Brazilian superstar Pelé in 1975. Other aging international stars soon followed, and crowds grew to European proportions, but a regular fan base remained elusive, and NASL folded in 1985. An indoor football tournament, founded in 1978, evolved into a league…

Bank Craps: New York Craps is a version of Bank Craps popular in the eastern United States, the Bahamas, and England. The table and layout, called a double-end dealer, are slightly different from those used in Bank Craps.

world’s fair: The Great Exhibition and its legacy: the golden age of fairs: The Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations, more commonly known as the New York Crystal Palace Exhibition, was held in 1853–54 in an iron-and-glass structure in Bryant Park. It showcased the same types of displays as its London counterpart but also included an especially impressive…

Latin Americans in Major League Baseball Through the First Years of the 21st Century: The 1930s through World War II: One such team was the New York Cubans (a team of black Latins, and not just Cubans). The Cubans played in the Negro leagues from 1935 to the early 1950s and won the championship in that pivotal year of 1947, when Jackie Robinson broke the colour barrier. Players included future…

NYSE Amex Equities, major U.S. stock exchange that also handles trades in options, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), corporate bonds, and other investment vehicles. Trading on NYSE Amex Equities—originally known as the “Curb” (because its transactions took place outdoors during much of its

NYSE Amex Equities, major U.S. stock exchange that also handles trades in options, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), corporate bonds, and other investment vehicles. Trading on NYSE Amex Equities—originally known as the “Curb” (because its transactions took place outdoors during much of its

Chester A. Arthur: Early life and career: The New York customhouse, which brought in the bulk of the nation’s tariff revenue, had long been conspicuous for flagrant use of the spoils system, by which Conkling’s political supporters were rewarded with government jobs. Although Arthur collected the customs duties with integrity, he continued the practice of…

New York Daily News, morning daily tabloid newspaper published in New York City, once the newspaper with the largest circulation in the United States. The New York Daily News was the first successful tabloid newspaper in the United States. It was founded in 1919 as the Illustrated Daily News by

Abigail Hopper Gibbons: …1873 she helped found the New York Diet Kitchen Association, which, upon a physician’s prescription, provided food to the ailing poor. She also helped establish the Protestant Asylum for Infants and was president of the New York Committee for the Prevention of State Regulation of Vice, established in opposition to…

the New York Dolls: …centre of the film documentary New York Doll (2005).

the New York Dolls, American band whose raw brand of glam rock revitalized the New York City underground music scene in the 1970s, foreshadowing punk rock by half a decade. The members were lead singer David Johansen (b. January 9, 1950, New York, New York, U.S.), lead guitarist Johnny Thunders

National Enquirer, American weekly newspaper best known for its celebrity gossip, crime news, and investigative reporting. The Enquirer is commonly termed a “supermarket tabloid” because of its wide availability at grocery-store checkout counters. It is also sold on newsstands and through

E. L. Godkin: …Henry Villard, owner of the New York Evening Post. The Nation then became a weekly edition of the Post. Godkin was the Post’s editor in chief from 1883 until his retirement in 1900.

Gisele Bündchen: …made her runway debut at New York Fashion Week—one of the industry’s four major semiannual events. In 1997 Bündchen appeared on the cover of the Brazilian edition of the leading fashion magazine Vogue (October), gaining industry recognition. Despite a more curvaceous figure that stood in stark contrast to the waifish…

New York Film Festival, noncompetitive film festival held annually at Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in New York City. It is considered to be one of the most prestigious film festivals in the United States. The New York Film Festival was first held in 1963 and featured films from the United

Peter Eisenman: …as one of the “New York Five,” along with future postmodernists Richard Meier and Michael Graves.

William Bradford: …first New York newspaper, the New York Gazette. Many of his descendants were also printers.

New York Giants, American professional football team based in East Rutherford, New Jersey. The Giants have won four National Football League (NFL) championships (1927, 1934, 1938, and 1956) and four Super Bowls (1987, 1991, 2008, and 2012). The Giants were noted for their early successes and for

San Francisco Giants, American professional baseball team based in San Francisco. The Giants have won eight World Series titles and 23 National League (NL) pennants. The franchise that would become the Giants was established in 1883 in New York City and was initially known as the Gothams. In 1885

Harlem Globetrotters, predominantly Black professional U.S. basketball team that plays exhibition games all over the world, drawing large crowds to see the players’ spectacular ball handling and humorous antics. The team was organized in Chicago in 1926 as the all-Black Savoy Big Five. Sports

San Francisco Giants, American professional baseball team based in San Francisco. The Giants have won eight World Series titles and 23 National League (NL) pennants. The franchise that would become the Giants was established in 1883 in New York City and was initially known as the Gothams. In 1885

Anita Loos: …film of her first scenario, The New York Hat, was produced in 1912 by D.W. Griffith and starred Mary Pickford and Lionel Barrymore. By the age of 20 Loos was a professional screenwriter, and she eventually worked on more than 60 silent films.

Audre Lorde: …Other People Live (1973) and New York Head Shop and Museum (1974), were more rhetorical and political.

New York Herald, American daily newspaper published from 1835 to 1924 in New York City. It was one of the first papers created in the penny-press movement, and it developed many aspects of modern American journalism, including nonpartisan political reporting and business coverage. The Herald was

New York Herald, American daily newspaper published from 1835 to 1924 in New York City. It was one of the first papers created in the penny-press movement, and it developed many aspects of modern American journalism, including nonpartisan political reporting and business coverage. The Herald was

New York Yankees, American professional baseball team based in the borough of the Bronx in New York City. One of the most famous and successful franchises in all of sports, the Yankees have won a record 27 World Series titles and 40 American League (AL) pennants. The franchise began in 1901 in

On May 30, 2024, Donald Trump became the first former U.S. president to be convicted of criminal charges after a New York jury convicted him on 34 felony counts of falsifying business records. The charges related to Trump’s alleged attempts “to conceal damaging information and unlawful activity”

Elizabeth Blackwell: …enlarged, was incorporated as the New York Infirmary for Women and Children. In January 1859, during a year-long lecture tour of Great Britain, she became the first woman to have her name placed on the British medical register. At the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, she helped…

New York Islanders, American professional ice hockey team based in Brooklyn, New York, that plays in the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The Islanders have won four Stanley Cup titles (1980–83). Founded in 1972, the Islanders—based in Uniondale, New York, for their first 42

New York Jets, American professional football team based in Florham Park, New Jersey, that plays in the National Football League (NFL). Behind the play of future Hall of Fame quarterback Joe Namath, the Jets won a historic upset in the 1969 Super Bowl over the Baltimore Colts. The Jets share a home

New York World: …Randolph Hearst bought the competing New York Journal in 1895, he lured Pulitzer’s celebrated Sunday newspaper staff to the Journal with the promise of raises; all but one secretary accepted Hearst’s offer. Pulitzer lured them back to the World with raises of his own, but then Hearst made a counteroffer,…

New York World: …Randolph Hearst bought the competing New York Journal in 1895, he lured Pulitzer’s celebrated Sunday newspaper staff to the Journal with the promise of raises; all but one secretary accepted Hearst’s offer. Pulitzer lured them back to the World with raises of his own, but then Hearst made a counteroffer,…

baseball: Early years: …New York City, organized the New York Knickerbocker Base Ball Club, which formulated a set of rules for baseball, many of which still remain. The rules were much like those for rounders, but with a significant change in that the runner was put out not by being hit with the…

New York Knicks, American professional basketball team based in New York City. The Knicks (which is a shortened version of their official nickname, Knickerbockers) have won two National Basketball Association (NBA) championships (1970 and 1973) and are among the most lucrative franchises in

New York Knicks, American professional basketball team based in New York City. The Knicks (which is a shortened version of their official nickname, Knickerbockers) have won two National Basketball Association (NBA) championships (1970 and 1973) and are among the most lucrative franchises in

Sara Payson Willis Parton: …she was engaged by the New York Ledger to write a weekly column for the unprecedented sum of $100 each; she maintained that association for the rest of her life. Willis was not only one of the first woman columnists in the field of journalism, but she was also one…

New York Liberty, American professional basketball team based in Brooklyn, New York, that plays in the Eastern Conference of the Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA). The team has appeared in the WNBA finals five times (1997, 1999, 2000, 2002, and 2023). One of the original eight WNBA

Milton Glaser: …served as art director of New York Magazine (1968–76), which he cofounded with Clay Felker. From 1975 to 1977 Glaser was vice president and design director of the Village Voice. As his career progressed over the last half of the 20th century, his range of design activities came to encompass…

New York Manumission Society, early abolitionist group (founded 1785) that worked to end the slave trade in New York, to ban slavery, to gradually emancipate slaves, and to protect and defend free people of colour. The group provided both legal and financial aid to those ends. The society’s desire

New York City Marathon, 26.2-mile footrace held every November through the five boroughs of New York City. The New York City Marathon often draws the largest number of participants of all annual marathons, and it is—with the Berlin, Boston, Chicago, London, and Tokyo marathons—one of the world’s

New York Mets, American professional baseball team based in Flushing, Queens, New York. The Mets have won two World Series championships (1969 and 1986) and five National League (NL) pennants. The Mets trace their roots to the proposed Continental League, whose formation was announced in 1959 by

New York World: …Randolph Hearst bought the competing New York Journal in 1895, he lured Pulitzer’s celebrated Sunday newspaper staff to the Journal with the promise of raises; all but one secretary accepted Hearst’s offer. Pulitzer lured them back to the World with raises of his own, but then Hearst made a counteroffer,…

American Basketball Association: …ABA, with four ABA teams—the New York Nets, the Denver Nuggets, the San Antonio Spurs, and the Indiana Pacers—absorbed into the NBA, a dispersal draft of certain ABA players by NBA teams, and the remaining players granted permission to act as free agents.

New York Philharmonic, symphony orchestra based in New York, New York, the oldest major symphony orchestra in the United States in continual existence and one of the oldest in the world. Founded in 1842 as the Philharmonic Society of New York under the conductorship of American-born Ureli Corelli

Murray Kempton: …and then columnist with the New York Post from the 1940s. His political and social commentaries, noted for their uniquely rich and elegant style, moral insight, and sense of fair play, touched on many subjects, especially current affairs. Excepting two periods when he left the Post, he continued there until…

New York Public Library (NYPL), one of the great libraries of the world and the largest city public library in the United States. It was established in 1895 through the consolidation of the privately endowed Lenox and Astor libraries and the $2,000,000 Tilden Foundation trust. The library’s central

New York Rangers, American professional ice hockey team based in New York City. One of the oldest teams in the National Hockey League (NHL), the Rangers play in the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference. The team has won the Stanley Cup, the NHL’s championship trophy, four times (1928, 1933,

New York Rens, American professional basketball team that was among the most accomplished and storied teams in the history of the game. The Rens, an African American-owned all-Black team based in the Harlem section of New York City during the era of segregated basketball teams, won the first world

New York Rens, American professional basketball team that was among the most accomplished and storied teams in the history of the game. The Rens, an African American-owned all-Black team based in the Harlem section of New York City during the era of segregated basketball teams, won the first world

literary criticism: Functions: … (London) Times Literary Supplement and The New York Review of Books, are far from indulgent toward popular works. Sustained criticism can also be found in monthlies and quarterlies with a broad circulation, in “little magazines” for specialized audiences, and in scholarly journals and books.

New York school, those painters who participated in the development of contemporary art from the early 1940s in or around New York City. During and after World War II, leadership in avant-garde art shifted from war-torn Europe to New York, and the New York school maintained a dominant position in

Joseph Papp: …York City, Papp founded the New York Shakespeare Festival, which became a unique institution in the New York theatrical milieu. The festival gave free performances of Shakespearean plays in various locations around the city, including outdoor productions in Central Park. (In 1962 the company received a newly built, permanent home…

Joseph Papp: In 1967 he founded the New York Shakespeare Festival Public Theater, which concentrated on contemporary and experimental dramas. Several of its productions eventually traveled to Broadway, including Hair (1967), Sticks and Bones (1971), That Championship Season (1972), and A Chorus Line (1975). The latter musical became one of the longest-running…

New York slave rebellion of 1712, a violent insurrection of slaves in New York City that resulted in brutal executions and the enactment of harsher slave codes. The population of New York City in 1712 numbered between 6,000 and 8,000 people, of whom approximately 1,000 were slaves. Unlike Southern

New York slave rebellion of 1741, a supposed large-scale scheme plotted by Black slaves and poor white settlers to burn down and take over New York City. Possibly fueled by paranoia, the city’s white population became convinced that a major rebellion was being planned. After a witch-hunt-like

New York Manumission Society, early abolitionist group (founded 1785) that worked to end the slave trade in New York, to ban slavery, to gradually emancipate slaves, and to protect and defend free people of colour. The group provided both legal and financial aid to those ends. The society’s desire

New York State Canal System, system of state-owned, state-operated waterways, 524 miles (843 km) in length, linking the Hudson River with Lake Erie, with extensions to Lakes Ontario and Champlain and Cayuga and Seneca lakes (in the Finger Lakes region). It incorporates the Erie Canal, from Troy via

New York State Canal System, system of state-owned, state-operated waterways, 524 miles (843 km) in length, linking the Hudson River with Lake Erie, with extensions to Lakes Ontario and Champlain and Cayuga and Seneca lakes (in the Finger Lakes region). It incorporates the Erie Canal, from Troy via

George Meany: …a vice president of the New York State Federation of Labor, and he served as its president from 1934 to 1939. His work moved to the national level with his 1939 election as secretary-treasurer of the American Federation of Labor (AFL). Upon the death of William Green in 1952, Meany…

gun control: Gun control in the United States: In New York State Rifle and Pistol Association v. Bruen (2022), however, the Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment guarantees an individual right to carry firearms outside the home for the purpose of self-defense.

New York: Transportation: The Thruway connects at Albany to the Adirondack Northway, which extends northward to Canada. In central New York a major highway runs from the Pennsylvania state line to Canada, passing through Binghamton, Syracuse, and Watertown. At Syracuse this route intersects with the Thruway, maintaining the city…

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), one of the world’s largest marketplaces for securities and other exchange-traded investments. The exchange evolved from a meeting of 24 stockbrokers under a buttonwood tree in 1792 on what is now Wall Street in New York City. It was formally constituted as the New

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), one of the world’s largest marketplaces for securities and other exchange-traded investments. The exchange evolved from a meeting of 24 stockbrokers under a buttonwood tree in 1792 on what is now Wall Street in New York City. It was formally constituted as the New

Woody Allen: The 1980s: …humorous contribution to the triptych New York Stories (1989)—“Oedipus Wrecks,” about an attorney whose nagging mother (Mae Questel) transmogrifies into an omniscient spectre—was widely acknowledged to be the film’s strongest segment. Allen’s next project, Crimes and Misdemeanors (1989), ranks among his finest films. An ambitious Fyodor Dostoyevsky-like meditation on the…

graphic design: Postwar graphic design in the United States: In a 1947 poster promoting New York subway advertising, for example, Rand created a design from elemental geometric forms and colours that can be read as both an abstracted figure as well as a target, conveying the concept that one can “hit the bull’s-eye,” or reach potential audiences for plays,…

New York Sun, daily newspaper published from 1833 to 1950 in New York City, long one of the most influential of American newspapers. The Sun was the first successful penny daily newspaper in the United States. The name was revived for a print and online newspaper in the early 21st century. The New

Laura Nyro: …the Thirteenth Confession (1968) and New York Tendaberry (1969). Nyro incorporated a diversity of influences in her writing and performing, drawing on rhythm and blues, soul, gospel, folk, jazz, and Brill Building- and Tin Pan Alley-style pop. Despite “retiring” from the music scene twice in the 1970s, Nyro continued to…

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, legal case in which, on March 9, 1964, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously (9–0) that, for a libel suit to be successful, the complainant must prove that the offending statement was made with “ ‘actual malice’—that is, with knowledge that it was false or with

Adolph Simon Ochs: …began in 1913 to publish The New York Times Index, the only complete U.S. newspaper index.

The New York Times, morning daily newspaper published in New York City, long the newspaper of record in the United States and one of the world’s great newspapers. Its strength is in its editorial excellence; it has never been the largest newspaper in terms of circulation. The Times was established

New York Jets, American professional football team based in Florham Park, New Jersey, that plays in the National Football League (NFL). Behind the play of future Hall of Fame quarterback Joe Namath, the Jets won a historic upset in the 1969 Super Bowl over the Baltimore Colts. The Jets share a home

Charles Vidor: Rita Hayworth: Cover Girl and Gilda: In the romantic comedy New York Town (1941), Fred MacMurray played a photographer in New York City who befriends a newly arrived woman (Mary Martin) and helps her locate the city’s eligible males while at the same time falling in love with her. Less successful was The Tuttles of…

Margaret Fuller: …critic on Greeley’s newspaper, the New York Tribune. She encouraged American writers and crusaded for social reforms but made her greatest contribution, she thought, as an interpreter of modern European literature.

Paul Auster: …detective stories published collectively as The New York Trilogy (1987). It comprises City of Glass (1985), about a crime novelist who becomes entangled in a mystery that causes him to assume various identities; Ghosts (1986), about a private eye known as Blue who is investigating a man named Black for…

New York University, private institution of higher learning in New York, New York, U.S., that includes 13 schools, colleges, and divisions at five major centres in the borough of Manhattan. It was founded in 1831 as the University of the City of New York, its school of law established in 1835 and

Lawrence Rhodes: …at the New York University Tisch School of the Arts, where he eventually became chairman of the dance department. From 1989 to 1999 he was artistic director of Les Grands Ballets Canadiens. In 2002 Rhodes became artistic director of the Juilliard School’s dance division; he held the post until 2017.

New York v. Cathedral Academy, case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on December 6, 1977, ruled (6–3) that a New York statute that allowed nonpublic schools—including those with religious affiliations—to be reimbursed for state-mandated services was a violation of the establishment clause, which

child pornography: …the Supreme Court affirmed in New York v. Ferber (1982).

confession: Confession in contemporary U.S. law: Shortly thereafter, in New York v. Quarles (1984), the court approved a “public safety” exception to the Miranda requirements, under which confessions obtained in violation of Miranda are admissible if the police officers’ questions were “reasonably prompted by a concern for the public safety.” Another noteworthy weakening of…

John Peter Zenger: …his first issue of the New York Weekly Journal—the political organ of a group of residents who opposed the policies of the colonial governor William Cosby. Although many of the articles were contributed by his more learned colleagues, Zenger was still legally responsible for their content as publisher. For a…

New York World, daily newspaper published in New York City from 1860 to 1931, a colourful and vocal influence in American journalism in its various manifestations under different owners. The World was established in 1860 as a penny paper with a basically religious orientation. It supported

world’s fair: Modernism and Cold War rivalries: …in Chicago (1933–34) and the New York World’s Fair (1939–40) were both exciting examples of Art Deco architecture and fairs designed to take fairgoers’ minds off the Great Depression by suggesting the wonderful future that awaited them once the hard times were over. While the hopefulness of the New York…

world’s fair: Modernism and Cold War rivalries: …of this era was the New York World’s Fair of 1964–65, which adopted “Peace through understanding” as its theme. While one might have expected there to be a strong Cold War atmosphere at that fair, this was not the case. The BIE had refused to sanction the fair because of…

New York Herald, American daily newspaper published from 1835 to 1924 in New York City. It was one of the first papers created in the penny-press movement, and it developed many aspects of modern American journalism, including nonpartisan political reporting and business coverage. The Herald was