Leo McCarey was an American director and writer who was perhaps best known for his light comedies, notably the classics Duck Soup (1933) and The Awful Truth (1937), but who also made several popular romances and sentimental films. McCarey graduated from the University of Southern California law

Leo McCarey was an American director and writer who was perhaps best known for his light comedies, notably the classics Duck Soup (1933) and The Awful Truth (1937), but who also made several popular romances and sentimental films. McCarey graduated from the University of Southern California law

Las Vegas: Wartime and early postwar growth: Nevada Senator Pat McCarran successfully lobbied the federal government to establish two major installations near Las Vegas in 1941: a magnesium-processing plant southeast of the city in Henderson and a military airfield just to the northeast. The latter, now Nellis Air Force Base, eventually grew to occupy…

Brat Pack: New York magazine and the Brat Pack label: …Cruise, Penn, Hutton, Matt Dillon, Andrew McCarthy, and Nicolas Cage. Blum did not include any actresses, only briefly mentioning Demi Moore (a St. Elmo’s Fire cast member) and Melissa Gilbert (former star of the TV show Little House on the Prairie) in terms of their romances with Estevez and Lowe,…

Cormac McCarthy was an American writer in the Southern gothic tradition whose novels about wayward characters in the rural American South and Southwest are noted for their dark violence, dense prose, and stylistic complexity. McCarthy attended the University of Tennessee at Knoxville and served in

Edgar Bergen: …foil of his ventriloquist’s dummy Charlie McCarthy. The Edgar Bergen-Charlie McCarthy Show was a permanent fixture on American network radio from 1937 until 1957. Other characters created by Bergen, such as Mortimer Snerd and Effie Klinker, were woven into the perennially popular program, which was rated as radio’s most popular…

radio: Sports: …in vocal quality was gravel-voiced Clem McCarthy, whose main interest was horse racing. McCarthy frequently covered the Kentucky Derby, memorably calling the victories of Seabiscuit and Whirlaway. McCarthy covered boxing as well, a highlight being his passionate description of Joe Louis’s victory over Max Schmeling in 1938. Also popular was…

Cormac McCarthy was an American writer in the Southern gothic tradition whose novels about wayward characters in the rural American South and Southwest are noted for their dark violence, dense prose, and stylistic complexity. McCarthy attended the University of Tennessee at Knoxville and served in

Eugene McCarthy was a U.S. senator, whose entry into the 1968 race for the Democratic presidential nomination ultimately led President Lyndon B. Johnson to drop his bid for reelection. McCarthy graduated from St. John’s University (Collegeville, Minnesota) in 1935, then taught high school while

Eugene McCarthy was a U.S. senator, whose entry into the 1968 race for the Democratic presidential nomination ultimately led President Lyndon B. Johnson to drop his bid for reelection. McCarthy graduated from St. John’s University (Collegeville, Minnesota) in 1935, then taught high school while

Eugene McCarthy was a U.S. senator, whose entry into the 1968 race for the Democratic presidential nomination ultimately led President Lyndon B. Johnson to drop his bid for reelection. McCarthy graduated from St. John’s University (Collegeville, Minnesota) in 1935, then taught high school while

John McCarthy was an American mathematician and computer scientist who was a pioneer in the field of artificial intelligence (AI); his main research in the field involved the formalization of commonsense knowledge. McCarthy received a bachelor’s degree in mathematics (1948) from the California

Joseph McCarthy was an American politician who served in the U.S. Senate (1947–57), representing Wisconsin, and who lent his name to the term McCarthyism. He dominated the U.S. political climate in the early 1950s through his sensational but unproven charges of communist subversion in high

Joseph McCarthy was an American politician who served in the U.S. Senate (1947–57), representing Wisconsin, and who lent his name to the term McCarthyism. He dominated the U.S. political climate in the early 1950s through his sensational but unproven charges of communist subversion in high

Kevin McCarthy is an American Republican politician and member of the U.S. House of Representatives, who became speaker of the House in January 2023 but was ousted in historic fashion later that year, on October 3. McCarthy is the youngest of three children of a homemaker mother and an assistant

Kevin McCarthy is an American Republican politician and member of the U.S. House of Representatives, who became speaker of the House in January 2023 but was ousted in historic fashion later that year, on October 3. McCarthy is the youngest of three children of a homemaker mother and an assistant

Mary McCarthy was an American critic and novelist whose fiction is noted for its wit and acerbity in analyzing the finer moral nuances of intellectual dilemmas. McCarthy, whose family belonged to all three major American religious traditions—Protestant, Roman Catholic, and Jewish—was left an orphan

Mary McCarthy was an American critic and novelist whose fiction is noted for its wit and acerbity in analyzing the finer moral nuances of intellectual dilemmas. McCarthy, whose family belonged to all three major American religious traditions—Protestant, Roman Catholic, and Jewish—was left an orphan

Melissa McCarthy is an American actress known for roles that highlight her gift for physical comedy and raunchy one-liners. McCarthy was brought up on an Illinois farm. After she graduated from high school, she began performing as a stand-up comic in New York City at such notable clubs as Stand Up

Melissa McCarthy is an American actress known for roles that highlight her gift for physical comedy and raunchy one-liners. McCarthy was brought up on an Illinois farm. After she graduated from high school, she began performing as a stand-up comic in New York City at such notable clubs as Stand Up

Spotlight: Director Tom McCarthy won an Academy Award for his script (co-written with Josh Singer) for the movie, which won praise not only from critics and audiences but also from the staff of The Boston Globe, which commended the film for the accuracy with which it depicted…

McCarthyism, name given to the period of time in American history that saw U.S. Sen. Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin produce a series of investigations and hearings during the 1950s in an effort to expose supposed communist infiltration of various areas of the U.S. government. The term has since

Linda McCartney was an American photographer and musician who was widely known for her marriage to musician Paul McCartney, a former member of the immensely popular rock band the Beatles. Alongside her work as a photographer, McCartney was a noted animal rights activist and vegetarian, authoring

Linda McCartney was an American photographer and musician who was widely known for her marriage to musician Paul McCartney, a former member of the immensely popular rock band the Beatles. Alongside her work as a photographer, McCartney was a noted animal rights activist and vegetarian, authoring

Linda McCartney was an American photographer and musician who was widely known for her marriage to musician Paul McCartney, a former member of the immensely popular rock band the Beatles. Alongside her work as a photographer, McCartney was a noted animal rights activist and vegetarian, authoring

Paul McCartney is a British vocalist, songwriter, composer, bass player, poet, and painter whose work with the Beatles in the 1960s helped lift popular music from its origins in the entertainment business and transform it into a creative, highly commercial art form. He is also one of the most

Paul McCartney is a British vocalist, songwriter, composer, bass player, poet, and painter whose work with the Beatles in the 1960s helped lift popular music from its origins in the entertainment business and transform it into a creative, highly commercial art form. He is also one of the most

Stella McCartney is a British fashion designer known primarily for her fur-free and leather-free apparel as well as for her celebrity-studded clientele. Stella McCartney was the daughter of Sir Paul McCartney (a former Beatle) and Linda McCartney, a noted photographer and animal-rights activist.

El Malpais National Monument, high-valley lava flow area, Cibola county, west-central New Mexico, U.S., about 15 miles (24 km) southwest of Grants. The area covered by black lava flow extends about 133 square miles (344 square km), although the monument itself covers 179 square miles (464 square

Aurora, city, Kane and DuPage counties, northeastern Illinois, U.S. It lies on the Fox River, about 40 miles (65 km) west of Chicago. Founded in 1834 by settlers from New York, it was originally known as McCarty’s Mills. A trading point and mill site near a Potawatomi Indian village, the town was

Remembering the American Civil War: George Frederick Root: The Battle-Cry of Freedom; and Harry McCarty: The Bonnie Blue Flag: Every war manifests its spirit in songs. One of the most popular songs of the North was “The Battle-Cry of Freedom,” composed by George Frederick Root, a professional songwriter. The song was written a few hours after Pres. Abraham…

Billy the Kid was an American outlaw who was one of the most notorious gunfighters of the American West. Although he claimed to have killed 21 men, the actual number is likely less than 10. At about age 21, Billy the Kid was gunned down by Sheriff Pat Garrett. Born on New York City’s East Side,

the Yardbirds: November 11, 1946, London), drummer Jim McCarty (b. July 25, 1943, Liverpool, Merseyside), bassist Paul Samwell-Smith (b. May 8, 1943, London), and guitarist Anthony (“Top”) Topham (b. July 3, 1947, Southall, Middlesex). Later members were Jeff Beck (b. June 24, 1944, Wallington, Surrey) and Jimmy Page (b. January 9, 1944,…

Maclyn McCarty was an American biologist who, with Oswald Avery and Colin M. MacLeod, provided the first experimental evidence that the genetic material of living cells is composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). McCarty attended Stanford University (B.S., 1933) and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine

Boyz II Men: ), Michael McCary (in full Michael Sean McCary; b. December 16, 1971, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.), Shawn Stockman (in full Shawn Patrick Stockman; b. September 26, 1972, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.), and Wanya Morris (in full Wanyá Jermaine Morris; b. July 29, 1973, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.).

Boyz II Men: ), Michael McCary (in full Michael Sean McCary; b. December 16, 1971, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.), Shawn Stockman (in full Shawn Patrick Stockman; b. September 26, 1972, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.), and Wanya Morris (in full Wanyá Jermaine Morris; b. July 29, 1973, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.).

Claire McCaskill is an American Democratic politician who represented Missouri in the U.S. Senate from 2007 to 2019. She was the first woman to be elected senator for that state. McCaskill’s family lived in several cities before settling in Columbia, Missouri. She attended the University of

San Quentin State Prison: Early history: …increased during the lease of John F. McCauley, and the state used “force” to assume control of the prison in 1858. The following year McCauley successfully sued to reclaim the seized property. However, his return to San Quentin proved short-lived as he accepted a settlement from California in August 1860…

Rosa Parks was an American civil rights activist whose refusal to relinquish her seat on a public bus precipitated the 1955–56 Montgomery bus boycott in Alabama, which became the spark that ignited the civil rights movement in the United States. Born to parents James McCauley, a skilled stonemason

Molly Pitcher was a heroine of the Battle of Monmouth during the American Revolution. According to legend, at the Battle of Monmouth (June 28, 1778), Mary Hays, wife of artilleryman William Hays, carried water to cool both the cannon and the soldiers in her husband’s battery—hence the nickname

Molly Pitcher was a heroine of the Battle of Monmouth during the American Revolution. According to legend, at the Battle of Monmouth (June 28, 1778), Mary Hays, wife of artilleryman William Hays, carried water to cool both the cannon and the soldiers in her husband’s battery—hence the nickname

Richie McCaw is a New Zealand rugby player who competed in a world-record 148 Test (international) matches and led his country’s national team, the All Blacks, to two Rugby Union World Cups (2011 and 2015). McCaw grew up on his family’s farm in the Hakataramea Valley and played rugby for the local

Winsor McCay was an American newspaper cartoonist who was also a pioneer of animated films. At age 21, McCay started working as a poster and billboard artist for a Chicago company. In 1904, after working as an illustrator and cartoonist for various newspapers in Chicago, in Cincinnati, Ohio, and in

Stanley McChrystal is a U.S. Army general who served as commander of U.S. and NATO forces in Afghanistan (2009–10). McChrystal was born to a military family, and his father attained the rank of major general during the post-World War II occupation of Germany. The younger McChrystal attended the

Anne McClain is an American astronaut who spent 204 days in space aboard the International Space Station (ISS) from December 2018 to June 2019. McClain graduated in 2002 from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, New York, with a bachelor’s in mechanical and aeronautical engineering. She

Anne McClain is an American astronaut who spent 204 days in space aboard the International Space Station (ISS) from December 2018 to June 2019. McClain graduated in 2002 from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, New York, with a bachelor’s in mechanical and aeronautical engineering. She

Betty White: …highly optimistic Rose Nylund—Bea Arthur, Rue McClanahan, and Estelle Getty. The series, centred on a group of older women living together in Miami, became a major success. White earned seven Emmy nominations and won the award in 1986. After the show ended in 1992, White played Nylund on the spin-off…

Betty White: …highly optimistic Rose Nylund—Bea Arthur, Rue McClanahan, and Estelle Getty. The series, centred on a group of older women living together in Miami, became a major success. White earned seven Emmy nominations and won the award in 1986. After the show ended in 1992, White played Nylund on the spin-off…

George B. McClellan was a general who skillfully reorganized Union forces in the first year of the American Civil War (1861–65) but drew wide criticism for repeatedly failing to press his advantage over Confederate troops. Graduating second in his class at the U.S. Military Academy, West Point, New

George B. McClellan was a general who skillfully reorganized Union forces in the first year of the American Civil War (1861–65) but drew wide criticism for repeatedly failing to press his advantage over Confederate troops. Graduating second in his class at the U.S. Military Academy, West Point, New

White House press secretary: Press secretaries in the 21st century: …staff changes, and Fleischer’s successor, Scott McClellan, was among the most visible departures. Tony Snow replaced McClellan. Snow—experienced as a White House staffer under Pres. George H.W. Bush and a well-known broadcast journalist and radio talk show host—was one of the first press secretaries to come to the job with…

Arkansas River Navigation System, improved portion of the Verdigris and Arkansas rivers, extending southeastward for 439 mi (767 km) from Catoosa (near Tulsa) in northeastern Oklahoma, U.S., through Arkansas to the Mississippi River 25 mi north of Arkansas City, Ark. Approved by the U.S. Congress

Barbara McClintock was an American scientist whose discovery in the 1940s and ’50s of mobile genetic elements, or “jumping genes,” won her the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983. McClintock, whose father was a physician, took great pleasure in science as a child and evidenced early the

Sir Francis Leopold McClintock was a British naval officer and explorer who discovered the tragic fate of the British explorer Sir John Franklin and his 1845 expedition to the North American Arctic. Before his own successful search of 1857–59, McClintock took part in three earlier efforts to find

John McCloskey was the second archbishop of New York, who was the first American churchman to be appointed cardinal. Educated at Mount St. Mary’s College, Emmitsburg, Md., McCloskey was ordained priest in 1834. After graduate study at the Gregorian University, Rome, he returned to New York City

John J. McCloy was an American diplomat and lawyer. He was an adviser to every U.S. president from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Ronald Reagan. McCloy graduated from Harvard Law School in 1921. Thereafter he practiced law on Wall Street. His work on the “Black Tom” case, in which he proved that German

John J. McCloy was an American diplomat and lawyer. He was an adviser to every U.S. president from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Ronald Reagan. McCloy graduated from Harvard Law School in 1921. Thereafter he practiced law on Wall Street. His work on the “Black Tom” case, in which he proved that German

Clarence E. McClung was an American zoologist whose study of the mechanisms of heredity led to his 1901 hypothesis that an extra, or accessory, chromosome was the determiner of sex. The discovery of the sex-determining chromosome provided some of the earliest evidence that a given chromosome

Clarence E. McClung was an American zoologist whose study of the mechanisms of heredity led to his 1901 hypothesis that an extra, or accessory, chromosome was the determiner of sex. The discovery of the sex-determining chromosome provided some of the earliest evidence that a given chromosome

Nellie McClung was a Canadian writer and reformer. After marrying in 1896, she became prominent in the temperance movement. Her Sowing Seeds in Danny (1908), a novel about life in a small western town, became a national best seller. She lectured widely on woman suffrage and other reforms in Canada

John D. Rockefeller: …was released in installments by McClure’s Magazine between 1902 and 1904.

newspaper syndicate: McClure launched a similar venture in the same year. He first offered fiction and secured the rights to several stories by Rudyard Kipling. He also helped to introduce the stories of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and others into the United States. The features offered at…

Sir Robert John Le Mesurier McClure was an Irish naval officer who discovered a waterway, known as the Northwest Passage, linking the Pacific and Atlantic oceans through Arctic North America. He completed the route, partly by ship and partly overland, during 1850–54. In 1850 McClure took command of

McCollum v. Board of Education, case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on March 8, 1948, ruled (8–1) that an Illinois public school board had violated the First Amendment’s establishment clause when it allowed religious instruction during school hours and on school property. In 1940 members of

Portland Trail Blazers: …Lillard and fellow star guard CJ McCollum.

history of photography: Photojournalism: …a former Picture Post photographer, Leonard McCombe, with an extraordinary clause in his contract: he was forbidden to use a flash.

Maxwell McCombs is one of the two founding fathers of empirical research on the agenda-setting function of the press. Studying the role of mass media in the 1968 U.S. presidential election, McCombs and his longtime research partner, Donald L. Shaw, both professors of journalism at the University of

Clark McConachy was a New Zealand professional billiards player who was the world billiards champion from 1951 to 1968. McConachy, with Australian Walter Lindrum and Englishmen Joe Davis and Tom Newman, made up the “big four,” a group of exceptional players who dominated billiards from the 1910s to

Matthew McConaughey is an American actor whose virile good looks and Southern charm established him as a romantic leading man, a status that belied an equal ability to evince flawed, unpleasant characters. McConaughey, the youngest of three sons born to an oil pipeline supplier and a teacher, was

Matthew McConaughey is an American actor whose virile good looks and Southern charm established him as a romantic leading man, a status that belied an equal ability to evince flawed, unpleasant characters. McConaughey, the youngest of three sons born to an oil pipeline supplier and a teacher, was

Gordon Douglas: Warner Brothers: ” The McConnell Story (1955) was a workmanlike biopic of the famed American pilot Joseph C. McConnell, with Ladd in the title role and June Allyson as his wife. While the latter film proved popular with moviegoers, the same could not be said of Sincerely Yours…

Stephen Breyer: In McConnell v. Federal Election Commission (2003), he joined a majority in holding that limits on campaign advertisements and contributions imposed by the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, popularly known as the McCain-Feingold Act, did not violate the First Amendment’s guarantee of freedom of speech.…

Mitch McConnell is an influential Republican politician who has represented Kentucky in the U.S. Senate since 1985. The longest-serving Senate party leader, McConnell has been the majority whip (2003–07), minority leader (2007–15; 2021– ), and majority leader (2015–21). In 2024 he announced that he

Francis John McConnell was an American Methodist bishop, college president, and social reformer. McConnell entered the Methodist ministry in 1894, and after serving as pastor of churches in Massachusetts and New York he became president of DePauw University, Greencastle, Ind. (1909–12). Elected

Mitch McConnell is an influential Republican politician who has represented Kentucky in the U.S. Senate since 1985. The longest-serving Senate party leader, McConnell has been the majority whip (2003–07), minority leader (2007–15; 2021– ), and majority leader (2015–21). In 2024 he announced that he

McCook, city, seat (1896) of Red Willow county, southwestern Nebraska, U.S., on the Republican River, about 70 miles (115 km) south of North Platte and about 15 miles (25 km) north of the Kansas state line. The settlement was founded near the existing community of Fairview as a division point on

Apache: … created by American software developer Robert McCool. Apache was released in 1995. In the early 2020s, Apache servers deployed about 30 percent of the Internet’s content, second only to Nginx.

Apache: … created by American software developer Robert McCool. Apache was released in 1995. In the early 2020s, Apache servers deployed about 30 percent of the Internet’s content, second only to Nginx.

Adah Isaacs Menken was an American actress and poet widely celebrated for her daring act of appearing (seemingly) naked, strapped to a running horse. The facts concerning Menken’s early life are obscured by later and confused publicity stories. On various occasions she claimed various original

children’s literature: Contemporary times: …poet-critic John Ciardi, the other David McCord, a veteran maker of nonsense and acrobat of language.

Watergate scandal: Burglary, arrest, and limited immediate political effect: ) The fifth, James W. McCord, Jr., was the security chief of the Committee to Re-elect the President (later known popularly as CREEP), which was presided over by John Mitchell, Nixon’s former attorney general. The arrest was reported in the next morning’s Washington Post in an article written…

John McCormack was an Irish American tenor who was considered to be one of the finest singers of the first quarter of the 20th century. McCormack won the prize at the National Irish Festival (the Feis Ceoil) in Dublin in 1903. Later he studied in Italy. He made his London operatic debut in 1907 at

John W. McCormack was an American politician who served as speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1962 to 1970. McCormack had little formal education. He read law while working as an office boy and passed the bar examination at the age of 21. He joined the Democratic Party and won his

John W. McCormack was an American politician who served as speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1962 to 1970. McCormack had little formal education. He read law while working as an office boy and passed the bar examination at the age of 21. He joined the Democratic Party and won his

The New Republic: …Hughes sold the journal to Win McCormack, a political activist and publisher.

McCormick, county, western South Carolina, U.S. It consists of a piedmont region bordered to the west by the Savannah River and its impoundment, J. Strom Thurmond Lake, which it shares with the state of Georgia. Most of the county lies within the southern section of Sumter National Forest, which

Helmut Jahn: …on the Miesian design for McCormick Place (1968–71) in Chicago. The firm was later renamed Murphy/Jahn, with Jahn becoming its president and CEO in 1983. In 2012 it became known as JAHN.

construction: Postwar developments in long-span construction: …the cable-stayed roof is the McCormick Place West Exhibition Hall (1987) in Chicago, by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. Two rows of large concrete masts rise above the roof, supporting steel trusses that span 72 metres (240 feet) between the masts and cantilever 36 metres (120 feet) to either side; the…

Antarctica: Birds: South Polar (McCormick’s) skua—breed exclusively on the continent or on nearby islands. An absence of mammalian land predators and the rich offshore food supply make Antarctic coasts a haven for immense seabird rookeries. Penguins, of the order Sphenisciformes, symbolize this polar region, though they live…

Anne Elizabeth O’Hare McCormick was an English-born American journalist who gained a considerable reputation as a New York Times foreign correspondent and became the first woman member of the editorial board of the Times. McCormick was taken by her parents to the United States in early childhood

Robert R. McCormick was an American newspaper editor and publisher, popularly known as Colonel McCormick. His idiosyncratic editorials made him the personification of conservative journalism in the United States. Under his direction, the Chicago Tribune achieved the largest circulation among

Cyrus McCormick was an American industrialist and inventor who is generally credited with the development (from 1831) of the mechanical reaper. McCormick was the eldest son of Robert McCormick—a farmer, blacksmith, and inventor. McCormick’s education, in local schools, was limited. Reserved,

Cyrus McCormick was an American industrialist and inventor who is generally credited with the development (from 1831) of the mechanical reaper. McCormick was the eldest son of Robert McCormick—a farmer, blacksmith, and inventor. McCormick’s education, in local schools, was limited. Reserved,

Ruth Hanna McCormick Simms: In 1903 she married Joseph Medill McCormick of the Chicago newspaper family. She and her husband shared an interest in progressive social ideas, and she was active in several national welfare and reform organizations. In 1913 she lobbied the Illinois legislature to great effect on behalf of the bill…

Pat McCormick: Her daughter, Kelly, was a springboard diver who won a silver medal at the 1984 Games in Los Angeles and a bronze medal at the 1988 Games in Seoul. In 1965 Pat McCormick was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame, and Kelly McCormick was inducted…

The Brady Bunch: …Lookinland); the girls, Marcia (Maureen McCormick), Jan (Eve Plumb), and Cindy (Susan Olsen); and Alice Nelson (Ann B. Davis), the wisecracking live-in housekeeper. While the initial season’s stories sometimes touched on the difficulties of adjusting to life in a combined family, the overall focus of the series was on…

Pat McCormick was an American diver who was the first athlete to win gold medals in both the springboard and platform diving events at two Olympic Games. Growing up in Long Beach, California, McCormick established a reputation as a daring athlete, performing dives that few men attempted and that

Pat McCormick was an American diver who was the first athlete to win gold medals in both the springboard and platform diving events at two Olympic Games. Growing up in Long Beach, California, McCormick established a reputation as a daring athlete, performing dives that few men attempted and that

Advance Australia Fair: …composed by a Scottish-born Australian, Peter Dodds McCormick (1834?–1916), and first performed in Sydney in 1878. In 1977, in a countrywide public opinion poll to choose a national tune, “Advance Australia Fair” won out over three other contenders, including “Waltzing Matilda.” Some of the original words, however, have been altered…

Robert R. McCormick was an American newspaper editor and publisher, popularly known as Colonel McCormick. His idiosyncratic editorials made him the personification of conservative journalism in the United States. Under his direction, the Chicago Tribune achieved the largest circulation among