Bret Harte was an American writer who helped create the local-colour school in American fiction. Harte’s family settled in New York City and Brooklyn in 1845. His education was spotty and irregular, but he inherited a love of books and managed to get some verses published at age 11. In 1854 he left

Bret Harte was an American writer who helped create the local-colour school in American fiction. Harte’s family settled in New York City and Brooklyn in 1845. His education was spotty and irregular, but he inherited a love of books and managed to get some verses published at age 11. In 1854 he left

hartebeest, (Alcelaphus buselaphus), large African antelope (family Bovidae) with an elongated head, unusual bracket-shaped horns, and high forequarters sloping to lower hindquarters—a trait of the tribe Alcelaphini, which also includes wildebeests, the topi, and the blesbok. DNA studies indicate

tritium: Oliphant, and Paul Harteck, who bombarded deuterium (D, the hydrogen isotope of mass number 2) with high-energy deuterons (nuclei of deuterium atoms) according to the equation D + D → H + T. Willard Frank Libby and Aristid V. Grosse showed that tritium is present in natural water,…

Lis Hartel: Beating Polio: That Danish equestrian Lis Hartel was competing at all in the 1952 dressage competition was perhaps more surprising and impressive than the fact that she won the silver medal. She had faced two major obstacles in the years before the 1952 Olympic Games in Helsinki,…

Western architecture: Germany: …example of the latter is Hartenfels Castle (c. 1532–44) at Torgau by Konrad Krebs, which is completely medieval in design but has occasional fragments of Classical ornament applied to the surface. The rear portion of the Residence (c. 1537–43) at Landshut is exceptional in that its architecture and decoration are…

Hartford, county, north-central Connecticut, U.S. It is bordered to the north by Massachusetts and traversed (north-south) by the Connecticut River. Other waterways are the Farmington, Pequabuck, and Quinnipiac rivers and the Barkhamsted and Nepaug reservoirs. The terrain mostly consists of an

Hartford, capital of Connecticut and city coextensive with the town (township) of Hartford, Hartford county, U.S., in the north-central part of the state. It is a major industrial and commercial centre and a port at the head of navigation on the Connecticut River, 38 miles (61 km) from Long Island

University of Hartford, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in West Hartford, Conn., U.S. It consists of the Barney School of Business and Public Administration, the Hartt School (of music), the Hartford Art School, the Ward College of Technology, and colleges of education,

Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus: World War II, the Hartford fire, and The Greatest Show on Earth: Train travel was restricted during World War II by the needs of the U.S. military and government, but, recognizing the relief from wartime tensions that the circus could provide for the American public, Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt…

Hartford Convention, (December 15, 1814–January 5, 1815), in U.S. history, a secret meeting in Hartford, Connecticut, of Federalist delegates from Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont who were dissatisfied with Pres. James Madison’s mercantile policies and the

Connecticut: Cultural life: The Hartford Courant is the oldest continuously published city newspaper in the country; it began as a weekly paper in 1764 and became a daily in 1837. Yale University Press is a major academic publisher that is recognized throughout the world.

Carolina Hurricanes, American professional ice hockey team based in Raleigh, North Carolina. The Hurricanes play in the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL) and won the Stanley Cup in 2006. Founded in 1972 as the New England Whalers and based in Hartford, Connecticut, the

Hartford wit, any of a group of Federalist poets centred around Hartford, Conn., who collaborated to produce a considerable body of political satire just after the American Revolution. Employing burlesque verse modelled upon Samuel Butler’s Hudibras and Alexander Pope’s Dunciad, the wits advocated

University of Hartford, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in West Hartford, Conn., U.S. It consists of the Barney School of Business and Public Administration, the Hartt School (of music), the Hartford Art School, the Ward College of Technology, and colleges of education,

Hardecanute was the king of Denmark from 1028 to 1042 and of England from 1040 to 1042. Son of King Canute and Emma, daughter of Richard I, duke of Normandy, Hardecanute was made co-king of Denmark by Canute about 1030. On Canute’s death in 1035, a party led by Emma and Godwine, earl of Wessex,

Grace Hartigan was an American painter best known for her Abstract Expressionist works of the 1950s, which gradually incorporated recognizable imagery. Her later paintings were sometimes identified with Pop art despite her distaste for that style. In her heyday, she was the best known woman painter

William Cavendish, 4th duke of Devonshire was the prime minister of Great Britain from November 1756 to May 1757, at the start of the Seven Years’ War. Eldest son of William Cavendish, the 3rd Duke (1698–1755), he was elected to the House of Commons in 1741 and 1747, and in 1751 he moved to the

William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire was a leader of the parliamentary movement that sought to exclude the Roman Catholic James, duke of York (afterward James II), from succession to the British throne and that later invited the invasion of William of Orange. Cavendish was the eldest son of

United States presidential election of 1972: The Democratic campaign: Vance Hartke of Indiana, Rep. Wilbur D. Mills of Arkansas, and Mayor Sam Yorty of Los Angeles, although on the ballot, were not campaigning actively. Senator Muskie and Sen. Hubert H. Humphrey of Minnesota bobbed and weaved on the issue. Only Wallace and Sen. Henry…

Neue Sachlichkeit: …was fashioned in 1924 by Gustav F. Hartlaub, director of the Mannheim Kunsthall. In a 1925 exhibition assembled at the Kunsthalle, Hartlaub displayed the works of the members of this group: George Grosz, Otto Dix, Max Beckmann, Georg Schrimpf, Alexander Kanoldt, Carlo Mense, Georg Scholz,

cosmology: Superunification and the Planck era: Hawking and the American cosmologist James B. Hartle have proposed that it may be possible to avert a beginning to time by making it go imaginary (in the sense of the mathematics of complex numbers) instead of letting it suddenly appear or disappear. Beyond a certain point in their scheme,…

Otto Erich Hartleben was a German poet, dramatist, and short-story writer known for his Naturalistic dramas that portray with ironic wit the weaknesses of middle-class society. Hartleben studied law and held minor judicial appointments and then, from 1890, lived a bohemian life as a free-lance

Hartlepool, seaport and unitary authority, geographic and historic county of Durham, northeastern England, on the North Sea. The old town, occupying a limestone peninsula that sheltered a fishing harbour on the North Sea coast, enjoyed the patronage of the medieval prince-bishops of Durham, who

Chegutu, town, central Zimbabwe. Named originally for Henry Hartley, who discovered gold in the vicinity, it was founded in 1891 on the Umfuli River but about 1900 was moved 18 miles (29 km) west. A town-management board was constituted in 1942. On the main road and railway line from Harare

Herschel: …forms of water in Comet Hartley 2 also revealed that the cometary water had the same isotopic signature as the water in Earth’s oceans, which was evidence that Earth’s water may have come from comets. Data gathered by Herschel showed that previous observations had underestimated by a third the amount…

chemical element: Mineral fuels: The Hartley Seam of the Durham Coalfield in England contains so much germanium that the ash has a brilliant yellow colour because of the presence of the oxide (GeO2).

Anne Jane Hartley Gilbert was an American dancer and actress, popular on the 19th-century stage for her character roles. Anne Hartley grew up in London. At age 12 she began studying dance in the ballet school of Her Majesty’s Theatre, Haymarket. She danced in the corps at Her Majesty’s and Drury

David Hartley was an English physician and philosopher credited with the first formulation of the psychological system known as associationism. Attempting to explain how thought processes occur, Hartley’s associationism, with later modifications, has endured as an integral part of modern

David Hartley, the Younger was a radical English pamphleteer, member of the House of Commons (1774–80, 1782–84), and inventor, son of the philosopher David Hartley. As British plenipotentiary he signed the Treaty of Paris (September 3, 1783), ending the American Revolution, which he had opposed

L.P. Hartley was an English novelist, short-story writer, and critic whose works fuse a subtle observation of manners traditional to the English novel with an interest in the psychological nuance. After he got his degree at the University of Oxford (1922), Hartley wrote criticism for the literary

L.P. Hartley was an English novelist, short-story writer, and critic whose works fuse a subtle observation of manners traditional to the English novel with an interest in the psychological nuance. After he got his degree at the University of Oxford (1922), Hartley wrote criticism for the literary

Marsden Hartley was a U.S. painter who, after extensive travels had brought him into contact with a variety of modern art movements, arrived at a distinctive, personal type of Expressionism, seen best in his bold paintings of the harsh landscape of Maine. After study at the Cleveland School of Art,

information theory: Historical background: Another pioneer was Nyquist’s colleague R.V.L. Hartley, whose paper “Transmission of Information” (1928) established the first mathematical foundations for information theory.

Vivien Leigh was a British actress who achieved motion picture immortality by playing two of American literature’s most celebrated Southern belles, Scarlett O’Hara and Blanche DuBois. The daughter of a Yorkshire stockbroker, she was born in India and convent-educated in England and throughout

Samuel Hartlib was an English educational and agricultural reformer and a tireless advocate of universal education. After attending the University of Cambridge, Hartlib settled in England (1628) and associated himself with the educational philosopher John Dury, sharing his ideas on the necessity

Haldan Keffer Hartline was an American physiologist who was a co-winner (with George Wald and Ragnar Granit) of the 1967 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his work in analyzing the neurophysiological mechanisms of vision. Hartline began his study of retinal electrophysiology as a National

Geoffrey H. Hartman was a German-born American literary critic and theorist who opposed Anglo-American formalism, brought Continental thought to North American literary criticism, and championed criticism as a creative act. His works treat criticism and literature as mutually interpenetrating

the Doobie Brothers: ), drummer John Hartman (b. March 18, 1950, Falls Church, Virginia—d. December 29, 2021), bassist Dave Shogren (b. October 12, 1950, San Francisco, California—d. December 14, 1999, San Jose, California), and guitarist Patrick Simmons (b. October 19, 1948, Aberdeen, Washington). Later members include bassist Tiran Porter (b.…

Saturday Night Live: Dennis Miller, Dana Carvey, Phil Hartman, Chris Rock, David Spade, Chris Farley, Sarah Silverman, Mike Myers, Adam Sandler, Molly Shannon,

Juris Hartmanis is a Latvian-born American mathematician and computer scientist and cowinner, with American computer scientist Richard E. Stearns, of the 1993 A.M. Turing Award, the highest honour in computer science. Hartmanis and Stearns were cited in the award for their “seminal paper which

Juris Hartmanis is a Latvian-born American mathematician and computer scientist and cowinner, with American computer scientist Richard E. Stearns, of the 1993 A.M. Turing Award, the highest honour in computer science. Hartmanis and Stearns were cited in the award for their “seminal paper which

Hartmann von Aue was a Middle High German poet, one of the masters of the courtly epic. Hartmann’s works suggest that he received a learned education at a monastery school, that he was a ministerialis at a Swabian court, and that he may have taken part in the Third Crusade (1189–92) or the

zebra: zebra hartmannae (Hartmann’s mountain zebra) and E. zebra zebra (Cape Mountain zebra).

Sadakichi Hartmann was an American art critic, novelist, poet, and man of letters. The son of a German father and Japanese mother, Hartmann went to the United States as a boy (he became a naturalized citizen in 1894). While living in Philadelphia from 1882 to 1885, he befriended the elderly Walt

Eduard von Hartmann was a German metaphysical philosopher, called “the philosopher of the unconscious,” who sought to reconcile two conflicting schools of thought, rationalism and irrationalism, by emphasizing the central role of the unconscious mind. Hartmann, the son of a Prussian artillery

Eduard von Hartmann was a German metaphysical philosopher, called “the philosopher of the unconscious,” who sought to reconcile two conflicting schools of thought, rationalism and irrationalism, by emphasizing the central role of the unconscious mind. Hartmann, the son of a Prussian artillery

spotlight: …was developed in 1879 by Louis Hartmann of the United States.

Nicolai Hartmann was one of the dominant figures in German philosophy during the first half of the 20th century. After serving Germany in World War I, Hartmann taught philosophy at the universities of Marburg (1920–25), Cologne (1925–31), Berlin (1931–45), and Göttingen (1945–50). His first work,

Saturday Night Live: Dennis Miller, Dana Carvey, Phil Hartman, Chris Rock, David Spade, Chris Farley, Sarah Silverman, Mike Myers, Adam Sandler, Molly Shannon,

Sadakichi Hartmann was an American art critic, novelist, poet, and man of letters. The son of a German father and Japanese mother, Hartmann went to the United States as a boy (he became a naturalized citizen in 1894). While living in Philadelphia from 1882 to 1885, he befriended the elderly Walt

Pictures at an Exhibition: …his friend, the Russian artist Viktor Hartmann, who had died in 1873 at age 39. Shortly after the artist’s death, Mussorgsky visited a retrospective exhibit of Hartmann’s sketches, stage designs, and architectural studies and felt the need to capture the experience in music. By early summer 1874, he had completed…

physical science: Solar-system astronomy and extrasolar planets: …proposed by the American astronomers William K. Hartmann and A.G.W. Cameron has become the most popular. According to their theory, Earth was struck by a Mars-sized object, and the force of the impact vaporized the outer parts of both bodies. The vapour thus produced remained in orbit around Earth and…

Doctor Who: …original Doctor was played by William Hartnell until 1966, when the show revealed that Time Lords had the ability to regenerate themselves when near death. Their reincarnated forms appeared as different people, although they retained the same memories and skills. This plot twist allowed different actors to assume the title…

Hartnup disease, inborn metabolic disorder involving the amino acid tryptophan. Normally, one of the metabolic pathways of tryptophan leads to the synthesis of nicotinic acid, or niacin, a vitamin of the B group, a deficiency of which causes pellagra. In Hartnup disease, it is believed that the

Dirck Hartog was a Dutch merchant captain who made the first recorded exploration of the western coast of Australia. Hartog set sail from Texel, a port near Amsterdam, as part of a Dutch East India Company flotilla in January 1616. Traveling around the Cape of Good Hope to Java, Hartog sought to

Dirck Hartog was a Dutch merchant captain who made the first recorded exploration of the western coast of Australia. Hartog set sail from Texel, a port near Amsterdam, as part of a Dutch East India Company flotilla in January 1616. Traveling around the Cape of Good Hope to Java, Hartog sought to

Jan de Hartog was a Dutch-American novelist and playwright who wrote adventure stories in both Dutch and English. De Hartog early was an adventurer, twice running away from home to work at sea. During World War II he joined the Dutch Resistance and in 1943 was forced into hiding. Later that year he

Dirck Hartog was a Dutch merchant captain who made the first recorded exploration of the western coast of Australia. Hartog set sail from Texel, a port near Amsterdam, as part of a Dutch East India Company flotilla in January 1616. Traveling around the Cape of Good Hope to Java, Hartog sought to

Gary Hart is an American politician who served as a U.S. senator from Colorado (1975–87). He ran for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1984 and again in 1988; he suspended the latter campaign soon after the Miami Herald newspaper reported that he was having an extramarital affair. Hart

quantum mechanics: Identical particles and multielectron atoms: Despite these difficulties, approximation methods introduced by the English physicist Douglas R. Hartree, the Russian physicist Vladimir Fock, and others in the 1920s and 1930s have achieved considerable success. Such schemes start by assuming that each electron moves independently in an average electric field because of the nucleus…

Douglas R. Hartree was an English physicist, mathematician, and computer pioneer. At Manchester University in the mid-1930s, he built a mechanical computer for solving differential equations, based on the differential analyzer of Vannevar Bush. During World War II he was involved with the ENIAC

Douglas R. Hartree was an English physicist, mathematician, and computer pioneer. At Manchester University in the mid-1930s, he built a mechanical computer for solving differential equations, based on the differential analyzer of Vannevar Bush. During World War II he was involved with the ENIAC

quantum mechanics: Identical particles and multielectron atoms: Despite these difficulties, approximation methods introduced by the English physicist Douglas R. Hartree, the Russian physicist Vladimir Fock, and others in the 1920s and 1930s have achieved considerable success. Such schemes start by assuming that each electron moves independently in an average electric field because of the nucleus…

quantum mechanics: Identical particles and multielectron atoms: Despite these difficulties, approximation methods introduced by the English physicist Douglas R. Hartree, the Russian physicist Vladimir Fock, and others in the 1920s and 1930s have achieved considerable success. Such schemes start by assuming that each electron moves independently in an average electric field because of the nucleus…

Maynard Jackson: ” (It was renamed Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport after his death.) He reformed the police force and worked to maintain calm when the city was terrorized by a string of child murders. After his reelection in 1977, he was barred from a third consecutive term and supported the successful…

Maynard Jackson: ” (It was renamed Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport after his death.) He reformed the police force and worked to maintain calm when the city was terrorized by a string of child murders. After his reelection in 1977, he was barred from a third consecutive term and supported the successful…

Charles Hartshorne was an American philosopher, theologian, and educator known as the most influential proponent of a “process philosophy,” which considers God a participant in cosmic evolution. The descendant of Quakers and son of an Episcopalian minister, Hartshorne attended Haverford College

personality: Deviation from trait theory: …moral development, the American psychologists Hugh Hartshorne and Mark A. May in 1928 placed 10- to 13-year-old children in situations that gave them the opportunity to lie, steal, or cheat; to spend money on themselves or on other children; and to yield to or resist distractions. The predictive power of…

geography: Geography in the United States: Richard Hartshorne codified this approach. His monograph, The Nature of Geography (1939; reprinted 1976), was much influenced by the work of German authors—notably Alfred Hettner—and it conceived the discipline’s defining characteristics. Geography, he concluded, is

philosophical feminism: Feminist theories of agency: …consciousness-raising model of the 1970s, Nancy Hartsock held that women discover their own values and gain authentic agency only through acts of solidarity with feminist protesters and dissenters. Sandra Bartky pointed to the usefulness of discovering contradictions within the gender norms imposed upon women—e.g., women are supposed to dedicate themselves…

Hartsville, city, Darlington county, northeastern South Carolina, U.S., on Prestwood Lake (an impoundment of Black Creek). The area was first settled in 1760 and grew in the 19th century around Thomas Edward Hart’s plantation. Major James L. Coker established a crossroads store (1866) there, built

University of Hartford, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in West Hartford, Conn., U.S. It consists of the Barney School of Business and Public Administration, the Hartt School (of music), the Hartford Art School, the Ward College of Technology, and colleges of education,

Hans Hartung was a French painter of German origins, one of the leading European exponents of a completely abstract style of painting. He became particularly well known for his carefully composed, almost calligraphic arrangements of black lines on coloured backgrounds. Hartung received conventional

Leland H. Hartwell is an American scientist who, with Sir Paul M. Nurse and R. Timothy Hunt, shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2001 for discovering key regulators of the cell cycle. Hartwell studied at the California Institute of Technology (B.S., 1961) and the Massachusetts

Rose Alnora Hartwick Thorpe was an American poet and writer, remembered largely for a single narrative poem that gained national popularity. Rose Hartwick grew up in her birthplace of Mishawaka, Indiana, in Kansas, and in Litchfield, Michigan, where she graduated from public high school in 1868.

Russell Harty was a British writer and television personality who charmed audiences with his intelligence, wit, and audacity, particularly as an irreverent talk-show host with London Weekend Television (LWT; 1972–80) and the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC; 1980–88). Harty received a

Russell Harty was a British writer and television personality who charmed audiences with his intelligence, wit, and audacity, particularly as an irreverent talk-show host with London Weekend Television (LWT; 1972–80) and the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC; 1980–88). Harty received a

Sir Hamilton Harty was a British conductor and composer, noted for his performances of Hector Berlioz. Harty was an organist in Belfast and Dublin before going to London (1900), where he gained a reputation as an accompanist and composer. In addition to giving many recitals with his wife, the

Sir Hamilton Harty was a British conductor and composer, noted for his performances of Hector Berlioz. Harty was an organist in Belfast and Dublin before going to London (1900), where he gained a reputation as an accompanist and composer. In addition to giving many recitals with his wife, the

Hartz Mountains, mountains in southern Tasmania, Australia, extending for 30 mi (50 km) north–south. They are heavily glaciated and rise to 4,111 ft (1,253 m) at Hartz Mountain. The lower slopes, clad in rain forest, give way to peaks that are snow-capped almost year-round, the melting snow

American exceptionalism: historians such as Richard Hofstadter, Louis Hartz, and Daniel J. Boorstin, the United States lacked the history of feudalism and absolutism that had ingrained class loyalty in Europeans. Moreover, they argued that it benefited from geographic and social mobility, material abundance, a general acceptance of the virtues of liberal individualism,…

Henry Ossawa Tanner: With the help of Joseph C. Hartzell, a bishop from Cincinnati, Ohio, Tanner secured a teaching position at Clark University in Atlanta. In 1890 Hartzell arranged an exhibition of Tanner’s works in Cincinnati and, when no paintings sold, Hartzell purchased the entire collection himself.

Juan Eugenio Hartzenbusch was one of the most successful of the Spanish romantic dramatists, editor of standard editions of Spanish classics, and author of fanciful poetry in a traditional style. Hartzenbusch was the son of a German cabinetmaker. Early tribulations ended with the production of Los

Jules Chevalier: Then, with Marie-Louise Hartzer, he cofounded the Daughters of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart at Issoudun in the following year. These nuns dedicated themselves to educational, hospital, and missionary work. Their papal approval (1928) occurred after Chevalier’s death. He is considered one of the outstanding promoters…

Shimazaki Tōson: …later described in his novel Haru (1908; “Spring”). The first of his major novels, Hakai (1906; The Broken Commandment), the story of a young outcast schoolteacher’s struggle for self-realization, has been called representative of the naturalist school, then the vogue in Japan, although it more clearly reflects the influence of…

Japanese music: Traditional styles: …koto, Haru no umi (“Spring Sea”), has proved Baroque-like in its performance practice, for it is often heard played by the violin, with koto or piano accompaniment. Its style equals that of the French composer Claude Debussy in his most “orientale” moments. The Japanese traditionalist’s view of Western music…

The Sea of Fertility: …four parts—Haru no yuki (Spring Snow), Homma (Runaway Horses), Akatsuki no tera (The Temple of Dawn), and Tennin gosui (The Decay of the Angel)—is set in Japan, and together they cover the period from roughly 1912 to the 1960s. Each of them depicts a different reincarnation of the same…

Al-Harūj al-Aswad, hilly basaltic plateau of central Libya. A startlingly black expanse with an area of some 15,500 square miles (40,150 square km), it rises out of the surrounding sand to about 2,600 feet (800 metres) and is crowned by a series of volcanoes, the Qārat al-Sabʿah, with elevations

Hayashi Razan: Gahō, Hayashi’s third son (also called Harukatsu), became his father’s successor as chief official scholar; and Dokkōsai, Hayashi’s fourth son (also called Morikatsu), was also employed by the shogunate. During their father’s lifetime they collaborated with him in compiling histories; and after his death they…

Kurihara Harumi: …Kurihara wrote the English-language cookbook Harumi’s Japanese Cooking: More than 75 Authentic and Contemporary Recipes from Japan’s Most Popular Cooking Expert (2004). Winner of the 2004 Gourmand World Media Award for best book of the year (the first such prize ever bestowed on a book by an Asian author), it…

Aaron was the traditional founder and head of the Israelite priesthood, who, with his brother Moses, led the Israelites out of Egypt. The figure of Aaron as it is now found in the Pentateuch, the first five books of the Bible, is built up from several sources of traditions. In the Talmud and

Hārūn al-Rashīd was the fifth caliph of the ʿAbbāsid dynasty (786–809), who ruled Islam at the zenith of its empire with a luxury in Baghdad memorialized in The Thousand and One Nights (The Arabian Nights Entertainment). Hārūn al-Rashīd was the son of al-Mahdī, the third ʿAbbāsid caliph (ruled

Hārūn al-Rashīd was the fifth caliph of the ʿAbbāsid dynasty (786–809), who ruled Islam at the zenith of its empire with a luxury in Baghdad memorialized in The Thousand and One Nights (The Arabian Nights Entertainment). Hārūn al-Rashīd was the son of al-Mahdī, the third ʿAbbāsid caliph (ruled

Anatolian religion: Divination: … (divination by flight of birds), haruspicy (divination by examining the entrails of sacrificial animals), and an enigmatic procedure using tokens with symbolic names, arts said to be practiced respectively by the “bird-watcher,” the seer, and the “old woman.” The omens, as interpreted by these experts, were either favourable or unfavourable…

Haruspices, ancient Etruscan diviners, “entrail observers” whose art consisted primarily in deducing the will of the gods from the appearance presented by the entrails of the sacrificial animal, especially the liver and gallbladder of sheep. An Etruscan model liver from Piacenza survived in the

Anatolian religion: Divination: … (divination by flight of birds), haruspicy (divination by examining the entrails of sacrificial animals), and an enigmatic procedure using tokens with symbolic names, arts said to be practiced respectively by the “bird-watcher,” the seer, and the “old woman.” The omens, as interpreted by these experts, were either favourable or unfavourable…

Hārūt and Mārūt, in Islāmic mythology, two angels who unwittingly became masters of evil. A group of angels, after observing the sins being committed on earth, began to ridicule man’s weakness. God declared that they would act no better under the same circumstances and proposed that some angels be

Elizabeth Cabot Agassiz: …was the first president of Radcliffe College, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Renzo Piano: His later projects included the Harvard Art Museum renovation and expansion (2014), Cambridge, Massachusetts; the addition to the Kimbell Art Museum (2013), Fort Worth, Texas; the new building for the Whitney Museum of American Art (2015), New York City; and the long-delayed Academy Museum of Motion Pictures (2021), Los Angeles.…