Italian literature: Experimentalism and the new avant-garde: …vitriolic essayist Alberto Arbasino, whose Fratelli d’Italia (the title, meaning “Brothers of Italy,” alludes ironically, not to say derisively, to the Italian national anthem), first published in 1963, had a second, amplified edition in 1976 and a third, running to 1,371 pages, in 1993; and Luigi Malerba, an original and…

Miuccia Prada: …luxury-goods company then known as Fratelli Prada (“Prada Brothers”), of which Luisa became head in 1958. Initially an aspiring politician, Maria earned a Ph.D. in political science (1973) from the University of Milan, where her ideologies drifted increasingly toward feminism and left-wing politics. She became a member of the Italian…

Fratellini Family, European circus family best known for the Fratellini Brothers, a clown trio—Paul, François, and Albert (respectively, b. 1877—d. 1940; b. 1879—d. 1951; b. 1886—d. 1961)—whose wit, charm, and superb acting techniques were widely admired and brought about a resurgence of interest

Fratellini Family: a clown trio—Paul, François, and Albert (respectively, b. 1877—d. 1940; b. 1879—d. 1951; b. 1886—d. 1961)—whose wit, charm, and superb acting techniques were widely admired and brought about a resurgence of interest in the circus in post-World War I Paris.

Fratellini Family: …Fratellini Brothers, a clown trio—Paul, François, and Albert (respectively, b. 1877—d. 1940; b. 1879—d. 1951; b. 1886—d. 1961)—whose wit, charm, and superb acting techniques were widely admired and brought about a resurgence of interest in the circus in post-World War I Paris.

Fratellini Family: Their father, Gustavo Fratellini (1842–1905), a Florentine follower of the Italian patriot Giuseppi Garibaldi, was a circus trapeze artist and acrobat, and their elder brother, Louis (1867–1909), worked as a clown with Paul. François and Albert also began their careers as a pair. When Louis died in…

Fratellini Family: …acrobat, and their elder brother, Louis (1867–1909), worked as a clown with Paul. François and Albert also began their careers as a pair. When Louis died in 1909 he left a family without support and Paul without a partner. To solve both problems the remaining brothers formed a unique triple…

Fratellini Family: …Fratellini Brothers, a clown trio—Paul, François, and Albert (respectively, b. 1877—d. 1940; b. 1879—d. 1951; b. 1886—d. 1961)—whose wit, charm, and superb acting techniques were widely admired and brought about a resurgence of interest in the circus in post-World War I Paris.

Fratellini Family: …circus performers, notably Paul’s son Victor (1901–79) and Victor’s daughter Annie (1932–97), who continued the family tradition as successful clowns in France. Albert’s memoirs, Nous, les Fratellini, appeared in 1955.

Italian literature: Other writings: …giovane [1959; The Novice] and Il fratello italiano [1980; “The Italian Brother”]). Fulvio Tomizza also tackled this theme in L’amicizia (1980; “The Friendship”).

serpentine verse: …line of Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s “Frater Ave Atque Vale”:

puffin: …common, or Atlantic, puffin (Fratercula arctica) occurs on Atlantic coasts from the Arctic south to Brittany and Maine. It is about 30 cm (12 inches) long, black above, white below, with gray face plumage, red-orange feet, a blue-gray, yellow, and red bill, and horny plates of skin around the…

puffin: …common, or Atlantic, puffin (Fratercula arctica) occurs on Atlantic coasts from the Arctic south to Brittany and Maine. It is about 30 cm (12 inches) long, black above, white below, with gray face plumage, red-orange feet, a blue-gray, yellow, and red bill, and horny plates of skin around the…

puffin: The horned puffin (F. corniculata) is a Pacific relative of the Atlantic species. Of more southerly Pacific distribution is the tufted puffin (Lunda cirrhata), which is black with red legs and bill, a white face, and straw-coloured plumes curving backward from behind the eyes.

Sufism: Rise of fraternal orders: Slightly later, mystical orders (fraternal groups centring around the teachings of a leader-founder) began to crystallize. The 13th century, though politically overshadowed by the invasion of the Mongols into the Eastern lands of Islam and the end of the ʿAbbāsid caliphate, was also…

polyandry: …brothers, the institution is called adelphic, or fraternal, polyandry. Polygyny, the marriage of a man and two or more women at the same time, includes an analogous sororal form.

fraternity and sorority, in the United States, social, professional, or honorary societies, for males and females, respectively. Most such organizations draw their membership primarily from college or university students. With few exceptions, fraternities and sororities use combinations of letters

Spiritual, member of an extreme group within the Franciscans, a mendicant religious order founded by St. Francis of Assisi in 1209; the Spirituals firmly espoused the austerity and poverty prescribed in the original Rule of St. Francis. Called the Fraticelli, they were opposed, to some extent, by

André Coindre: …was the founder of the Fratres a Sacratissimo Corde Iesu (Brothers of the Sacred Heart), a Roman Catholic religious order primarily devoted to high school and elementary school education; the brotherhood is also a missionary society.

Arval Brothers, in ancient Rome, college or priesthood whose chief original duty was to offer annual public sacrifice for the fertility of the fields. The brotherhood, probably of great antiquity, was almost forgotten in republican times but was revived by Augustus and probably lasted until the

Order of the Brothers of the Sword, organization of crusading knights that began the successful conquest and Christianization of Livonia (most of modern Latvia and Estonia) between 1202 and 1237. After German merchants from Lübeck and Bremen acquired commercial interests in the lands around the

fortification: Nuclear fortification: …ICBM force was designed around fratricide, the theory that multiple nuclear explosions cannot occur at the same time in close proximity to one another because the first detonated warhead triggers low-yield partial explosions in the others. The proposal, called dense pack, would exploit this phenomenon by packing a large number…

Joseph Victor von Scheffel: …set in the 5th century; Frau Aventiure (1863; “Lady Adventure”), a book of verse; and Gaudeamus! (1868), a collection of student songs. Scheffel’s writings eventually fell out of favour with the critics, who viewed them as cloying and trivial.

Hermann Sudermann: Frau Sorge (1887; Dame Care), dealing with the growing up of a sensitive youth, and Der Katzensteg (1889; Regina) are the best known of his early novels. He won renown, however, with his plays. Die Ehre (Eng. trans., What Money Cannot Buy), first performed in Berlin on Nov.…

August Bebel: …Frau und der Sozialismus (1883; Woman and Socialism), which went through many editions and translations. This book was the most powerful piece of SPD propaganda for decades. Above all, by its combination of science and prophecy, it served as a blueprint for German social democracy in the conditions produced by…

fraud, in law, the deliberate misrepresentation of fact for the purpose of depriving someone of a valuable possession. Although fraud is sometimes a crime in itself, more often it is an element of crimes such as obtaining money by false pretense or by impersonation. European legal codes and their

common law: Further growth of statute law: …later Stuart period was the Statute of Frauds of 1677. As a response to the growth of literacy and the prevalence of perjury and fraud, wills and contracts for the sale of land or goods (of more than a certain amount) were required to be in writing. Though drafted by…

Adelbert von Chamisso: …example, the cycle of poems Frauen-Liebe und Leben (“Woman’s Love and Life”), set to music by Robert Schumann—depicted simple emotions with a sentimental naïveté common to German Romantic verse of the period. His narrative ballads and poems, such as “Vergeltung” (“Reward”) and “Salas y Gomez,” sometimes inclined to bizarre and…

Frauenfeld, capital (since 1803) of Thurgau canton, northern Switzerland, on the Murg River, close to its junction with the Thur River, northeast of Zürich. First mentioned in 1246, it was founded by the count of Kyburg and the abbot of Reichenau on land belonging to the abbot. Frauenfeld (“Field

Frauenkirche, Lutheran church in Dresden, Germany, that has long been the symbolic heart of the city. It showed the beauty and power of Dresden and its dedication to Lutheranism, then later recalled the horrors of World War II, and now stands for the city’s resilience and the reconciliation between

Munich: The contemporary city: …Munich’s cathedral, the Frauenkirche (Church of Our Lady; built 1468–88), whose massive cupola-capped towers are conspicuous landmarks; and the Old Town Hall (1470–80) in the Marienplatz. Nearby is Peterskirche (1169), Munich’s oldest church, which was completely destroyed in World War II but subsequently rebuilt in its original form. The…

Frauenliebe und -leben, song cycle by Robert Schumann, written in 1840, with text by the French-born German poet Adelbert von Chamisso. The text of the songs is written from a woman’s perspective. Schumann wrote more than 130 musical settings of poems in 1840, the year in which he married Clara

Frauenlob was a late Middle High German poet. He was the original representative of the school of middle-class poets who succeeded the knightly minnesingers, or love poets, adapting the minnesinger traditions to poems dealing with theological mysteries, scientific lore, and philosophy. His

Georg Philipp Harsdörfer: …read in its time was Frauenzimmer Gesprech-Spiele (1641–49; “Women’s Conversation Plays”), which, like many of his works, had a didactic purpose. It consists of eight dialogues aimed at teaching women all they need to know to become useful members of society. His Pegnesisches Schäfergedicht (1644; “Pegnitz Idyll”), written with Klaj…

Abraham Fraunce was an English poet, a protégé of the poet and courtier Sir Philip Sidney. Fraunce was educated at Shrewsbury and at St. John’s College, Cambridge, where his Latin comedy Victoria, dedicated to Sidney, was probably written. He was called to the bar at Gray’s Inn in 1588 and then

Fraunhofer lines, in astronomical spectroscopy, any of the dark (absorption) lines in the spectrum of the Sun or other star, caused by selective absorption of the Sun’s or star’s radiation at specific wavelengths by the various elements existing as gases in its atmosphere. The lines were first

Joseph von Fraunhofer was a German physicist who first studied the dark lines of the Sun’s spectrum, now known as Fraunhofer lines. He also was the first to use extensively the diffraction grating, a device that disperses light more effectively than a prism does. His work set the stage for the

fravashi, in Zoroastrianism, the preexisting external higher soul or essence of a person (according to some sources, also of gods and angels). Associated with Ahura Mazdā, the supreme divinity, since the first creation, they participate in his nature of pure light and inexhaustible bounty. By free

fravashi: In the Parsi festival Fravartigan, the last 10 days of each year, each family honours the fravashis of its dead with prayers, fire, and incense.

Phraortes was the king of Media from 675 to 653 bc. Known by that name as a result of the writings of the 5th-century-bc Greek historian Herodotus, he was originally a village chief of Kar Kashi, but he later subjugated the Persians and a number of other Asian peoples, eventually forming an

fravashi, in Zoroastrianism, the preexisting external higher soul or essence of a person (according to some sources, also of gods and angels). Associated with Ahura Mazdā, the supreme divinity, since the first creation, they participate in his nature of pure light and inexhaustible bounty. By free

Patrick Joseph Frawley, Jr.: …a leakproof pen design, the Frawley Pen Company revolutionized the public’s perception of the product, which in the course of Frawley’s career culminated in the development of the Paper Mate pen. He sold his company to Gillette for $15.5 million in 1955.

Patrick Joseph Frawley, Jr. was a Nicaraguan-born American corporate executive responsible for the success of the Paper Mate leakproof pen and the Schick stainless-steel razor blade. As a teenager, Frawley represented his father’s import-export firm, and by his early 20s he was managing his own

I Love Lucy: …yet kind Fred Mertz (William Frawley) and his wife, Ethel (Vivian Vance), who usually tried to reason Lucy out of her wilder plots. Former vaudevillians, the Mertzs sang and danced, and they acted as foils or accomplices to the Ricardos. Ricky and Lucy eventually had a child, Little Ricky…

Fresnes, town, a southern suburb of Paris, Val-de-Marne département, Île-de-France région, north-central France. Recorded as Fretnes in the 12th century and Fraximus in the 13th, the village grew around Saint-Eloi Church (15th century). It is the site of a prison where political prisoners were kept

gas plant, (Dictamnus albus), gland-covered herb of the rue family (Rutaceae). Gas plant is native to Eurasia and is grown as an ornamental in many places. The flowers (white or pink) and the leaves give off a strong aromatic vapour that can be ignited—hence the names gas plant and burning bush.

ash, (genus Fraxinus), genus of 45–65 species of trees or shrubs (family Oleaceae) primarily distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Several species are valuable for their timber and beauty. A few species extend into the tropical forests of Mexico and Java. Most ash trees are small to

ash: Major species: …important of these are the white ash (Fraxinus americana) and the green ash (F. pennsylvanica), which grow throughout the eastern and much of the central United States and northward into parts of Canada. These two species furnish wood that is stiff, strong, resilient, and yet lightweight. This “white ash” is…

ash: Major species: The Chinese ash (F. chinensis) yields Chinese white wax.

ash: Major species: The European ash (F. excelsior), with 7 to 11 leaflets, is a timber tree of wide distribution throughout Europe. A number of its varieties have been cultivated and used in landscaping for centuries. Notable among these are forms with dwarflike or weeping habits, variegated foliage, warty…

ash: Major species: …of the Midwest, and the Oregon ash (F. latifolia) of the Pacific Northwest furnish wood of comparable quality that is used for furniture, interior paneling, and barrels, among other purposes. The Mexican ash (F. uhdei), a broad-crowned tree that is widely planted along the streets of Mexico City, reaches a…

ash: Major species: The black ash (F. nigra) of eastern North America, the blue ash (F. quadrangulata) of the Midwest, and the Oregon ash (F. latifolia) of the Pacific Northwest furnish wood of comparable quality that is used for furniture, interior paneling, and barrels, among other purposes. The Mexican…

ash: Major species: The flowering ash (F. ornus) of southern Europe produces creamy white fragrant flowers, has leaves with seven leaflets, and reaches 21 metres (69 feet). The Chinese ash (F. chinensis) yields Chinese white wax.

ash: Major species: …ash (Fraxinus americana) and the green ash (F. pennsylvanica), which grow throughout the eastern and much of the central United States and northward into parts of Canada. These two species furnish wood that is stiff, strong, resilient, and yet lightweight. This “white ash” is used for baseball bats, hockey sticks,…

ash: Major species: …of eastern North America, the blue ash (F. quadrangulata) of the Midwest, and the Oregon ash (F. latifolia) of the Pacific Northwest furnish wood of comparable quality that is used for furniture, interior paneling, and barrels, among other purposes. The Mexican ash (F. uhdei), a broad-crowned tree that is widely…

ash: Major species: The Mexican ash (F. uhdei), a broad-crowned tree that is widely planted along the streets of Mexico City, reaches a height of 18 metres (59 feet), and has leaves with five to nine leaflets.

Fray Bentos, city, western Uruguay. Founded in 1859, Fray Bentos became important when the first large-scale meat-packing plant in Uruguay was established there in 1861. The industry grew rapidly and, with the expansion of refrigeration and cold-storage facilities, Fray Bentos developed a

El Greco: Later life and works of El Greco: …works are the portraits of Fray Felix Hortensio Paravicino (1609) and Cardinal Don Fernando Niño de Guevara (c. 1600). Both are seated, as was customary after the time of Raphael in portraits presenting important ecclesiastics. Paravicino, a Trinitarian monk and a famous orator and poet, is depicted as a sensitive,…

Fray Jorge National Park, national park in the Coquimbo región, north-central Chile. It lies about 60 miles (100 km) directly south of La Serena on the Pacific coast. Established in 1941 and covering 38 square miles (100 square km), it preserves a pocket of subtropical forest in a semiarid region.

Michael Frayn is a British playwright, novelist, and translator whose work is often compared to that of Anton Chekhov for its focus on humorous family situations and its insights into society. Frayn is perhaps best known for his long-running, internationally successful stage farce Noises Off (1982;

Ian Frazer is a Scottish-born Australian immunologist, whose research led to the development of a vaccine against the strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) that cause most cervical cancers. In 1977 Frazer obtained a medical degree from the University of Edinburgh, where he received training as a

Sir James George Frazer was a British anthropologist, folklorist, and classical scholar, best remembered as the author of The Golden Bough. From an academy in Helensburgh, Dumbarton, Frazer went to Glasgow University (1869), entered Trinity College, Cambridge (1874), and became a fellow (1879). In

Carlsbad, city, San Diego county, southern California, U.S. Located 35 miles (55 km) north of San Diego, Carlsbad lies along a lagoon on the Pacific Ocean just south of Oceanside, in a winter vegetable- and flower-growing district. Luiseño Indians long inhabited the location before Spanish

Walt Frazier is a former basketball player who was one of the finest professional guards in the late 1960s and early ’70s. He helped the New York Knicks win two National Basketball Association (NBA) titles (1970, 1973). Frazier was named All-America three times at Southern Illinois University,

Combahee River Collective: Founding: …organizing experience, such as cofounder Demita Frazier, who was an active member of the Chicago Black Panther Party. Though criticized as separatist or divisive for the specificity of their identification as Black lesbian socialists, the Combahee River Collective leaders reported that they believed this articulation of their identity served a…

E. Franklin Frazier was an American sociologist whose work on African American social structure provided insights into many of the problems affecting the black community. Frazier received his A.B. from Howard University (1916) and his A.M. in sociology from Clark University (1920). After being

E. Franklin Frazier was an American sociologist whose work on African American social structure provided insights into many of the problems affecting the black community. Frazier received his A.B. from Howard University (1916) and his A.M. in sociology from Clark University (1920). After being

Joe Frazier was an American world heavyweight boxing champion from February 16, 1970, when he knocked out Jimmy Ellis in five rounds in New York City, until January 22, 1973, when he was beaten by George Foreman at Kingston, Jamaica. (Read Gene Tunney’s 1929 Britannica essay on boxing.) During

Joe Frazier was an American world heavyweight boxing champion from February 16, 1970, when he knocked out Jimmy Ellis in five rounds in New York City, until January 22, 1973, when he was beaten by George Foreman at Kingston, Jamaica. (Read Gene Tunney’s 1929 Britannica essay on boxing.) During

Walt Frazier is a former basketball player who was one of the finest professional guards in the late 1960s and early ’70s. He helped the New York Knicks win two National Basketball Association (NBA) titles (1970, 1973). Frazier was named All-America three times at Southern Illinois University,

Walt Frazier is a former basketball player who was one of the finest professional guards in the late 1960s and early ’70s. He helped the New York Knicks win two National Basketball Association (NBA) titles (1970, 1973). Frazier was named All-America three times at Southern Illinois University,

ice in lakes and rivers: Ice particles: …in the flow are termed frazil ice. Frazil is almost always the first ice formation in rivers. The particles are typically about 1 millimetre (0.04 inch) or smaller in size and usually in the shape of thin disks. Frazil appears in several types of initial ice formation: thin, sheetlike formations…

Communications Act of 1934: Radio Act of 1927: …1927 act created a five-member Federal Radio Commission (FRC) with discretionary authority, which the secretary of commerce had lacked under the 1912 act. Commissioners were nominated by the president of the United States and were confirmed by Congress; they served overlapping terms to maintain operational continuity. No more than three…

Côte d’Ivoire: Fall of Gbagbo: …the rebels—now calling themselves the Republican Forces of Ivory Coast (Forces Républicaines de Côte d’Ivoire; FRCI)—controlled more than two-thirds of the country, including the designated capital of Yamoussoukro. Battle for the de facto capital of Abidjan, where Gbagbo was ensconced, took place over the course of the next couple of…

Frigg, in Norse mythology, the wife of Odin and mother of Balder. She was a promoter of marriage and of fertility. In Icelandic stories, she tried to save her son’s life but failed. Some myths depict her as the weeping and loving mother, while others stress her loose morals. Frigg was known to

Devendra Banhart: …was variously branded neofolk, psych-folk, freak folk, and New Weird America. (The latter term was a takeoff on “Old, Weird America,” a phrase used by rock critic Greil Marcus to refer to the landscape of early 20th-century regional American folk music.) While the artists primarily associated with the sound—including Banhart,…

art rock: The debut album by American experimental rock composer Frank Zappa’s Mothers of Invention followed in 1966, and in the next two years Caravan, Jethro Tull, the Moody Blues, the Nice, Pink Floyd, the Pretty Things, Procol Harum, and Soft Machine released art-rock-type albums. Much of this…

freak show, term used to describe the exhibition of exotic or deformed animals as well as humans considered to be in some way abnormal or outside broadly accepted norms. Although the collection and display of such so-called freaks have a long history—the exploitation of African slave Sarah Baartman

Freaks, American horror film, released in 1932, a grotesque revenge melodrama in which director Tod Browning explored the world of carnival sideshows and the “freaks” that starred in them. The story centres on the machinations of a femme fatale, the “normal” trapeze artist Cleopatra (played by Olga

Freaks and Geeks, cult-classic teen coming-of-age television series focusing on two groups of high-school students in suburban Michigan in 1980. Freaks and Geeks aired on the NBC network for one season from 1999 to 2000 before its cancellation. Created by Paul Feig with Judd Apatow serving as its

Jamie Lee Curtis: Acting career: She returned to comedy with Freaky Friday (2003), a remake of the 1976 film in which a mother and daughter switch bodies. Curtis then appeared in a series of largely forgettable films while making occasional appearances on television.

Stephen Frears is an English film and television director known for movies that explore social class through sharply drawn characters. Frears worked as an assistant director in theatre and film while directing numerous television plays. In 1971 he directed his first feature film, Gumshoe. After

novelty song: Comedians such as Stan Freberg and Peter Sellers were specializing in musical satire and directing their wit at the new music at the time when rock and roll records were first heard.

novelty song: Comedians such as Stan Freberg and Peter Sellers were specializing in musical satire and directing their wit at the new music at the time when rock and roll records were first heard.

Vesta Tilley was an English singing comedienne who was the outstanding male impersonator in music-hall history. The daughter of a music-hall performer, she appeared on the stage at three and first played in male attire two years later. Before she was 14, she was playing in two different London

Vesta Tilley: In 1890 she married Walter de Frece (later Sir Walter), the composer of many of her songs and a music hall impresario who in 1920 became a member of Parliament. Two songs for which she was famous are “The Piccadilly Johnny with the Little Glass Eye” and “Following in…

Maurice Fréchet was a French mathematician known chiefly for his contributions to real analysis. He is credited with being the founder of the theory of abstract spaces. Fréchet was professor of mechanics at the University of Poitiers (1910–19) before moving to the University of Strasbourg, where he

Maurice Fréchet was a French mathematician known chiefly for his contributions to real analysis. He is credited with being the founder of the theory of abstract spaces. Fréchet was professor of mechanics at the University of Poitiers (1910–19) before moving to the University of Strasbourg, where he

Louis-Honoré Fréchette was the preeminent French Canadian poet of the 19th century, noted for his patriotic poems. Fréchette studied law at Laval University, Quebec, and was admitted to the bar in 1864. Discharged as a journalist for liberal views, he went to Chicago (1866–71). There, he wrote La

freckle, a small, brownish, well-circumscribed, stainlike spot on the skin occurring most frequently in red- or sandy-haired individuals. In genetically predisposed individuals who have been exposed to the ultraviolet radiation of sunlight, production of the pigment melanin increases in the pigment

freckled duck, (Stictonetta naevosa), rare Australian waterfowl, characterized by dark dots scattered over its metallic-gray plumage; in breeding season the drake’s bill turns red. The freckled duck is a surface feeder. It lacks alarm calls, courtship display, and demonstrative pair bonds. It may

Julianne Moore: Books: Moore wrote the children’s book Freckleface Strawberry (2007), about her experiences with childhood bullying because of her red hair and freckles. She penned several sequels, and in 2010 the first volume was adapted as a stage musical. Her other children’s books included My Mom Is a Foreigner, but Not to…

Gene Stratton Porter: Freckles (1904), a sentimental tale of a poor and apparently orphaned boy who is the self-appointed guardian of the Limberlost Swamp, eventually sold nearly two million copies. Porter’s next three books, What I Have Done with Birds (1907), At the Foot of the Rainbow (1907),…

Fred Allen: …Hall Tonight” (1934–39), which became “The Fred Allen Show” in 1939 and ran until 1949. Allen and Portland Hoffa took the principal roles, along with the residents of “Allen’s Alley,” a cast of characters including Falstaff Openshaw, Titus Moody, Mrs. Nussbaum, and Senator Claghorn. Allen wrote nearly all of each…

Basset Hound: Care and upkeep: The Basset drools (mostly in warm weather). Because its ears can be so long that they drag on the ground or across its food, a Basset’s owner may have it wear a “snood”…

Paul Giamatti: …swimming pool; and the comedy Fred Claus (2007).

Charlie Chaplin: Early life and career: While touring America with the Karno company in 1913, Chaplin was signed to appear in Mack Sennett’s Keystone comedy films. Though his first Keystone one-reeler, Making a Living (1914), was not the failure that historians have claimed, Chaplin’s initial screen character, a mercenary dandy, did not show him to best…

British Invasion: Diddy”), Petula Clark (“Downtown”), Freddie and the Dreamers (“I’m Telling You Now”), Wayne Fontana and the Mindbenders (“Game of Love”), Herman’s Hermits (“Mrs. Brown You’ve Got a Lovely Daughter”), the Rolling Stones (“[I Can’t Get No] Satisfaction” and others), the Troggs (“Wild Thing”), and

Freddie Mac (FHLMC), federally chartered private corporation created by the U.S. Congress in 1970 to provide continuous and affordable home financing. It is one of several government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) established since the early 20th century to help reduce the cost of credit to various

Diane di Prima: …Freddie (1966; later published as Freddie Poems [1974]), Earthsong: Poems 1957–59 (1968), The Book of Hours (1970), Loba, Parts 1–8 (1978), Pieces of a Song (1990), and 22 Death Poems (1996). She also wrote Dinners and Nightmares (1961; rev. ed., 1974), a book of short