Charles Martel was the mayor of the palace of Austrasia (the eastern part of the Frankish kingdom) from 715 to 741. He reunited and ruled the entire Frankish realm and defeated a sizable Muslim raiding party at Poitiers in 732. His byname, Martel, means “the hammer.” Charles was the illegitimate

Andreas Gryphius: Armenius (1646), Catharina von Georgien, Carolus Stuardus, and Cardenio und Celinde (all printed 1657), and Papinianus (1659). These plays deal with the themes of stoicism and religious constancy unto martyrdom, of the Christian ruler and the Machiavellian tyrant, and of illusion and reality, a theme that is used with telling…

carom billiards, game played with three balls (two white and one red) on a table without pockets, in which the object is to drive one of the white balls (cue ball) into both of the other balls. Each carom thus completed counts one point. In a popular version of the game called three-cushion

Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais was a French author of two outstanding comedies of intrigue that still retain their freshness, Le Barbier de Séville (1775; The Barber of Seville, 1776) and Le Mariage de Figaro (1784; The Marriage of Figaro, 1785). Although Beaumarchais did not invent the type

Antoine Caron was one of the few significant painters in France during the reigns of Charles IX and Henry III. His work is notable for reflecting the elegant but unstable Valois court during the Wars of Religion (1560–98). Caron was hired by Francesco Primaticcio, an Italian Mannerist painter,

Vincente Minnelli: Films of the early 1950s: Father of the Bride, An American in Paris, and The Bad and the Beautiful: …a young perfume-shop clerk (Leslie Caron). An American in Paris offered such Gershwin gems as “  ’S Wonderful” and “I Got Rhythm.” But it was the film’s spectacular concluding number, a 17-minute ballet with sets designed in the style of French Impressionist paintings that cost a half million dollars…

Hector, baron de Carondelet was the governor of the Spanish territory of Louisiana and West Florida from 1791 to 1797. Carondelet was born of a distinguished Burgundian family and married into an influential Spanish family. He served in a number of other Spanish colonial posts before his

Hector, baron de Carondelet was the governor of the Spanish territory of Louisiana and West Florida from 1791 to 1797. Carondelet was born of a distinguished Burgundian family and married into an influential Spanish family. He served in a number of other Spanish colonial posts before his

Caroni River, river in northwestern Trinidad, in the country of Trinidad and Tobago in the southern Caribbean Sea. It rises near Valencia on the southern edge of the Northern Range uplands and flows roughly west to empty via the saline mangrove channels of the Caroni Swamp into the Gulf of Paria,

Caroní River, river in Bolívar estado (state), southeastern Venezuela. Its headwaters flow from the slopes of Mount Roraima in the Sierra Pacaraima, where Venezuela, Brazil, and Guyana meet. The Caroní flows generally northward across the Guiana Highlands, covering much of southeastern Venezuela

Caroni River: …saline mangrove channels of the Caroni Swamp into the Gulf of Paria, between Trinidad and Venezuela, a mile or so south of Port of Spain. It drains the area between the Northern and Central ranges. Its length is about 25 miles (40 km), and it is partly navigable by flat-bottomed…

Caroní River, river in Bolívar estado (state), southeastern Venezuela. Its headwaters flow from the slopes of Mount Roraima in the Sierra Pacaraima, where Venezuela, Brazil, and Guyana meet. The Caroní flows generally northward across the Guiana Highlands, covering much of southeastern Venezuela

ship: Passenger liners in the 20th century: …size at 650 feet (Caronia and Carmania) were fitted, respectively, with quadruple-expansion piston engines and a steam-turbine engine so that a test comparison could be made; the turbine-powered Carmania was nearly a knot faster. Cunard’s giant ships, the Lusitania and the Mauretania

Carora, city, west-central Lara estado (state), northwestern Venezuela. It is situated on the Morere, an affluent of the Tocuyo River, west of Barquisimeto. Carora lies at 1,128 feet (344 metres) above sea level. The city has a fine parish church, a Franciscan convent, and a hermitage. Carora was

Hans Carossa was a poet and novelist who contributed to the development of the German autobiographical novel. Carossa’s literary career began with a book of lyric poetry, Stella Mystica (1902; “Mystical Star”), in which a reflective, philosophical attitude dominates the expression of emotions. This

carotene, any of several organic compounds widely distributed as pigments in plants and animals and converted in the livers of many animals into vitamin A. These pigments are unsaturated hydrocarbons (having many double bonds), belonging to the isoprenoid series. Several isomeric forms (same

carotenemia, yellow skin discoloration caused by excess blood carotene; it may follow overeating of such carotenoid-rich foods as carrots, sweet potatoes, or

carotenemia, yellow skin discoloration caused by excess blood carotene; it may follow overeating of such carotenoid-rich foods as carrots, sweet potatoes, or

carotenoid, any of a group of nonnitrogenous yellow, orange, or red pigments that are almost universally distributed in living things. There are two major types: the hydrocarbon class, or carotenes, and the oxygenated (alcoholic) class, or xanthophylls. Synthesized by bacteria, fungi, lower algae,

Wallace Hume Carothers was an American chemist who developed nylon, the first synthetic polymer fibre to be produced commercially (in 1938) and one that laid the foundation of the synthetic-fibre industry. At the University of Illinois and later at Harvard University, Carothers did research and

circulatory system: Amphibians: They are the carotid (the third), systemic (the fourth), and pulmonary (the sixth) arches. Blood to the lungs (and skin in frogs) is always carried by the sixth arterial arch, which loses its connection to the dorsal aorta. All land vertebrates supply their lungs with deoxygenated blood from…

carotid artery, one of several arteries that supply blood to the head and neck. Of the two common carotid arteries, which extend headward on each side of the neck, the left originates in the arch of the aorta over the heart; the right originates in the brachiocephalic trunk, the largest branch from

hormone: Endocrine-like glands and secretions: The carotid glands are stimulated by a decrease in the oxygen content of the blood and are considered to be the source of a substance, the nature of which has not yet been established with certainty, that promotes the process of red blood cell formation (erythropoiesis).

hormone: Endocrine-like glands and secretions: The carotid glands are stimulated by a decrease in the oxygen content of the blood and are considered to be the source of a substance, the nature of which has not yet been established with certainty, that promotes the process of red blood cell formation (erythropoiesis).

syncope: Carotid sinus syncope, sometimes called the tight-collar syndrome, also causes brief unconsciousness from impaired blood flow to the brain. Unlike the ordinary faint, this syncope is not preceded by pallor, nausea, and sweating. (The carotid sinus is a widened portion of the carotid artery where…

syncope: Carotid sinus syncope, sometimes called the tight-collar syndrome, also causes brief unconsciousness from impaired blood flow to the brain. Unlike the ordinary faint, this syncope is not preceded by pallor, nausea, and sweating. (The carotid sinus is a widened portion of the carotid artery where…

Giovan Francesco Caroto was a Venetian painter whose largely derivative works are distinguished by their craftsmanship and sense of colour. A pupil of Liberale de Verona, Caroto came under the influence of the vigorous linearism and classical orientation of Andrea Mantegna during a sojourn in

Henry King: Later films: Carousel (1956), an adaptation of Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein’s Broadway musical, was another huge success. It starred Gordon MacRae and Shirley Jones. In 1957 King revisited Hemingway’s work, adapting the novel The Sun Also Rises. King’s solid production was especially

tournament: …tournament eventually degenerated into the carrousel, a kind of equestrian polonaise, and the more harmless sport of tilting at a ring. In modern times there have been occasional romantic revivals, the most famous perhaps being the tournament at Eglinton Castle, in Scotland, in 1839, described in Disraeli’s novel Endymion (1880).…

Agnes de Mille: …One Touch of Venus (1943), Carousel (1945), Brigadoon (1947), Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1949), Paint Your Wagon (1951), The Girl in Pink Tights (1954), and 110 in the Shade (1963). She also arranged dances for the films Romeo and Juliet (1936) and

Judith Leyster: …Carousing Couple (1630; also called The Happy Couple), and Boy Playing the Flute (c. 1635).

Adriaen van Ostade: …a principal group, as in Carousing Peasants in an Interior (c. 1638). He treated these themes with a broad and vigorous technique in a subdued range of colours that often borders on monochrome and used a considerable element of caricature to underline the coarseness of his peasant types. Ostade’s colour…

Edith Roosevelt was an American first lady (1901–09), the second wife of Theodore Roosevelt, 26th president of the United States. She was noted for institutionalizing the duties of the first lady and refurbishing the White House. (Read Eleanor Roosevelt’s Britannica essay on Franklin Roosevelt.)

carp, widely, any of several fish species classified in the genus Cyprinus in the family Cyprinidae but usually, and narrowly, the common, or European, carp (Cyprinus carpio) and its close relatives within the genus Cyprinus. The carp is a hardy greenish brown fish. It is native to Eurasia but has

aquaculture: Carp: Carp raising, practiced worldwide, is a good example of advanced techniques. For the whole life cycle at least three different types of ponds are used in Europe. Special shallow and warm ponds with rich vegetation provide a good environment for spawning, a process that…

ostariophysan: Annotated classification: Family Cyprinidae (minnows, goldfish, bitterlings, barbs, and carps) Pharyngeal teeth in 1 to 3 rows. Some with 1 or 2 pairs of small barbels. Food habits variable. Food fishes of sport and commercial value; aquarium fishes. Size 2.5–250 cm (1 inch to more than 8 feet).…

fish louse, any member of the crustacean subclass Branchiura, a group of parasites of migratory marine and freshwater fishes. Of the approximately 120 known species, most belong to the genus Argulus. The fish louse has a very distinctive oval-shaped, flattened body formed by a broad carapace. Other

fish louse, any member of the crustacean subclass Branchiura, a group of parasites of migratory marine and freshwater fishes. Of the approximately 120 known species, most belong to the genus Argulus. The fish louse has a very distinctive oval-shaped, flattened body formed by a broad carapace. Other

Vittore Carpaccio was the greatest early Renaissance narrative painter of the Venetian school. Carpaccio may have been a pupil of Lazzaro Bastiani, but the dominant influences on his early work were those of Gentile Bellini and Antonello da Messina. The style of his work suggests he might also have

carpal bone, any of several small angular bones that in humans make up the wrist (carpus), and in horses, cows, and other quadrupeds the “knee” of the foreleg. They correspond to the tarsal bones of the rear or lower limb. Their number varies. Primitive vertebrates typically had 12. In modern

wrist: …through a narrow opening, the carpal tunnel. In carpal tunnel syndrome, a narrowing of this opening painfully compresses the nerves during wrist flexion. Other common wrist problems include bone fractures, dislocations of the various component joints, and inflamed tendons and ligaments from overuse.

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), condition of numbness, tingling, or pain in the wrist caused by repetitive flexing or stressing of the fingers or wrist over a long period of time. Possibly the most common repetitive stress injury in the workplace, CTS is frequently associated with the modern office,

Carpathia, British passenger liner that was best known for rescuing survivors from the ship Titanic in 1912. The Carpathia was in service from 1903 to 1918, when it was sunk by a German U-boat. The Carpathia was built by Swan and Hunter for the Cunard Line. Construction of the vessel began on

bellflower: Tussock bellflower, or Carpathian harebell (C. carpatica), has lavender to white bowl-shaped, long-stalked flowers and forms clumps in eastern European meadows and woodlands. Fairy thimbles (C. cochleariifolia), named for its deep nodding blue to white bells, forms loosely open mats on alpine screes. Bethlehem stars…

Carpathian Mountains, a geologically young European mountain chain forming the eastward continuation of the Alps. From the Danube Gap, near Bratislava, Slovakia, they swing in a wide crescent-shaped arc some 900 miles (1,450 kilometres) long to near Orşova, Romania, at the portion of the Danube

Janet Frame: …to have several identities; and The Carpathians (1988), an allegory-laden investigation of language and memory. The latter work earned her the Commonwealth Writers’ Prize (later called the Commonwealth Book Prize) in 1989.

Rusyn, any of several East Slavic peoples (modern-day Belarusians, Ukrainians, and Carpatho-Rusyns) and their languages. The name Rusyn is derived from Rus (Ruthenia), the name of the territory that they inhabited. The name Ruthenian derives from the Latin Ruthenus (singular), a term found in

Rusyn: Belarusians, Ukrainians, and Carpatho-Rusyns) and their languages. The name Rusyn is derived from Rus (Ruthenia), the name of the territory that they inhabited. The name Ruthenian derives from the Latin Ruthenus (singular), a term found in medieval sources to describe the Slavic inhabitants of Eastern Christian religion (Orthodox…

Ruthenian Catholic Church, an Eastern Catholic Christian church of the Byzantine rite, in communion with the Roman Catholic Church since the Union of Uzhhorod (or Uzhgorod) in 1646. Eastern Catholic churches generally have been associated with a national or ethnic group, preserving patterns of

Slavic languages: East Slavic: Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarusian: Carpathian, also called Carpatho-Rusyn, has sometimes been considered a language apart. In 1995 a codified form of it (Rusyn) was presented in Slovakia, thus enabling the teaching of Rusyn in schools.

Ukraine: Transcarpathia in Czechoslovakia: …autonomy to Transcarpathia, officially renamed Carpatho-Ukraine. In November Hungary occupied a strip of territory including the Carpatho-Ukrainian capital of Uzhhorod, and the autonomous government transferred its seat to Khust. On March 15, 1939, the diet proclaimed the independence of Carpatho-Ukraine while the country was already in the midst of occupation…

Transylvanian Alps, mountainous region of south-central Romania. It consists of that section of the Carpathian Mountain arc from the Prahova River valley (east) to the gap in which flow the Timiş and Cerna rivers. Average elevation in the Transylvanian Alps is 4,920–5,740 feet (1,500–1,750 metres).

Europe: Elevations: …feet [2,655 metres]) in the Western Carpathians, and Mount Moldoveanu (8,346 feet [2,544 metres]) in the Transylvanian Alps. Above all, in southern Europe—Austria and Switzerland included—level, low-lying land is scarce, and mountain, plateau, and hill landforms dominate.

Romania: Land of Romania: …of Moldova), stretches from the Eastern Carpathian Mountains to the Prut River on the Ukrainian border. In western Romania, the historic Banat region is bounded on the north by the Mureș River and reaches west and south into Hungary and Serbia. Finally, bounded on the north and east by the…

carpe diem: …subject with his poem “Carpe Diem,” first published in 1938. In it children are encouraged by a figure called Age to “‘Be happy, happy, happy / And seize the day of pleasure.’” By the 21st century the phrase could be found in the names of catering companies, gyms, and…

carpe diem, phrase used by the Roman poet Horace to express the idea that one should enjoy life while one can. Carpe diem is part of Horace’s injunction “carpe diem quam minimum credula postero,” which appears in his Odes (I.11), published in 23 bce. It can be translated literally as “pluck the

Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux was the leading French sculptor of his time. His works, containing a lively realism, rhythm, and variety that were in opposition to contemporary French academic sculpture, form a prelude to the art of Auguste Rodin, who revered him. For some time, Carpeaux was a student of

Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux was the leading French sculptor of his time. His works, containing a lively realism, rhythm, and variety that were in opposition to contemporary French academic sculpture, form a prelude to the art of Auguste Rodin, who revered him. For some time, Carpeaux was a student of

protozoan: Annotated classification: Carpediemonas Biflagellated, free-living unicells with a broad cytostome containing a posterior-directed flagellum. Eopharyngia Lack typical mitochondria; possess a single kinetid and nucleus. Diplomonadida Binucleate with a duplicated flagellar apparatus;

carpel, One of the leaflike, seed-bearing structures that constitute the innermost whorl of a flower. One or more carpels make up the pistil. Fertilization of an egg within a carpel by a pollen grain from another flower results in seed development within the

Edith Rebecca Saunders: …as to her theory of carpel polymorphism, which attempted to explain the variations she observed in plant carpel and gynoecium morphology. In her theory of carpel polymorphism, Saunders believed that each vascular trace (strand of fluid-filled tissue) in a gynoecium was associated with a separate carpel and that the gynoecium…

Australia: The Interior Lowlands: …by three major basins, the Carpentaria Basin, the Eyre Basin, and the Murray Basin. The Carpentaria and Eyre basins are separated by such minute residual relief elements as Mount Brown and Mount Fort Bowen in northwestern Queensland. The Wilcannia threshold divides the Eyre and Murray basins, and the latter is…

Cape York Peninsula, northernmost extremity of Australia, projecting into theTorres Strait between the Gulf of Carpentaria (west) and the Coral Sea (east). From its tip at Cape York it extends southward in Queensland for about 500 miles (800 km), widening to its base, which spans 400 miles (650 km)

Gulf of Carpentaria, shallow rectangular inlet of the Arafura Sea (part of the Pacific Ocean), indenting the northern coast of Australia. Neglected for centuries, the gulf became internationally significant in the late 20th and early 21st centuries with the exploitation of its bauxite, manganese,

ant: Natural history: Carpenter ants (Camponotus) are large black ants common in North America that live in old logs and timbers. Some species live in trees or in the hollow stems of weeds. Tailor, or weaver, ants, found in the tropics of Africa (e.g., Tetramorium), make nests of…

carpenter bee, (subfamily Xylocopinae), any of a group of small bees in the family Anthophoridae (order Hymenoptera) that are found in most areas of the world. The small carpenter bee, Ceratina, is about six mm (0.2 inch) long and of metallic coloration. It nests in plant stems, which the female

Carpenter Gothic, style of architecture that utilized Gothic forms in domestic U.S. architecture in the mid-19th century. The houses executed in this phase of the Gothic Revival style show little awareness of and almost no concern for the original structure and proportions of Gothic buildings and

carpenter moth, (family Cossidae), any member of a group of insects in the moth and butterfly order, Lepidoptera, whose pale, nearly hairless larvae bore in wood or pithy stems and can be highly destructive. The larvae live one to three years. Adults have vestigial mouthparts, long, thick bodies,

crank: The carpenter’s brace, invented about ad 1400 by a Flemish carpenter, may be considered the first complete crank, since it had four right-angle bends, with the arm and wrist of the operator forming the connecting rod.

figwort: Maryland figwort (S. marilandica), up to 3 metres (10 feet) tall, has greenish purple flowers; it is also called carpenter’s square because of its four-sided grooved stems. At least one species, S. auriculata, is cultivated as an ornamental.

Edward Carpenter was an English writer identified with social and sexual reform and the late 19th-century anti-industrial Arts and Crafts Movement. Carpenter was educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he was elected a fellow and ordained in 1869. In 1870 he became the theologian Frederick

Jean Harlow was an American actress who was the original “Blonde Bombshell.” Known initially for her striking beauty and forthright sexuality, Harlow developed considerably as an actress, but she died prematurely at the height of her career. The daughter of a prosperous Kansas City dentist, Harlow

London 1908 Olympic Games: …disqualified the apparent winner, American John Carpenter, for deliberately impeding the path of Wyndham Halswelle of Great Britain. A new race was ordered, but the other qualifiers, both American, refused to run. Halswelle then won the gold in the only walkover in Olympic history. (See also Sidebar: Dorando Pietri: Falling…

John Carpenter is an American filmmaker who is regarded as a master of the low-budget horror film. He often wrote, produced, and scored the movies he directed, many of which became cult classics. When Carpenter was five years old, he moved with his family from northern New York to Bowling Green,

John Alden Carpenter was an American composer who was prominent in the 1920s and was one of the earliest to use jazz rhythms in orchestral music. Carpenter studied at Harvard University under the conservative German-influenced composer John Knowles Paine but then joined his father’s shipping-supply

John Carpenter is an American filmmaker who is regarded as a master of the low-budget horror film. He often wrote, produced, and scored the movies he directed, many of which became cult classics. When Carpenter was five years old, he moved with his family from northern New York to Bowling Green,

Scott Carpenter was an American test pilot and astronaut who was one of the original seven astronauts in NASA’s Project Mercury and the fourth to be launched into space. As the second U.S. astronaut to make an orbital spaceflight, he circled Earth three times on May 24, 1962, in Aurora 7. Carpenter

Mary Carpenter was a British philanthropist, social reformer, and founder of free schools for poor children, the “ragged schools.” Carpenter was educated in the school run by her father, a Unitarian minister. In 1829 she and her mother and sisters opened a girls’ school in Bristol. Later she

Lucinda Williams: That same year, Mary Chapin Carpenter covered Williams’s “Passionate Kisses,” a single from her self-titled album. Carpenter’s version earned Williams a Grammy Award for country song of the year.

human intelligence: Cognitive theories: The psychologists Marcel Just and Patricia Carpenter, for example, showed that complicated intelligence-test items, such as figural matrix problems involving reasoning with geometric shapes, could be solved by a sophisticated computer program at a level of accuracy comparable to that of human test takers. It is in this way that…

Gulf of Carpentaria: The gulf was named for Pieter de Carpentier, governor-general (1623–27) of the Dutch East Indies.

Scott Carpenter was an American test pilot and astronaut who was one of the original seven astronauts in NASA’s Project Mercury and the fourth to be launched into space. As the second U.S. astronaut to make an orbital spaceflight, he circled Earth three times on May 24, 1962, in Aurora 7. Carpenter

John Updike: …gathered in his first book, The Carpentered Hen and Other Tame Creatures (1958), which was followed by his first novel, The Poorhouse Fair (1958).

Carpenters Ridge, topographic feature located in the Indian Ocean near the mouth of the Bay of Bengal; it is the northern end of the Ninetyeast Ridge. The Carpenters Ridge trends north-south, the northern end terminating near the Ganges delta. It is an aseismic ridge—i.e., it has no associated

Downey: …to the 1970s pop duo the Carpenters, who lived in the city in the 1960s. A community college was established in neighbouring Norwalk in 1955. Inc. 1956. Pop. (2010) 111,772; (2020) 114,355.

carpenter moth: The carpenterworm moth (Prinoxystus robiniae) has a wingspan of about 5 cm (2 inches) and is the most familiar North American cossid. The mahogany-coloured larvae of the goat moth (Cossus cossus) attack deciduous trees and exude a strong, goatlike odour. The members of this family are…

Alejo Carpentier was a leading Latin American literary figure, considered one of the best novelists of the 20th century. He was also a musicologist, an essayist, and a playwright. Among the first practitioners of the style known as “magic realism,” he exerted a decisive influence on the works of

Alejo Carpentier was a leading Latin American literary figure, considered one of the best novelists of the 20th century. He was also a musicologist, an essayist, and a playwright. Among the first practitioners of the style known as “magic realism,” he exerted a decisive influence on the works of

Georges Carpentier was a French boxer who was world light-heavyweight champion (1920–22) and a European champion at four weight classes. (Read Gene Tunney’s 1929 Britannica essay on boxing.) Carpentier’s victories over British opponents—Joe Beckett, “Bombardier” Billy Wells, and Ted (“Kid”)

Oakland: History: In 1851 Horace W. Carpentier started a trans-bay ferry service to San Francisco and acquired a town site (1852) to the west of Brooklyn, naming it Oakland for the oak trees on the grassy plain. Carpentier and his associates extended the area and incorporated it as a…

Comtat-Venaissin: Its capital was Carpentras. Comtat-Venaissin is a picturesque territory, varying in scenery between the foothills of the Alps and large plains, which are irrigated by canals supplied by the Rhône, Durance, and Sorgue rivers.

carpentry, the art and trade of cutting, working, and joining timber. The term includes both structural timberwork in framing and items such as doors, windows, and staircases. In the past, when buildings were often wholly constructed of timber framing, the carpenter played a considerable part in

Tom Carper is an American politician who was elected as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate in 2000 and began representing Delaware in that body the following year. He previously served as governor of the state (1993–2001). Carper spent most of his childhood in Danville, Virginia. He studied economics

Tom Carper is an American politician who was elected as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate in 2000 and began representing Delaware in that body the following year. He previously served as governor of the state (1993–2001). Carper spent most of his childhood in Danville, Virginia. He studied economics

rug and carpet, any decorative textile normally made of a thick material and now usually intended as a floor covering. Until the 19th century the word carpet was used for any cover, such as a table cover or wall hanging; since the introduction of machine-made products, however, it has been used

dermestid beetle: The red-brown or golden-brown carpet beetle larva (e.g., Anthrenus) is about 5 mm (0.197 in) long and very destructive; it attacks fur, furniture, rugs, carpets, and clothing. The oval adults feed on pollen, are usually between 2.2 and 3.5 mm (0.087 and 0.138 in) in length, have brightly coloured…

creeping bent, (Agrostis stolonifera), perennial grass of the family Poaceae, widely used as a lawn and turf grass. Creeping bent is native to Eurasia and northern Africa and commonly grows in wetlands. The plant is widely naturalized in many places throughout the world and is considered an

carpet bombing, devastating bombing attack that seeks to destroy every part of a wide area. Some military strategists characterize “carpet bombing” as an emotional term that does not describe any actual military strategy. However, Article 51 of Geneva Protocol I prohibits bombardment that treats a

bugleweed: Carpet, or common, bugleweed (Ajuga reptans) forms colonies of rosettes of dark green oval leaves in damp meadows or woodlands. It produces short spikes of blue, or occasionally pink or white, flowers on stems up to 30 cm (12 inches) long and uses stolons (runners)…

carpet grass, (Axonopus fissifolius), mat-forming perennial grass of the family Poaceae, native to sandy soils in southeastern North America. Carpet grass is occasionally used as a lawn and pasture grass in warm areas, but its use generally indicates declining soil fertility, because it is a