Orson Welles: Films of the 1950s: Othello, Mr. Arkadin, and Touch of Evil: Mr. Arkadin (1955; also called Confidential Report) was based on an original story by Welles and was financed by European investors, who removed him from the film during editing. It is a Citizen Kane-like story with a different but equally tragic ending: the wealthy and…

configuration, in chemistry, the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule. The configuration is usually depicted by means of a three-dimensional model (a ball-and-stick model), a perspective drawing, or a plane projection diagram. Until late in the 20th century, the experimental determination of

chemical bonding: Comparison of the VB and MO theories: …molecular orbitals (the procedure of configuration interaction). As these two improvement schemes are pursued, the wave functions generated by the two approaches converge on one another and the electron distributions they predict become identical.

A.L. Kroeber: …efforts, Configurations of Culture Growth (1945), sought to trace the growth and decline of all of civilized man’s thought and art. The Nature of Culture (1952) collected Kroeber’s essays published on such topics as cultural theory, kinship, social psychology, and psychoanalysis.

mechanics: Configuration space: The position of a single particle is specified by giving its three coordinates, x, y, and z. To specify the positions of two particles, six coordinates are needed, x 1, y 1, z 1, x 2, y 2, z 2. If there are…

electronic configuration, the arrangement of electrons in orbitals around an atomic nucleus. The electronic configuration of an atom in the quantum-mechanical model is stated by listing the occupied orbitals, in order of filling, with the number of electrons in each orbital indicated by

Italy: Later economic trends: …from the employers’ association, the Confederation of Industries (Confindustria). This was reflected in a sharp fall in inflation to 12 percent in 1984 and down to 4.2 percent in 1986. However, a three-year contract signed in 1987 between Confindustria and trade unions representing all civil servants and some private industrial…

aquifer: Types: A confined aquifer is a water-bearing stratum that is confined or overlain by a rock layer that does not transmit water in any appreciable amount or that is impermeable. There probably are few truly confined aquifers, because tests have shown that the confining strata, or layers,…

strong force: …baryons, a phenomenon known as confinement. At distances comparable to the diameter of a proton, the strong interaction between quarks is about 100 times greater than the electromagnetic interaction. At smaller distances, however, the strong force between quarks becomes weaker, and the quarks begin to behave like independent particles, an…

Central America: Unification of the isthmus: …Yucatán to Panama as the Audiencia de los Confines, with its capital centrally located in Honduras in 1544 at the gold-mining boomtown of Gracias. The gold soon gave out, however, and the town was otherwise isolated and remote. Responding to protests from Panama City and Santiago de Guatemala, in 1548…

confirmation, Christian rite by which admission to the church, established previously in infant baptism, is said to be confirmed (or strengthened and established in faith). It is considered a sacrament in Roman Catholic and Anglican churches, and it is equivalent to the Eastern Orthodox sacrament

confirmation bias, people’s tendency to process information by looking for, or interpreting, information that is consistent with their existing beliefs. This biased approach to decision making is largely unintentional, and it results in a person ignoring information that is inconsistent with their

confiscation, in property law, act of appropriating private property for state or sovereign use. Confiscation as an incident of state power can be traced back to the Roman Empire and earlier; it has existed in some form in most countries around the world. It was most often predicated on the doing

Confiscation Acts, (1861–64), in U.S. history, series of laws passed by the federal government during the American Civil War that were designed to liberate slaves in the seceded states. The first Confiscation Act, passed on Aug. 6, 1861, authorized Union seizure of rebel property, and it stated

Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke: 14, 1759, the French admiral Hubert de Brienne, Count de Conflans, taking advantage of an opening in Hawke’s blockade, headed southeast from Brest along the French coast to pick up troops for the invasion. Six days later Hawke’s fleet of some 23 ships caught up with Conflans’ 21-vessel squadron and…

Charles: Early years: …on the Somme in the Treaty of Conflans (October 1465) and to promise him the hand of his daughter Anne of France, with Champagne as dowry. Louis continued to encourage the towns of Dinant and Liège to revolt against Burgundy. But Charles sacked Dinant (1466), and the Liégeois were defeated…

Curtis Bernhardt: Early years in Hollywood: …more interest was the suspenseful Conflict (1945), which starred Humphrey Bogart in an overly contrived plot that nonetheless allowed Bernhardt to create moody visuals. My Reputation (1946) was arguably the best film of his career to that time, an elegant soap opera with Barbara Stanwyck and George Brent.

social change: Conflict, competition, and cooperation: Group conflict has often been viewed as a basic mechanism of social change, especially of those radical and sudden social transformations identified as revolutions. Marxists in particular tend to depict social life in capitalist society as a struggle between a ruling…

conflict, in psychology, the arousal of two or more strong motives that cannot be solved together. A youngster, for example, may want to go to a dance to feel that he belongs to a group and does what his friends do. For an adolescent in Western culture, that is a strong motive. But the youth may be

blood diamond, as defined by the United Nations (UN), any diamond that is mined in areas controlled by forces opposed to the legitimate, internationally recognized government of a country and that is sold to fund military action against that government. The very specific UN definition of blood

conflict of laws, the existence worldwide, and within individual countries, of different legal traditions, different specific rules of private law, and different systems of private law, all of which are administered by court systems similarly subject to different rules and traditions of procedure.

community organizing: In conflict organizing, strong internal community ties are thought to be sufficient to empower people and effect change. In practice, some conflict organizers explicitly reject developing associations with those in power, for fear of having group members coopted when they share responsibilities with people in advantaged…

persuasion: Those who stress this conflict-resolution model (frequently called congruity, balance, consistency, or dissonance theorists) focus on how people weigh these forces in adjusting their attitudes. Some theorists who take this point of departure stress the intellectual aspects of persuasion, while others emphasize emotional considerations.

Joy Harjo: In Conflict Resolution for Holy Beings (2015), Harjo chronicled the joys and struggles of everyday life of Native Americans, beginning with the Trail of Tears, the forced relocation in the 1830s of Eastern Woodlands Indians of the Southeast region of the United States. Displacement and the…

sociology: The functionalist-conflict debate: …some sociologists proposed a “conflict sociology.” In this view, the dominant institutions repress the weaker groups. This view gained prominence in the United States with the social turmoil of the civil rights struggle and the Vietnam War over the 1960s and ’70s and prompted many younger sociologists to adopt…

sociology: The functionalist-conflict debate: …some sociologists proposed a “conflict sociology.” In this view, the dominant institutions repress the weaker groups. This view gained prominence in the United States with the social turmoil of the civil rights struggle and the Vietnam War over the 1960s and ’70s and prompted many younger sociologists to adopt…

Koblenz, city, Rhineland-Palatinate Land (state), western Germany. It lies at the junction of the Rhine and Moselle (Mosel) rivers (hence its Roman name, Confluentes) and is surrounded by spurs from the Eifel, Hunsrück, Westerwald, and Taunus mountains. A Roman town founded in 9 bce, it was a

microscope: Confocal microscopes: The field of view of a microscope is limited by the geometric optics and by the ability to design optics that provide a constant aberration correction over a large field of view. If a scanning arrangement is used, the objective can be used…

microscope: Confocal microscopes: The field of view of a microscope is limited by the geometric optics and by the ability to design optics that provide a constant aberration correction over a large field of view. If a scanning arrangement is used, the objective can be used…

Germany: Frederick II and the princes: …the ecclesiastical princes (the so-called Confoederatio cum Principibus Ecclesiasticis, 1220) and later to all territorial lords (Constitutio, or Statutum in Favorem Principum, 1232) gave them written guarantees against the activities of royal demesne officials and limited the development of imperial towns at the expense of episcopal territories. But the charters…

conformal map, In mathematics, a transformation of one graph into another in such a way that the angle of intersection of any two lines or curves remains unchanged. The most common example is the Mercator map, a two-dimensional representation of the surface of the earth that preserves compass

conformation, any one of the infinite number of possible spatial arrangements of atoms in a molecule that result from rotation of its constituent groups of atoms about single bonds. Different conformations are possible for any molecule in which a single covalent bond connects two polyatomic groups,

hydrocarbon: Cycloalkanes: …the most important principles of conformational analysis have been developed by examining cyclohexane. Three conformations of cyclohexane, designated as chair, boat, and skew (or twist), are essentially free of angle strain. Of these three the chair is the most stable, mainly because it has a staggered arrangement of all its…

isomerism: Conformational isomers: Methane (CH4) is a molecule that is a perfect tetrahedron, and so it is commonly said that no isomerism is possible with methane. However, the carbon-hydrogen bonds of methane constantly vibrate and bend, so that on very short timescales an apparent isomerism can…

Italian literature: Other writings: Agostino), Il conformista (1951; The Conformist), and La noia (1960; “The Tedium”; Eng. trans. Empty Canvas) stand out as particular achievements. Soldati, in works such as Le lettere da Capri (1953; The Capri Letters) and Le due città (1964; “The Two Cities”)—and in a later novel, L’incendio (1981; “The…

Bernardo Bertolucci: His Il conformista (1970; The Conformist) is the film in which Bertolucci attained full maturity as a director. The film’s protagonist is a young civil servant who attempts to deal with his own inadequacies through conformity to the prevailing social order in Fascist Italy under Benito Mussolini. Ultimo tango…

Bernardo Bertolucci: His Il conformista (1970; The Conformist) is the film in which Bertolucci attained full maturity as a director. The film’s protagonist is a young civil servant who attempts to deal with his own inadequacies through conformity to the prevailing social order in Fascist Italy under Benito Mussolini. Ultimo tango…

Italian literature: Other writings: Agostino), Il conformista (1951; The Conformist), and La noia (1960; “The Tedium”; Eng. trans. Empty Canvas) stand out as particular achievements. Soldati, in works such as Le lettere da Capri (1953; The Capri Letters) and Le due città (1964; “The Two Cities”)—and in a later novel, L’incendio (1981; “The…

conformity, the process whereby people change their beliefs, attitudes, actions, or perceptions to more closely match those held by groups to which they belong or want to belong or by groups whose approval they desire. Conformity has important social implications and continues to be actively

Ambrosian chant: …the Ambrosian rite uses the Confractorium, a Proper chant (one having a text that varies during the church year), whereas the Gregorian has the Agnus Dei, an Ordinary chant. The Ambrosian Ordinary chants are generally but not always syllabic (one note per syllable). The festive Gloria has expressive melismas (many…

Latin American dance: Cuba: Also, the African religious cofradías (confraternities), known as cabildos in Cuba, were allowed to parade on January 6, Día de los Tres Reyes (Three Kings’ Day), and during Carnival. In socialist Cuba many of the rituals of the Roman Catholic Church were eliminated or secularized; Carnival was separated from…

Confrérie de la Passion, association of amateur actors drawn from the merchants and craftsmen of Paris, for the presentation of religious plays. In 1402 Charles VI granted them permission to produce mystery plays in the city, and their seasonal performances came to be highly regarded. Their

Confrérie de la Passion, association of amateur actors drawn from the merchants and craftsmen of Paris, for the presentation of religious plays. In 1402 Charles VI granted them permission to produce mystery plays in the city, and their seasonal performances came to be highly regarded. Their

Wujing, five ancient Chinese books whose prestige is so great that in the fourfold classification of Chinese writings the jing (“classics”) are placed before shi (“history”), zi (“philosophy”), and ji (“literature”) in order of importance. For 2,000 years these five classics, all associated in some

Confucianism: The Confucian revival: The Buddhist conquest of China and the Chinese transformation of Buddhism—a process entailing the introduction, domestication, growth, and appropriation of a distinctly Indian form of spirituality—lasted for at least six centuries. Since Buddhist ideas were introduced to China via Daoist categories and since…

Confucianism, the way of life propagated by Confucius in the 6th–5th century bce and followed by the Chinese people for more than two millennia. Although transformed over time, it is still the substance of learning, the source of values, and the social code of the Chinese. Its influence has also

Confucius was China’s most famous teacher, philosopher, and political theorist, whose ideas have profoundly influenced the civilizations of China and other East Asian countries. Confucius was born near the end of an era known in Chinese history as the Spring and Autumn Period (770–481 BCE). His

Kang Youwei: This book was followed by Confucius as a Reformer (1897), which expounded Kang’s belief that Confucius was concerned with contemporary problems and stood for change and that the progress of mankind was inevitable. His interpretation of Confucian teachings and researches on ancient texts later inspired modern scholarship in the reappraisal…

Shandong: Cultural life: The Temple of Confucius, Confucius’s tomb, and the residence of the Kong at Qufu are also maintained as national historic monuments. Both the temple and the Kong residence are laid out with elaborate temples, monuments, pavilions, and gates and have collections of stelae dating in some…

Confuciusornis, genus of extinct crow-sized birds that lived during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous (roughly 161 million to 100 million years ago). Confuciusornis fossils were discovered in the Chaomidianzi Formation of Liaoning province, China, in ancient lake deposits mixed with layers of

history of logic: The theory of supposition: …“Some horse is running”), (2) confused and distributive (e.g., horse in “Every horse is an animal”), and (3) merely confused (e.g., animal in “Every horse is an animal”). These types were described in terms of a notion of “descent to (or ascent from) singulars.” For example, in the statement “Every…

darkling beetle: …the smaller flour beetle (Tribolium confusum) are pests in dried foods. Remains of Tribolium have been found in a grain jar in an Egyptian tomb dating back to about 2500 bce. The flour beetle is also used in laboratory studies of population ecology, heredity, and behaviour because large numbers…

aberration: …smallest size known as the circle of least confusion. The image most free of spherical aberration is found at this distance.

Jack Ludwig: …Ludwig’s partly satiric first novel, Confusions (1963), are moral, social, sexual, and ethnic as a culturally schizophrenic young Jewish man seeks his identity. The hero of Above Ground (1968), after spending most of his youth in hospital rooms, finds rejuvenation in sexual encounters with a series of willing women. Both…

Lorenzo Valla: …so Valla rebutted with his Confutatio in Morandum (“Refutation of Morandi”). In a little dialogue, De professione religiosorum (“On Monastic Vows”), Valla criticized the vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience on the grounds that what mattered was “not a vow, but devotion.”

Charles V: Imperialist goals, rivalry with Francis I, and fight against Protestantism: …of Augsburg—and responded with the Confutation, which met with Charles’s approval. The final decree issued by the Diet accordingly confirmed, in somewhat expanded form, the resolutions embodied in the Edict of Worms of 1521. That, in turn, caused the Protestant princes to close ranks in the following year in the…

Thomas More: Years as chancellor of England: More’s longest book, The Confutation of Tyndale’s Answer, in two volumes (1532 and 1533), centers on “what the church is.” To the stress of stooping for hours over his manuscript More ascribed the sharp pain in his chest, perhaps angina, which he invoked when begging Henry to free…

cong, Chinese jade form begun in the late Neolithic Period, it diminished after the Shang (18th–12th century bc) and Zhou (1111–256/255 bc) dynasties. A hollow cylinder or truncated cone enclosed in a rectangular body, the cong varies in proportion from squat to quite tall. The outer flat surfaces

Vietnam, country occupying the eastern portion of mainland Southeast Asia. Tribal Viets inhabiting the Red River delta entered written history when China’s southward expansion reached them in the 3rd century bce. From that time onward, a dominant theme of Vietnam’s history has been interaction with

Kon Tum, city in the central highlands, south-central Vietnam. In 1851 Roman Catholic missionaries established a settlement near Kon Tum, at a site 140 miles (225 km) south-southeast of Hue. Lying at an elevation of 1,720 feet (524 metres), the city is a traditional trading entrepôt for hides,

cohong, the guild of Chinese merchants authorized by the central government to trade with Western merchants at Guangzhou (Canton) prior to the first Opium War (1839–42). Such firms often were called “foreign-trade firms” (yanghang) and the merchants who directed them “hong merchants” (hangshang).

Latin American dance: Cuba: …traditional Carnival dances, such as conga and chancletas (“sandals”), which originated in the colonial period. Conga is an upbeat walking dance that accents the fourth beat of the measure as the dancers (solo or in groups) wind through the streets. In formal parade units, simple conga choreographies give form and…

Yves Congar was a French Dominican priest who was widely recognized in his lifetime as one of the most important Roman Catholic theologians of the 20th century. Best known for his work in ecclesiology (theology of the church itself as an institution or community), Congar drew from biblical,

Yves Congar was a French Dominican priest who was widely recognized in his lifetime as one of the most important Roman Catholic theologians of the 20th century. Best known for his work in ecclesiology (theology of the church itself as an institution or community), Congar drew from biblical,

Victor Espinoza: …trainer Bob Baffert to ride Congaree. However, after Congaree finished third—despite having set a Kentucky Derby record for the fastest opening mile—Baffert took the jockey off the saddle because he was unhappy with the way that Espinoza had handled the horse. Espinoza’s first try at the Triple Crown—winning the Kentucky…

Congaree National Park, natural area in central South Carolina, U.S., about 20 miles (30 km) southeast of Columbia. Authorized in 1976 as Congaree Swamp National Monument, it was designated a national park and renamed in 2003; it became an international biosphere reserve in 1981. The park has an

Congaree River, river, central South Carolina, U.S., formed by the confluence of the Broad and Saluda rivers at Columbia. After a course of about 50 miles (80 km), part of which forms the boundary between Richland and Calhoun counties, the Congaree joins the Wateree River southeast of Columbia to

Congaree National Park: Congaree Swamp, the focus of the national park, is the largest area of virgin Southern bottomland hardwoods remaining in the United States. The park consists of an alluvial floodplain on the meandering Congaree River. Flooding occurs about 10 times a year but lasts only from…

Congaree National Park, natural area in central South Carolina, U.S., about 20 miles (30 km) southeast of Columbia. Authorized in 1976 as Congaree Swamp National Monument, it was designated a national park and renamed in 2003; it became an international biosphere reserve in 1981. The park has an

congé d’élire, formal message conveying the English sovereign’s permission for the dean and chapter of the cathedral of a vacant bishopric to proceed in regular chapter to a new election. Before the Norman Conquest (1066) it was the king’s prerogative to appoint bishops to vacant sees. This came to

Adam De La Halle: Le Congé (“The Leave Taking”) expresses his sorrow at leaving his wife and his native Arras. As court poet and musician to the Count d’Artois, he visited Naples and became famous for his polyphony as well as his topical productions, which are considered the predecessors…

sea ice: Sea ice formation and features: …a bottom-freezing process known as congelation. Congelation ice, with its distinctive columnar crystal texture due to the downward growth of the ice crystals into the water, is very common in Arctic pack ice and fast ice.

congenital adrenal hyperplasia, any of a group of inherited disorders that are characterized by enlargement of the adrenal glands resulting primarily from excessive secretion of androgenic hormones by the adrenal cortex. It is a disorder in which the deficiency or absence of a single enzyme has

congenital disorder, abnormality of structure and, consequently, function of the human body arising during development. This large group of disorders affects almost 5 percent of infants and includes several major groups of conditions. Malformations are abnormalities of the human form that arise

congenital disorder, abnormality of structure and, consequently, function of the human body arising during development. This large group of disorders affects almost 5 percent of infants and includes several major groups of conditions. Malformations are abnormalities of the human form that arise

bone disease: Abnormal stress on bone: In congenital dislocation of the hip, the socket part of the joint, the acetabulum, loses the mechanical stimulus for normal growth and development because the ball part of the joint, the head of the femur, does not rest in the joint. The acetabulum and a large…

congenital disorder, abnormality of structure and, consequently, function of the human body arising during development. This large group of disorders affects almost 5 percent of infants and includes several major groups of conditions. Malformations are abnormalities of the human form that arise

metabolic disease: Congenital disorders of glycosylation: Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG; formerly known as carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome) are recently described diseases that affect the brain and many other organs. The primary biochemical defects of CDG are in the N-glycosylation pathway that occurs in the cytoplasm and endoplasmic…

dysarthria: Congenital dysarthria can occur in conjunction with any disorder, inherited or acquired, that affects the muscles of speech production. Dysarthria acquired later in life may result from stroke, brain injury, a tumour, infection, or a progressive neurological disease such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis,…

porphyria: …of erythropoietic porphyria: (1) In congenital erythropoietic porphyria, or Günther’s disease, the excretion of pinkish urine is noted shortly after birth; later, the skin becomes fragile, and blisters may appear in body areas exposed to light; the teeth and bones are reddish brown. Anemia and enlargement of the spleen are…

congenital heart disease, any abnormality of the heart that is present at birth. Cardiac abnormalities are generally caused by abnormal development of the heart and circulatory system before birth. Abnormal development can be caused by a variety of factors, including infection and use of certain

congenital hip dislocation, disorder of unknown cause in which the head of the thighbone (femur) is displaced from its socket in the pelvic girdle. It is generally recognized at birth but in some cases can escape notice for a number of months, until the child places stress on its hips. The disorder

hydrocephalus: Hydrocephalus is often congenital, meaning that it is present at birth; however, it may be acquired and thus occurs later in life. Congenital hydrocephalus is typically caused by malformations of structures in the ventricles, including the ducts through which CSF flows. The most common congenital malformations that block…

congenital disorder: Other congenital disorders: There are numerous congenital immunodeficiency syndromes, some of which may not become manifest until exposure to a specific group of infectious organisms occurs. Another large group of congenitally caused disorders involves hormone deficiency or insensitivity, such as lack of growth hormone production or resistance of receptors to estrogen…

congenital disorder, abnormality of structure and, consequently, function of the human body arising during development. This large group of disorders affects almost 5 percent of infants and includes several major groups of conditions. Malformations are abnormalities of the human form that arise

megacolon: …syndrome are congenital megacolon, or Hirschsprung disease, and acquired megacolon. In congenital megacolon, the lowermost portion of the large intestine is congenitally lacking in normal nerve fibres; thus, peristalsis, or involuntary contractions, of the muscles of this part of the intestine cannot occur, and the bowel’s contents are not pushed…

ear disease: Congenital nerve deafness: Congenital nerve deafness, a defect of the auditory nerve in the cochlea, may be present at birth or acquired during or soon after birth. Usually both inner ears are affected to a similar degree, and as a rule there is a severe…

ptosis: In congenital ptosis the muscle that elevates the lid, called the levator palpebrae superioris, is usually absent or imperfectly developed. If severe and not corrected in a timely manner, congenital ptosis can lead to amblyopia and permanent vision loss. Congenital palsy of the third (oculomotor) cranial…

rubella: Fetal infection: …together, are referred to as congenital rubella syndrome. The risk to the fetus is greatly reduced if the mother is infected after 20 weeks’ gestation. If a woman of childbearing age has not had a natural infection with rubella virus, she should be immunized prior to pregnancy.

strabismus: Congenital, or infantile, strabismus appears in infancy and is presumably due to defects present at birth that are poorly understood. However, given the strong tendency for strabismus to run in families, the causes undoubtedly have some genetic component. While congenital strabismus is more common in…

conger eel, any of about 100 species of marine eels of the family Congridae (order Anguilliformes). Congers are scaleless eels with large heads, large gill slits, wide mouths, and strong teeth. They are usually grayish to blackish, with paler bellies and black-edged fins. Carnivorous fish found in

conger eel: The American conger, or sea eel (C. oceanicus), is a fierce game fish.

rhetoric: Elements of rhetoric: …be, that is the question”), congeries (an accumulation of statements or phrases that say essentially the same thing), apostrophe (a turning from one’s immediate audience to address another, who may be present only in the imagination), enthymeme (a loosely syllogistic form of reasoning in which the speaker assumes that any…

Jehan Bodel: 1200), and Les Congés (1202; “Leave-Takings”), his poignant farewell to his friends, a lyrical poem of 42 stanzas.

William Vickrey: This congestion pricing was later adopted by electric and telephone utilities and airlines. In his doctoral thesis, published as Agenda for Progressive Taxation (1947), he advocated an “optimal income tax” that would be based on long-term earnings rather than on yearly income.

congestive heart failure, Heart failure resulting in the accumulation of fluid in the lungs and other body tissues. It is related mainly to salt and water retention in the tissues rather than directly to reduced blood flow. Blood pools in the veins (vascular congestion) because the heart does not

splenomegaly: …form of the disorder, called congestive splenomegaly, the spleen becomes engorged with blood because of impaired flow through the splenic vein, which empties into the portal vein. Such impairment may be caused by liver disease, portal vein or splenic vein pathology, constrictive pericarditis, or congestive cardiac failure.

scorpaeniform: Annotated classification: Family Congiopodidae (horse fishes) Moderate-sized fishes with angular bodies and well-developed dorsal fin spines. Scaleless but sometimes rough skins. Size to 75 cm (30 inches). In moderately deep cold waters of Southern Hemisphere, off South America, Australia, and South Africa. 4 genera, 15 species. Suborder Dactylopteroidei Family…

measurement system: Greeks and Romans: …products and the quartarus, sextarius, congius, urna, and amphora for liquids. Since all of these were based on the sextarius and since no two extant sextarii are identical, a mean generally agreed upon today is 35.4 cubic inches, or nearly 1 pint (0.58 litre). The hemina, or half-sextarius, based on…

Congleton, town (parish) and former borough (district), Cheshire East unitary authority, historic county of Cheshire, northwestern England. Most of the area consists of level farmland typical of the Cheshire Plain, with a line of hills along the eastern side reaching elevations of 1,000 feet (305