pilot whale, (genus Globicephala), either of two species of small, slender toothed whales of the dolphin family Delphinidae. They are characterized by a round bulging forehead, a short beaklike snout, and slender pointed flippers. The short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus) and the

China: Aviation: …out solely by the state-run General Administration of Civil Aviation of China (CAAC) from 1949 until the mid-1980s. In an effort to improve efficiency and service, regional airlines were then introduced in competition with the airlines operated by the CAAC. In the early 21st century the CAAC’s airline-operating responsibilities were…

Caacupé, town, central Paraguay. The name Caacupé originated from the Guaraní word caaguycupé, meaning “the other side of the mountain.” Founded in 1770, the town nestles in a valley of the Altos Mountains. Although oranges, tobacco, and sugarcane grown in the hinterland are processed in the town,

mate: …made into a mate called caaminí. In a newer method, similar to the Chinese procedure for drying tea leaves, the leaves are heated in large cast-iron pans.

Francis Ford Coppola: Early years: …brain-damaged former football player (James Caan) and a Nebraska policeman (Robert Duvall). Warner Brothers had tied its financing of The Rain People to another project from Coppola’s fledgling Zoetrope Productions, THX 1138, directed by his friend George Lucas. Disappointed by the box-office results of Coppola’s film and unimpressed by…

ayahuasca, hallucinogenic drink made from the stem and bark of the tropical liana Banisteriopsis caapi and other botanical ingredients. First formulated by indigenous South Americans of the Amazon basin, ayahuasca is now used in many parts of the world. Some users experience visions and sensations,

South American forest Indian: Belief and aesthetic systems: …and elaborate adornments of the Caapor of Maranhão state, and the rich and varied ones of the Mundurukú are much celebrated.

South America: Caatinga: Caatinga (white forest) refers to the generally stunted, somewhat sparse, and often thorny vegetation of the dry interior of northeastern Brazil. Trees, leafless for long periods and able to resist drought, also are characteristic, particularly in the basin of the São Francisco River. Dominant…

Caazapá, town, southern Paraguay. Founded in 1607 by Friar Bolaños, the town is situated on the edge of the westward extension of the Brazilian Highlands, including the Cordillera (mountains) de Ybytyruzú. Caazapá is a lumbering and agricultural centre, and tanneries are also located there. The

interstate commerce: The Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB), which operated from 1938 to 1984, was involved in setting interstate routes as well as regulating fares for the commercial airlines. With the deregulation of the airline industry, however, the role of the CAB was much diminished, and its residual functions…

taxicab, chauffeur-driven automobile available for hire to carry passengers between any two points within a city or its suburbs for a fare determined by a meter or zone system or a flat rate. The taxicab is named after the taximeter, an instrument invented by Wilhelm Bruhn in 1891 that

Cabaiguán, city, central Cuba. It is situated about 10 miles (16 km) north-northeast of Sancti Spíritus. It is an important manufacturing and commercial centre for surrounding agricultural and pastoral lands known primarily for their sugarcane, although tobacco and fruits also are grown and cattle

cabal, a private organization or party engaged in secret intrigues; also, the intrigues themselves. In England the word was used during the 17th century to describe any secret or extralegal council of the king, especially the foreign committee of the Privy Council. The term took on its present

Friedrich Schiller: Early years and plays: …tragedy, Kabale und Liebe (1784; Cabal and Love). In this work about the love of a young aristocrat for a girl of humble origin, Schiller’s innate sense of drama comes to the fore. The appeal of its theme (the revolt of elemental human feeling against the artificialities of convention), the…

Kabbala, esoteric Jewish mysticism as it appeared in the 12th and following centuries. Kabbala has always been essentially an oral tradition in that initiation into its doctrines and practices is conducted by a personal guide to avoid the dangers inherent in mystical experiences. Esoteric Kabbala

Giordano Bruno: Works: The Cabala del cavallo Pegaseo (1585; “Cabal of the Horse Pegasus”), similar to but more pessimistic than the previous work, includes a discussion of the relationship between the human soul and the universal soul, concluding with the negation of the absolute individuality of the former. In…

Thornton Wilder: His first novel, The Cabala (1926), set in 20th-century Rome, is essentially a fantasy about the death of the pagan gods. His most popular novel, The Bridge of San Luis Rey (1927; Pulitzer Prize), which was adapted for film and television, examines the lives of five people who…

solitaire, family of card games played by one person. Solitaire was originally called (in various spellings) either patience, as it still is in England, Poland, and Germany, or cabale, as it still is in Scandinavian countries. The terms patience and solitaire have been applied to indicate any

cabaletta, (from Italian cobola, “couplet”), originally an operatic aria with a simple, animated rhythm, and later a fast concluding section of a two-part operatic aria. An example of the earlier type is “Le belle immagini” (“The Beautiful Images”) in Christoph Gluck’s Paride ed Elena (1770). In

Montserrat Caballé was a Spanish operatic soprano, admired for her versatility and phrasing and for her performances in the operas of Giuseppe Verdi, Gaetano Donizetti, and Richard Strauss. She began her studies as a child at the Conservatori Liceu in Barcelona with Eugenia Kenny and later

Latin American dance: Puerto Rico: …a symbol of Africa), the caballero (horseman, a symbol of Spain), the viejo (one who wears rags, symbol of the common man), and the loca (men dressed as women who traditionally swept filth from the streets).

Spanish literature: The 14th century: …of chivalry and first novel, El caballero Cifar (c. 1305; “The Knight Cifar”), based on St. Eustace, the Roman general miraculously converted to Christianity. Amadís de Gaula—the oldest known version of which, dating from 1508, was written in Spanish by Garci Rodríguez (or Ordóñez) de Montalvo, although it may have…

Colombia: Viceroyalty of New Granada: Archbishop Caballero y Góngora as viceroy (1782–88) made education one of his main interests. He modernized the program of studies in the schools, opened a school of mines, and initiated the botanical expedition under the able guidance of naturalist José Celestino Mutis. The new institute trained…

Fernán Caballero was a Spanish writer whose novels and stories depict the language, customs, and folklore of rural Andalusia. Her father was Johann Niklaus Böhl von Faber, a German businessman who converted to Roman Catholicism and became a well-known critic of Spanish literature. He moved the

Francisco Largo Caballero was a Spanish socialist leader, prominent during the Second Republic, of which he became prime minister soon after the outbreak of the civil war of 1936–39. Largo Caballero worked in Madrid as a plasterer before joining the Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party (Partido

Paraguay: Struggle for independence: …leadership of the militia captains Pedro Juan Cabellero and Fulgencio Yegros, they promptly deposed the governor and declared their independence on May 14, 1811.

Alberto Juantorena is a Cuban runner who won gold medals in both the 400- and 800-metre races at the 1976 Olympics in Montreal, becoming the first athlete to win both races in one Olympics. A member of the Cuban national basketball team, Juantorena switched to track at age 20. Standing 1.88 metres

Black Seminoles: …Mexico, in 1849, led by John Horse, also known as Juan Caballo. In Mexico the Black Seminoles (known there as Mascogos) worked as border guards protecting their adopted country from attacks by slave raiders. The Third Seminole War erupted in Florida in 1855 as a result of land disputes between…

Cabañaquinta, town, south-central Asturias provincia (province) and comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), northern Spain. It lies southeast of Oviedo city in the valley of the Aller River in the Cantabrian Mountains. Remnants of an early Roman settlement include the remains of a road and an

José Clemente Orozco: Mature work and later years: …chapel of the orphanage of Cabañas Hospice (1938–39), respectively. In these murals Orozco recapitulated the historical themes he had developed at Dartmouth and in Catharsis but with an intensity of anguish and despair he never again attempted. He portrayed history blindly careening toward Armageddon. The only hope for salvation in…

Cabanatuan, chartered city, central Luzon, northern Philippines, on the Pampanga River. It is the commercial centre for the eastern portion of Luzon’s central plain, which is heavily farmed in rice. An important highway junction, it is also the terminus of a rail spur line. Cabanatuan is the site

Juan Bautista José Cabanilles was a distinguished Spanish organist and composer for the organ. From 1665, he was the organist at the Valencia cathedral, and he was ordained a priest in 1668. He apparently travelled little, although his reputation spread as far as France, where he is known to have

Willibald Alexis: With Cabanis (1832), a story of the age of Frederick the Great, Alexis embarked on a cycle of novels intended to bring to light forgotten but significant periods of Prussian history. He continually experimented with methods of presentation. Der Roland von Berlin (1840) portrays the struggle…

Pierre-Jean-Georges Cabanis was a French philosopher and physiologist noted for Rapports du physique et du moral de l’homme (1802; “Relations of the Physical and the Moral in Man”), which explained all of reality, including the psychic, mental, and moral aspects of man, in terms of a mechanistic

cabaret, restaurant that serves liquor and offers a variety of musical entertainment. The cabaret probably originated in France in the 1880s as a small club in which the audience was grouped around a platform. The entertainment at first consisted of a series of amateur acts linked together by a

Cabaret, acclaimed stage musical by composer John Kander and lyricist Fred Ebb that explores the decadence of Berlin during the Weimar Republic amid the rising threat of Nazism. Set in a seedy cabaret called the Kit Kat Klub in 1929–30, the innovative musical tells the story of two doomed romances

Cabaret: Original Broadway cast and production: …the 1972 film version of Cabaret. Grey’s performances earned him both a Tony Award (for best featured actor in a musical) and an Oscar (for best supporting actor). The staging of the original Broadway production was unusual for the time. Suspended above the stage was a mirror, slanted so that…

François, count de Cabarrus was a financier and economist, adviser to the government of King Charles III of Spain. Cabarrus originally settled in Madrid as a soap manufacturer but soon became conspicuous within a circle of enlightened reformers who advised the king. His ideas were crucial in the

Nicholas Cabasilas was a Greek Orthodox lay theologian and liturgist who eminently represents the tradition of Byzantine theology. He wrote extensively on Hesychast mysticism, a traditional method of Byzantine Christian contemplative prayer that integrates vocal and bodily exercises, and on the

Nilus Cabasilas was a Greek Orthodox metropolitan, theologian, and scholar, whose treatises critical of medieval Latin theology became classical apologies for the Orthodox tradition of the Byzantine church. His support of Greek monastic spirituality furthered the ascetic tradition in the Eastern

cabbage, (Brassica oleracea), vegetable and fodder plant of the mustard family (Brassicaceae), the various agricultural forms of which have been developed by long cultivation from the wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea). The edible portions of all cabbage forms—which include kale, broccoli, and

cabbage: oleracea, variety capitata]) and small axillary heads (e.g., Brussels sprouts [B. oleracea, variety gemmifera]) Flowers and thickened flower stalks: flowers little or not modified (broccoli [B. oleracea, variety italica]) and flowers much thickened and modified (cauliflower [B. oleracea, variety botrytis])

aphid: Types of aphids: The cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) is small and gray-green with a powdery, waxy covering. It is found in clusters on the underside of leaves of cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, and radishes. It overwinters as black eggs in northern regions but has no sexual stage in southern…

cabbage white, either of two species of butterfly with larvae that feed on cabbage and related plants. The small, or European, cabbage white (Pieris rapae) was introduced to North America c. 1860 and is one of the most common white butterfly species in North America. P. rapae has white or

lettuce: …thick, succulent, edible stem; (2) head, or cabbage, lettuce (variety capitata), with the leaves folded into a compact head; (3) leaf, or curled, lettuce (variety crispa), with a rosette of leaves that are curled, finely cut, smooth-edged, or oak-leaved in shape; and (4) cos, or romaine, lettuce (variety longifolia), with…

cabbage looper, (Trichoplusia ni), distinctive green, white-lined larva, or caterpillar, in the owlet moth family Noctuidae (order Lepidoptera). Like other larvae in the subfamily Plusiinae, the cabbage looper has only three pairs of prolegs rather than four, causing it to crawl in a looper fashion

anthomyiid fly: The cabbage maggot (Delia radicum) is an important pest in Canada and the northern United States. The larvae feed on the underground parts of cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, radishes, and turnips. It was introduced from Europe early in the second half of the 19th century. The most-effective…

ti: Other species, especially cabbage palm (C. fruticosa), also are cultivated, and many horticultural varieties with colourful leaves have been developed.

palmetto, Tree (Sabal palmetto) of the palm family, occurring in the southeastern U.S. and the West Indies. Commonly grown for shade and as ornamentals along avenues, palmettos grow to about 80 ft (24 m) tall and have fan-shaped leaves. The water-resistant trunk is used as wharf piling. Mats and

attar of roses: …from the flower petals of centifolia roses, Rosa centifolia, by means of a suitable solvent. One ounce of richly perfumed attar may be produced from about 250 pounds (113 kg) of roses. Rose water is a by-product of distillation.

ti: Ti, or ti tree (Cordyline australis), is a common ornamental. In the wild it is a tree up to about 12 metres (40 feet) tall with a crown of long leaves, but it is much shorter when grown as a houseplant. It has green or white flowers…

Beaconsfield, town, northern Tasmania, Australia. It lies on the west bank of the Tamar River, 29 miles (46 km) northwest of Launceston. The site of the present town was originally known as Cabbage Tree Hill. It was renamed Brandy Creek when gold was found nearby in 1870. In 1879 F.A. Weld,

cabbage white, either of two species of butterfly with larvae that feed on cabbage and related plants. The small, or European, cabbage white (Pieris rapae) was introduced to North America c. 1860 and is one of the most common white butterfly species in North America. P. rapae has white or

Kabbala, esoteric Jewish mysticism as it appeared in the 12th and following centuries. Kabbala has always been essentially an oral tradition in that initiation into its doctrines and practices is conducted by a personal guide to avoid the dangers inherent in mystical experiences. Esoteric Kabbala

Kabbala, esoteric Jewish mysticism as it appeared in the 12th and following centuries. Kabbala has always been essentially an oral tradition in that initiation into its doctrines and practices is conducted by a personal guide to avoid the dangers inherent in mystical experiences. Esoteric Kabbala

municipio: …has a head village, or cabecera, in which is centred the national government’s local offices and the Roman Catholic local hierarchy. It also commonly serves as a social centre for the province, region, or district.

Antonio de Cabezón was the earliest important Spanish composer for the keyboard, admired for his austere, lofty polyphonic music, which links the keyboard style of the early 1500s with the international style that emerged in the mid-16th century. Blind from infancy, Cabezón studied organ in

Cabeiri, important group of deities, possibly of Pelasgian or Phrygian origin, worshiped over much of Asia Minor, on the islands nearby, and in Macedonia and northern and central Greece. They were promoters of fertility and protectors of seafarers. Perhaps originally indefinite in number, in

James Branch Cabell was an American writer known chiefly for his novel Jurgen (1919). Born into an old and distinguished Virginia family, Cabell began writing fiction shortly after the turn of the century, but acclaim arrived only after a controversy developed over the morality of Jurgen. For a

University of Virginia: Jefferson was aided by Joseph C. Cabell (1778–1856), a member of the Virginia Senate and the school’s chief fund-raiser. The school elected Jefferson its first rector of the board of visitors (the governing body). James Madison and James Monroe were other U.S. presidents who served on the university’s board.

tossing the caber, a Scottish athletic event consisting in throwing a “caber,” a straight, approximately 17-foot- (5-metre-) long log (from which the bark has been removed) so that it turns over in the air and falls on the ground with its small end pointing directly opposite the tosser. See

Étienne Cabet was a French socialist and founder of a communal settlement at Nauvoo, Ill. After a career as a teacher, lawyer, revolutionist, and political exile, Cabet published a novel, Voyage en Icarie (1840), setting forth his theories on the ideal community. Seeking to put his ideas into

LCROSS: …from LCROSS and traveled toward Cabeus, a crater caused by an impact event at the Moon’s south pole. Since the floor of Cabeus is permanently in shadow, it was thought that water might survive there as ice just underneath the surface. Such water would be useful for future crewed lunar…

Ezequiel Martínez Estrada: La cabeza de Goliat: Microscopía de Buenos Aires (1940; “The Head of Goliath: A Microscopic Study of Buenos Aires”) treats the people of Buenos Aires and continues the themes of Radiografía.

The Hydra Head, novel of international intrigue by Carlos Fuentes, published in 1978 as La cabeza de la hidra. The book is set in Mexico and features the Mexican secret service. It concerns the attempt by the Mexican government to retain control of a recently discovered oil field. Secret agents

Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca was a Spanish explorer who spent eight years in the Gulf region of present-day Texas. Núñez was treasurer to the Spanish expedition under Pánfilo de Narváez that reached what is now Tampa Bay, Florida, in 1528. By September all but his party of 60 had perished; it reached

Antonio de Cabezón was the earliest important Spanish composer for the keyboard, admired for his austere, lofty polyphonic music, which links the keyboard style of the early 1500s with the international style that emerged in the mid-16th century. Blind from infancy, Cabezón studied organ in

sculpin: …are such species as the cabezone (Scorpaenichthys marmoratus), a large, eastern Pacific fish, edible but often having blue- or green-tinted flesh; the staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus), a common North American species; and Vellitor centropomus, a long-snouted sculpin common in the Orient.

Cavan, county in the province of Ulster, northeastern Ireland. The town of Cavan, in the west-central part of the county, is the county seat. Cavan is bounded by Counties Monaghan (northeast), Meath, Westmeath, and Longford (south), and Leitrim (northwest). Northern Ireland lies to the north.

cabildo, (Spanish: “municipal council”), the fundamental unit of local government in colonial Spanish America. Conforming to a tradition going back to the Romans, the Spaniards considered the city to be of paramount importance, with the surrounding countryside directly subordinate to it. In local

cabildo: …were asked to attend a cabildo abierto (open town meeting) on important matters. Such meetings assumed considerable importance in the movement for the independence of Hispanic America in the early 19th century. The cabildo abierto of Buenos Aires, in 1810, launched the wars for independence in southern South America.

Cabimas, city, northeastern Zulia estado (state), northwestern Venezuela. It lies on the northeastern shore of Lake Maracaibo and is an important centre for the Ambrosio oil fields. Just to the south of the city is La Salina refinery. Cabimas is linked by highway to other oil centres on the

airplane: Most planes feature an enclosed body (fuselage) to house the crew, passengers, and cargo; the cockpit is the area from which the pilot operates the controls and instruments to fly the plane.

motorboat: Types.: Cruisers, or cabin cruisers, are equipped with sleeping and cooking facilities in an enclosed cabin for persons to live aboard them. Smaller cruisers may use outboard motors, but the larger types usually have inboard engines. An inboard cruiser that is longer than 15 m (50 feet) is…

Horace Pippin: …seen in his series entitled Cabin in the Cotton (mid-1930s) and his paintings of episodes in the lives of the antislavery leader John Brown and Abraham Lincoln. After the art world discovered Pippin in 1937, these pictures in particular brought him wide acclaim as the greatest black painter of his…

Michael Curtiz: Early life and work: Another 1932 release, The Cabin in the Cotton, starred Richard Barthelmess as a sharecropper waylaid by a Southern belle (played by Bette Davis).

Vincente Minnelli: Early films: Cabin in the Sky (1943), made for the Freed unit for well under a million dollars, was an extraordinary first effort, a highly stylized adaptation of the hit Broadway show. Cabin in the Sky was also the first major studio film with an African American…

Chris Hemsworth: Other roles: …role in the horror movie The Cabin in the Woods, filmed in 2009 but not released until 2011. He then portrayed the Huntsman in the reimagined fairy tale Snow White and the Huntsman (2012), a character he repeated in the less-successful The Huntsman: Winter’s War (2016). Other notable roles include…

Montgomery C. Meigs: His Cabin John Bridge (1852–60), designed to carry Washington’s main water supply and vehicular traffic, is an engineering masterpiece. Until the 20th century it was, at 220 feet, the longest single masonry arch in the world. As quartermaster general of the Union Army (1861–82), Meigs efficiently…

tent: …of hollow aluminum; and the cabin tent, resembling a wall tent with walls four to six feet high. Special tent designs include mountain tents, which are designed compactly for use in conditions of extreme cold and heavy snow, and back-packing tents, which use extremely lightweight synthetic fabrics and lightweight metal…

Vicente Blasco Ibáñez: …Mayflower, 1921), La barraca (1898; The Cabin, 1917), and Cañas y barro (1902; Reeds and Mud, 1966), is marked by a vigorous and intense realism and considerable dramatic force in the depiction of the life of Valencia. Later novels, such as La bodega (1906; The Fruit of the Vine, 1919),…

Cabinda, northern exclave of Angola, on the west (Atlantic) coast of Africa north of the Congo River estuary. It is bordered by the Republic of the Congo to the north and northeast and is separated from Angola by part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the south and southeast. Its coastline

Cabinda: …groups formed an umbrella organization, Cabinda Forum for Dialogue (which also included civil and religious groups), and their demands for independence intensified. The organization and the Angolan government signed a peace accord in 2006, largely ending the conflict in the exclave, although skirmishes occurred sporadically after that. Beginning in 2016,…

Portugal: Constitutional framework: The constitution designates the Council of Ministers, the cabinet, as Portugal’s chief policy-making body. The cabinet consists of the prime minister, who presides over its meetings, the ministers of government departments, and some secretaries of state (ministers without portfolios). The prime minister is simultaneously responsible to the president (regarding…

art market: Northern Europe and the Austrian Empire: Collections (also referred to as cabinets) were formed that were far more wide ranging than those of the 15th-century studiolo and whose purposes were more scientific than humanistic. North of the Alps these were known as Kunstkammern or Wunderkammern, from Kunst (“man-made objects”), Wunder (“natural curiosities”), and Kammern (“chambers, rooms”).

cabinet, in political systems, a body of advisers to a head of state who also serve as the heads of government departments. The cabinet has become an important element of government wherever legislative powers have been vested in a parliament, but its form differs markedly in various countries, the

cabinet, in furniture design, originally a small room for displaying precious objects and later a piece of furniture composed of a network of small drawers commonly enclosed by a pair of doors. Cabinets were first used in Italy during the late Renaissance. In many parts of Europe, cabinets became

The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, German silent horror film, released in 1920, that is widely considered the first great work in the genre. It also was the first film in the German Expressionist movement. The mysterious Dr. Caligari (played by Werner Krauss) arrives in a rural German village with his

bureau: …1803 Thomas Sheraton stated, in The Cabinet Dictionary, that it had “generally been applied to common desks with drawers under them, such as are made very frequently in country towns.” In the early 18th century one form of bureau consisted of a bank of drawers below a sloping writing flap,…

India: The transfer of power and the birth of two countries: …primarily for drafting the ingenious Cabinet Mission Plan, which proposed a three-tier federation for India, integrated by a minimal central-union government in Delhi, which would be limited to handling foreign affairs, communications, defense, and only those finances required to care for such unionwide matters. The subcontinent was to be divided…

The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, German silent horror film, released in 1920, that is widely considered the first great work in the genre. It also was the first film in the German Expressionist movement. The mysterious Dr. Caligari (played by Werner Krauss) arrives in a rural German village with his

keyboard instrument: Other early forms: …yielded the tall rectangular “cabinet piano.” Because the lower end of the strings, which ran nearly vertically, was about at the level of the keyboard, all such instruments were very tall. Although there were attempts to construct lower instruments by, in effect, positioning a square piano on its side,…

Thomas Sheraton: His four-part Cabinet-Maker and Upholsterers’ Drawing Book greatly influenced English and American design.

confidante: George Hepplewhite illustrated one in Cabinet-Maker and Upholsterer’s Guide (1788).

dressing table: In the Cabinet-Makers’ London Book of Prices (1788), Thomas Shearer included a design for a dressing stand “with folding tops. . . . The top and bottom fronts are shams, in the back part of the stand is a cistern which receives water from the bason drawer…

Thomas Sheraton: Of his final project, the Cabinet-Maker, Upholsterer and General Artist’s Encyclopaedia, only one volume, covering A to C, appeared in 1805. Some of the designs in this work, venturing well into the Regency style, are markedly unconventional. That he was a fashionable cabinetmaker is remarkable, for he was poor, his…

furniture industry: History: …a new profession: that of cabinetmaker. The most important technical factor was the introduction, or reintroduction, of veneering, first in western Europe, then in Britain, North America, and elsewhere.

Cabeiri, important group of deities, possibly of Pelasgian or Phrygian origin, worshiped over much of Asia Minor, on the islands nearby, and in Macedonia and northern and central Greece. They were promoters of fertility and protectors of seafarers. Perhaps originally indefinite in number, in

Giovanni Pastrone: …a goal he realized with Cabiria in 1914. For the subtitles alone he hired the leading Italian writer, Gabriele D’Annunzio. The film was attributed to D’Annunzio, and the name of the director, for promotional purposes, remained unknown for many years. Cabiria was enormously successful throughout the world and was a…

jacaranda: …rosewood from the tree species Dalbergia nigra, also of the pea family.