bobcat, (Lynx rufus), bobtailed North American cat (family Felidae), found from southern Canada to southern Mexico. The bobcat is a close relative of the somewhat larger Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis). A long-legged cat with large paws, a rather short body, and tufted ears, the bobcat is 60–100 cm

Teófilo Stevenson: …defeating the highly touted American Duane Bobick, who had beaten Stevenson the previous year in the Pan American Games. Stevenson won the gold medal by default when Ion Alexe of Romania was unable to fight in the final because of a broken thumb. At the 1976 Olympics in Montreal, Stevenson…

Eyvind Johnson: In Bobinack (1932), an exposé of the machinations of modern capitalism, Regn i gryningen (1933; “Rain at Daybreak”), an attack on modern office drudgery and its effects, and Romanen om Olof, 4 vol. (1934–37), which tells of his experiences as a logger in the sub-Arctic, he…

bobsledding: Two types are used: two-person boblets, as they often are called in Europe, and four-person bobsleighs. Rules limit combined team and sled weights to 390 kg (860 pounds) and 630 kg (1,389 pounds), respectively. The maximum team-and-sled weight for the two-women competition is 350 kg (770 pounds). Other sled dimensions…

Bobo, people of Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta), who speak a language of the Gur branch of the Niger-Congo family. The Bobo are a sedentary agricultural people growing such staples as millet and sorghum and a wide variety of other crops. Crop rotation and some irrigation are utilized, and small

Bobo Dioulasso, city, southwestern Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta). Dating (according to tradition) from the 15th century, the city was engaged in continual conflict with Kong to the south, and in the 18th century it was occupied by the Kong prince Famara Wattara, who made it the capital of the

Bobo doll experiment, groundbreaking study on aggression led by psychologist Albert Bandura that demonstrated that children are able to learn through the observation of adult behaviour. The experiment was executed via a team of researchers who physically and verbally abused an inflatable doll in

Celestine III was the pope from 1191 to 1198. He was Peter Abélard’s student and friend, and he carried out many important legations in Germany, Spain, and Portugal; St. Thomas Becket considered him his most reliable friend at the Roman Curia. He had been cardinal deacon of Santa Maria in Cosmedin,

Boboli Gardens, approximately 111 acres (45 hectares) of lavishly landscaped gardens behind the Pitti Palace, extending to modern Fort Belvedere, in Florence. Designed in a carefully structured and geometric Italian Renaissance style, the gardens were begun in 1550 by Niccolò di Raffaello de’

bobolink, (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), American bird of the family Icteridae (order Passeriformes) that breeds in northern North America and winters chiefly in central South America. Migrating flocks may raid rice fields, and at one time the fat “ricebirds” were shot as a table delicacy. In the

Celestine III was the pope from 1191 to 1198. He was Peter Abélard’s student and friend, and he carried out many important legations in Germany, Spain, and Portugal; St. Thomas Becket considered him his most reliable friend at the Roman Curia. He had been cardinal deacon of Santa Maria in Cosmedin,

South Africa: Daily life and social customs: …English settlers introduced sausages and bobotie, a meat pie made with minced meat that has been cooked with brown sugar, apricots and raisins, milk-soaked mashed bread, and curry flavoring. The Portuguese introduced various fish dishes to the country. The Indian influence added spices and even samosas, savory pastries popular as…

Durmitor: …highest point in the country—Bobotov Peak, reaching 8,274 feet (2,522 metres). Between the peaks are deep valleys and glacial lakes. Dense pine and fir forests surround the lakes. The highest settlement of the region, Žabljak, is a tourist centre; winter sports are popular. Livestock breeding is carried on in…

Durmitor: …highest point in the country—Bobotov Peak, reaching 8,274 feet (2,522 metres). Between the peaks are deep valleys and glacial lakes. Dense pine and fir forests surround the lakes. The highest settlement of the region, Žabljak, is a tourist centre; winter sports are popular. Livestock breeding is carried on in…

Novomoskovsk, city, Tula oblast (region), western Russia, situated on the upper Don River. Founded in 1930 as Bobriki, the town developed as a major chemical centre, making fertilizers and plastics and mining lignite (brown coal). Pop. (2006 est.)

Nikolay Bobrikov was a ruthless ultranationalist Russian governor-general of Finland from 1898 until his assassination. After a career in the Russian Army, which he left with the rank of general, Bobrikov was named governor-general of the grand duchy of Finland in 1898. Under his regime Finland

Nikolay Bobrikov was a ruthless ultranationalist Russian governor-general of Finland from 1898 until his assassination. After a career in the Russian Army, which he left with the rank of general, Bobrikov was named governor-general of the grand duchy of Finland in 1898. Under his regime Finland

Babruysk, city, Mahilyow oblast (region), east-central Belarus, on the right bank of the Berezina River. Founded in the 16th century, it was held in turn by Lithuania, Poland, and Russia and was the scene of a major battle in World War II. The fortress of 1769 survives. Industries include

Babruysk, city, Mahilyow oblast (region), east-central Belarus, on the right bank of the Berezina River. Founded in the 16th century, it was held in turn by Lithuania, Poland, and Russia and was the scene of a major battle in World War II. The fortress of 1769 survives. Industries include

Michał Bobrzyński was a Polish historian and Conservative politician who maintained that the weakening of the central government had been the main cause of the 18th-century partitions of Poland and, on that basis, inaugurated a reappraisal of Poland’s history. Professor of legal history at the

roller coaster: Expansion in the United States: …Fireball was outpaced by the Bobs, a collaboration between noted inventors Frederick Church and Harry Traver. Riders of the Bobs traveled along 3,253 feet (991.5 metres) of track with 16 hills and 12 curves.

bobsledding: …four-runner sled, called a bobsled, bobsleigh, or bob, that carries either two or four persons.

bobsledding, the sport of sliding down an ice-covered natural or artificial incline on a four-runner sled, called a bobsled, bobsleigh, or bob, that carries either two or four persons. Bobsledding developed in the 1880s both in the lumbering towns of upstate New York and at the ski resorts of the

bobsledding: …four-runner sled, called a bobsled, bobsleigh, or bob, that carries either two or four persons.

bobsledding, the sport of sliding down an ice-covered natural or artificial incline on a four-runner sled, called a bobsled, bobsleigh, or bob, that carries either two or four persons. Bobsledding developed in the 1880s both in the lumbering towns of upstate New York and at the ski resorts of the

Old English sheepdog, shaggy working dog developed in early 18th-century England and used primarily in driving sheep and cattle to market. A compact dog with a shuffling, bearlike gait, the dog stands 21 to 26 inches (53 to 66 cm) and generally weighs over 55 pounds (25 kg). Its dense coat is

bobwhite, North American quail species. See

Madagascar: Relief: …8,720 feet (2,658 metres) at Boby Peak.

history of logic: Other 19th-century logicians: In Russia V.V. Bobyin (1886) and Platon Sergeevich Poretsky (1884) initiated a school of algebraic logic. In the United Kingdom a vast amount of work on formal and symbolic logic was published in the best philosophical journals from 1870 until 1910. This includes work by William Stanley…

Romania: New constitution: The president asked Emil Boc, who had been heading the caretaker government, to continue serving as prime minister, this time at the helm of a new coalition government comprising the PDL and the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania.

Boca Juniors, Argentine professional football (soccer) club based in the Buenos Aires neighbourhood of Boca. Boca Juniors has proved to be one of Argentina’s most successful teams, especially in international club competitions. The club was founded in 1905 by a group of Italian immigrants in

Javier Bardem: In Boca a boca (1995; Mouth to Mouth) he garnered laughs and another Goya Award as an aspiring actor who falls in love with a customer while working for a telephone-sex company. Bardem later appeared as a wheelchair-bound policeman in Pedro Almodóvar’s Carne trémula (1997; Live Flesh).

Guanajuato: …(600-metre) pit known as the Boca del Infierno (“Mouth of Hell”), were collectively designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1988. Area 11,773 square miles (30,491 square km). Pop. (2020) 6,166,934.

Boca Juniors, Argentine professional football (soccer) club based in the Buenos Aires neighbourhood of Boca. Boca Juniors has proved to be one of Argentina’s most successful teams, especially in international club competitions. The club was founded in 1905 by a group of Italian immigrants in

Boca Raton, city, Palm Beach county, southeastern Florida, U.S. It is located about 15 miles (25 km) north of Fort Lauderdale on the Atlantic Ocean. Although the Spanish occasionally used Boca Raton’s harbor, the first settlers arrived in the area about 1895, around the same time as the Florida

Buenos Aires: City neighbourhoods: La Boca, a picturesque area at the mouth of the Riachuelo River, where the city’s first settlers landed, is filled with Italian restaurants, and some streets, such as the Caminito, are lined with wooden houses painted in bright colours. La Boca, now an artists’ colony,…

Pierre de Ronsard: …to be felt in the Bocage (“Grove”) of poetry of 1554 and in the Meslanges (“Miscellany”) of that year, which contain some of his most exquisite nature poems, and in the Continuation des amours and Nouvelles Continuations, addressed to a country girl, Marie. In 1555 he began to write a…

bocage, in western France (e.g., Bocage Normand, Bocage Vendéen), a well-wooded district in distinction to the campagne, which denotes a hedgeless tract of farmland characteristic of old-established areas of open-field agriculture. The fields of bocage country are small, irregular, and enclosed by

Manuel Maria Barbosa du Bocage was a Neoclassical Portuguese lyric poet who aspired to be a second Camões but who dissipated his energies in a stormy life. The son of a lawyer, Bocage left school at the age of 14 to join the army, then transferred to the navy at 16. At the Royal Navy Academy in

wind instrument: The Renaissance: …a short tube called the bocal. Six front finger holes, two thumbholes, and two keys gave it a range of two octaves and a second. It was first mentioned in 1540, and its bass (sometimes called the double curtal in England and the Choristfagott in Germany) soon became the most…

history of logic: Syllogisms: Bocardo, Ferison.

Bocas del Toro, town, northwestern Panama, at the southern tip of Colón Island in Almirante Bay of the Caribbean Sea. It was founded by African immigrants in the early 19th century and was destroyed by fire twice in the early 1900s. It was once a thriving banana port but now exports primarily

Giovanni Boccaccio was an Italian poet and scholar, best remembered as the author of the earthy tales in the Decameron. With Petrarch he laid the foundations for the humanism of the Renaissance and raised vernacular literature to the level and status of the classics of antiquity. Boccaccio was the

Traiano Boccalini was a prose satirist and anti-Spanish political writer, influential in the Europe of his time for a widely circulated satire, Ragguagli di Parnaso (1612–13; “Reports from Parnassus”). The son of an architect, Boccalini was educated for the law and spent many years in Rome in the

Boccanegra Family, wealthy Genoese family that played an important role in two great “popular” (democratic) revolutions, one in 1257 and the other in 1339, and furnished several admirals to the Genoese republic and to Spain. Guglielmo Boccanegra (d. 1274) became virtual dictator of Genoa in 1257,

Boccanegra Family: …was succeeded by his son Ambrogio, who in 1371 won two naval victories, one against the Portuguese at the mouth of the Tagus River and the other against an English fleet three times more numerous at the Battle of La Rochelle, in which the English admiral, the Earl of Pembroke,…

Boccanegra Family: …opera by Giuseppe Verdi, Simon Boccanegra, is based on his story.

Sambucuccio d’Alando: In 1360 Giovanni Boccanegra, brother of the doge of Genoa, became governor of the northern and central areas of Corsica. When Boccanegra returned home after a two-year term, a revolt drove Sambucuccio to Genoa once more to seek aid; a new Genoese governor, sent at his request,…

Boccanegra Family: Guglielmo Boccanegra (d. 1274) became virtual dictator of Genoa in 1257, when an insurrection against the government of the old aristocracy made him captain of the people. The major accomplishment of his administration was the conclusion with the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus of the…

Boccanegra Family: …the same year Guglielmo’s brother Marino, commanding a Genoese fleet, helped the Byzantines to recover Constantinople from Venice. In 1262 Genoese nobles overthrew Guglielmo; his brother Lanfranco was killed in the insurrection, and Guglielmo was condemned to perpetual exile. The command of the fleet was taken from Marino and divided…

Boccanegra Family: …resulted in the election of Simone Boccanegra (1301–63), descendant of Guglielmo’s brother Lanfranco, as the first Genoese doge. Deposed in 1344, Simone fled with his family to Pisa, returning to office in 1356 with the aid of the Visconti, the rulers of Milan. According to tradition, he was poisoned at…

pottery: Provincial and export wares: The stoneware of Yixing in Jiangsu province was known in the West as Buccaro, or Boccaro, ware and was copied and imitated at Meissen, Germany; at Staffordshire, England; and in the Netherlands by Ary de Milde and others. Its teapots were much valued in 17th-century Europe, where tea…

Blessed Benedict XI ; beatified April 24, 1736feast day July 7) was the pope from 1303 to 1304. His brief reign was taken up with problems he inherited from the quarrel of his predecessor, Boniface VIII, with King Philip IV the Fair of France and the King’s allies (the Colonna family of Rome). He

bocce, Italian bowling game, similar to bowls and boules. Bocce is especially popular in Piedmont and Liguria and is also played in Italian communities in the United States, Australia, and South America. The governing organization is the Federazione Italiana Bocce. The first world championships

Luigi Boccherini was an Italian composer and cellist who influenced the development of the string quartet as a musical genre and who composed the first music for a quintet for strings, as well as a quintet for strings and piano. His approximately 500 works also include sacred music, symphonies, and

Luigi Boccherini was an Italian composer and cellist who influenced the development of the string quartet as a musical genre and who composed the first music for a quintet for strings, as well as a quintet for strings and piano. His approximately 500 works also include sacred music, symphonies, and

Egyptian law: …although several pharaohs, such as Bocchoris (c. 722–c. 715 bc), were known as lawgivers. After the 7th century bc, however, when the Demotic language (the popular form of the written language) came into use, many legal transactions required written deeds or contracts instead of the traditional oral agreement; and these…

Bocchus I was the king of Mauretania in North Africa from about 110 to between 91 and 81 bc; he was probably the father-in-law of Jugurtha, king of Numidia, directly to the east of Mauretania. At the beginning of the war between Jugurtha and the Romans (112–105), Bocchus attempted unsuccessfully to

Bocchus II was the king of the eastern half of Mauretania in North Africa from 49 to c. 38 bc, when he became ruler of all Mauretania. He was a son of Bocchus I. Bocchus II and another son of Bocchus I, Bogud, succeeded their father to the rule of Mauretania about 50 bc. Bocchus ruled the part east

bocce, Italian bowling game, similar to bowls and boules. Bocce is especially popular in Piedmont and Liguria and is also played in Italian communities in the United States, Australia, and South America. The governing organization is the Federazione Italiana Bocce. The first world championships

Umberto Boccioni was an Italian painter, sculptor, and theorist of the Futurist movement in art. Boccioni was trained from 1898 to 1902 in the studio of the painter Giacomo Balla, where he learned to paint in the manner of the pointillists. In 1907 he settled in Milan, where he gradually came under

Kazuyo Sejima and Ryue Nishizawa: …art; and the campus for Bocconi University (2019) in Milan, which includes a series of perforated-metal-clad buildings that surround a courtyard. The firm also renovated the historic La Samaritaine department store (2021), Paris, restoring some of the building’s Art Nouveau and Art Deco details and replacing parts of the facade…

poppy: Other poppies: …spikes; plants of the genus Bocconia, mild-climate woody shrubs native to tropical America, prized for their large cut leaves; the snow poppy (Eomecon chionantha), a perennial from China, with white cuplike flowers in sprays; and the flaming poppy (Stylomecon heterophylla), with purple-centred brick-red flowers on an annual plant from western…

Andrea Bocelli is an Italian tenor noted for his unique blend of opera and pop music. From a young age Bocelli was afflicted with congenital glaucoma. He began taking piano lessons at age six and later played flute and saxophone. At age 12 he became totally blind after suffering a brain hemorrhage

Hank Williams Jr. is an American country and western musician and one of the most successful and long-lasting performers of the genre. Although in the early years of his career he sang the songs of his legendary father, over time he developed his own voice and sound—a fusion of rock and country

Steven Bochco was an American television writer, director, and producer who was the creative force behind several popular series. His shows typically centred on the lives of police officers or lawyers. Bochco, the son of a concert violinist father and a painter mother, began writing for television

Steven Bochco was an American television writer, director, and producer who was the creative force behind several popular series. His shows typically centred on the lives of police officers or lawyers. Bochco, the son of a concert violinist father and a painter mother, began writing for television

Joan Bocher was an English Anabaptist burned at the stake for heresy during the reign of the Protestant Edward VI. Bocher first came to notice about 1540, during the reign of Henry VIII, when she began distributing among ladies of the court William Tyndale’s forbidden translation of the New

Maxime Bôcher was an American mathematician and educator whose teachings and writings influenced many mathematical researchers. Bôcher graduated from Harvard University in 1888 and received his doctorate from the University of Göttingen in 1891. Within months of acquiring his Ph.D., Bôcher was

Salomon Bochner was a Galician-born American mathematician who made profound contributions to harmonic analysis, probability theory, differential geometry, and other areas of mathematics. Fearful of a Russian invasion in 1914, Bochner’s family moved to Berlin, Germany. Bochner attended the

Bocholt, city, North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), northwestern Germany, on the Aa, a stream near the Dutch border, just north of Wesel. Chartered in 1222 by the bishop of Münster, Bocholt derives its name from Buchenholz, the “beech wood” of its surroundings. Historic buildings include the Gothic

Bochum, city, North Rhine–Westphalia Land (state), northwestern Germany. It lies in the heart of the industrial Ruhr district, between the cities of Essen (west) and Dortmund (east). Chartered in 1298 and 1321, it passed to the duchy of Cleves (Kleve) in 1461 and to Brandenburg in the early 17th

San Diego Padres: …team hired former Padres player Bruce Bochy to manage the squad. Bochy would go on to lead the team for a club-record 12 seasons, and his positive impact on the team was almost immediate: the Padres rocketed to a division title in 1996 behind the play of NL Most Valuable…

beer: Types of beer: Bock is an even stronger, heavier Munich-type beer that is brewed in winter for consumption in the spring. Märzbier (“March beer”) is a lighter brew produced in the spring. While all German lagers are made with malted barley, a special brew called weiss beer (Weissbier;…

Fedor von Bock was a German army officer and field marshal (from 1940), who participated in the German occupation of Austria and the invasions of Poland, France, and Russia during World War II. Educated at the Potsdam military school, Bock was assigned to an infantry guards regiment in 1897 and

Hieronymus Bock was a German priest, physician, and botanist who helped lead the transition from the philological scholasticism of medieval botany to the modern science based on observation and description from nature. Little is known of Bock’s life and career. He worked from 1523 to 1533 in

Hieronymus Bock was a German priest, physician, and botanist who helped lead the transition from the philological scholasticism of medieval botany to the modern science based on observation and description from nature. Little is known of Bock’s life and career. He worked from 1523 to 1533 in

Jerry Bock was an American composer. He studied at the University of Wisconsin and then collaborated with Larry Holofcener on songs for television’s Your Show of Shows and the musical Mr. Wonderful (1956). With the composer-lyricist Sheldon Harnick he had his greatest successes: Fiorello! (1959,

Jerry Bock was an American composer. He studied at the University of Wisconsin and then collaborated with Larry Holofcener on songs for television’s Your Show of Shows and the musical Mr. Wonderful (1956). With the composer-lyricist Sheldon Harnick he had his greatest successes: Fiorello! (1959,

Luxembourg: …a rocky promontory called the Bock (Bouc) forms a natural defensive position where the Romans and later the Franks built a fort, around which the medieval town developed. The purchase of this castle in 963 ce by Siegfried, count of Ardennes, marked the beginning of Luxembourg as an independent entity.…

rubber: The rise of synthetic rubber: Farben by Walter Bock and Eduard Tschunkur, who synthesized a rubbery copolymer of styrene and butadiene in 1929, using an emulsion process. The Germans referred to this rubber as Buna S; the British called it SBR, or styrene-butadiene rubber. Because styrene and butadiene can be made from…

Arnold Böcklin was a painter whose moody landscapes and sinister allegories greatly influenced late 19th-century German artists and presaged the symbolism of the 20th-century Metaphysical and Surrealist artists. Although he studied and worked throughout much of northern Europe—Düsseldorf, Antwerp,

Japanese architecture: The modern period: …German architects Hermann Ende and Wilhelm Böckmann were active in Japan from the late 1880s. Their expertise in the construction of government ministry buildings was applied to the growing complex of such structures in the Kasumigaseki area of Tokyo. The now much-altered Ministry of Justice building (1895) is a major…

B-29: Enola Gay and Bockscar were used in the atomic attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, respectively. When production ended in 1946, 3,970 B-29s had been built, many of which were subsequently converted to tankers for in-flight refueling.

István Bocskay was the prince of Transylvania, who defended Hungarian interests when Hungary was divided into Ottoman and Habsburg spheres of influence. Brought up at the court of the Báthorys, Bocskay won the confidence of Sigismund Báthory, prince of Transylvania, whom he advised to form an

István Bocskay was the prince of Transylvania, who defended Hungarian interests when Hungary was divided into Ottoman and Habsburg spheres of influence. Brought up at the court of the Báthorys, Bocskay won the confidence of Sigismund Báthory, prince of Transylvania, whom he advised to form an

Paul Bocuse was a French chef and restaurateur known for introducing and championing a lighter style of cooking. Scion of a long line of restaurateurs, Bocuse apprenticed under several prominent chefs before taking over the family’s failing hotel-restaurant in Collonges, near Lyon, in 1959. Before

Tibet, historic region and autonomous region of China that is often called “the roof of the world.” It occupies a vast area of plateaus and mountains in Central Asia, including Mount Everest (Qomolangma [or Zhumulangma] Feng; Tibetan: Chomolungma). It is bordered by the Chinese provinces of Qinghai

biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), the amount of dissolved oxygen used by microorganisms in the biological process of metabolizing organic matter in water. The more organic matter there is (e.g., in sewage and polluted bodies of water), the greater the BOD; and the greater the BOD, the lower the

Péter Bod was a Hungarian Protestant clergyman, historian, and author who wrote the first work of literary history in Hungarian. Bod came from an impoverished noble family. Upon completing his studies in Hungary, he received a scholarship to the University of Leiden in the Netherlands. On his

BTS, South Korean K-pop (Korean pop music) band that shot to international stardom in the late 2010s. Its seven members were Jin (byname of Kim Seok-Jin; b. December 4, 1992, Anyang, South Korea), Suga (original name Min Yoon-Gi; b. March 9, 1993, Buk-gu), J-Hope (byname of Jung Ho-Seok; b.

Blood Wedding, folk tragedy in three acts by Federico García Lorca, published and produced in 1933 as Bodas de sangre. Blood Wedding is the first play in Lorca’s dramatic trilogy; the other two plays are Yerma and The House of Bernarda Alba. The protagonists of Blood Wedding are ordinary women

Bodawpaya was the king of Myanmar, the sixth monarch of the Alaungpaya, or Konbaung, dynasty, in whose reign (1782–1819) the long conflict began with the British. A son of Alaungpaya (reigned 1752–60), the founder of the dynasty, Bodawpaya came to power after deposing and executing his grandnephew

art market: German museums: …British ancestral treasures was the Kaiser-Friedrich Museum of Berlin. The museum’s painting collection was based not on royal heirlooms but rather on the recently formed and very remarkable collection of early Italian pictures amassed by Edward Solly. An English timber merchant, grain speculator, and art collector, Solly sold some 3,000…

Bode’s law, empirical rule giving the approximate distances of planets from the Sun. It was first announced in 1766 by the German astronomer Johann Daniel Titius but was popularized only from 1772 by his countryman Johann Elert Bode. Once suspected to have some significance regarding the formation

Documenta: The festival’s first artistic director, Arnold Bode, staged the exhibit at the ruins of the Museum Fridericianum in order to present a symbolic rising from the ashes of World War II.

Boyd H. Bode was an American educational philosopher noted for his pragmatic approach. Bode was raised in farm communities in Iowa and South Dakota and educated at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor (A.B., 1897) and at Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. (Ph.D., 1900). He taught philosophy at the

Boyd H. Bode was an American educational philosopher noted for his pragmatic approach. Bode was raised in farm communities in Iowa and South Dakota and educated at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor (A.B., 1897) and at Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. (Ph.D., 1900). He taught philosophy at the

Johann Elert Bode was a German astronomer best known for his popularization of Bode’s law, or the Titius-Bode rule, an empirical mathematical expression for the relative mean distances between the Sun and its planets. Bode founded in 1774 the well-known Astronomisches Jahrbuch (“Astronomic

Wilhelm von Bode was an art critic and museum director who helped bring Berlin’s museums to a position of worldwide eminence. Having studied art, Bode became an assistant at the Berlin Museum in 1872. In 1906 he was named general director of all the royal Prussian museums, a post he held until his