protein

Table of Contents

Introduction & Top Questions
General structure and properties of proteins
- The amino acid composition of proteins
  - Structures of common amino acids
  - Physicochemical properties of the amino acids
  - Amino acid sequence in protein molecules
- Levels of structural organization in proteins
  - Primary structure
  - Secondary structure
  - Tertiary structure
  - Quaternary structure
- The isolation and determination of proteins
- Physicochemical properties of proteins
  - The molecular weight of proteins
  - The shape of protein molecules
  - Hydration of proteins
  - Electrochemistry of proteins
    - Electrometric titration
    - Electrophoresis
- Conformation of globular proteins
  - Results of X-ray diffraction studies
  - Other approaches to the determination of protein structure
    - Spectrophotometric behavior
    - Optical activity
    - Chemical reactivity of proteins
  - Association of protein subunits
  - Protein denaturation
  - Conformation of proteins in interfaces
Classification of proteins
- Classification by solubility
- Classification by biological functions
Special structure and function of proteins
- Structural proteins
  - Scleroproteins
    - Collagen
    - Keratin
    - Others
  - The muscle proteins
  - Fibrinogen and fibrin
- Albumins, globulins, and other soluble proteins
  - Proteins of the blood serum
  - Milk proteins
  - Egg proteins
  - Protamines and histones
  - Plant proteins
- Conjugated proteins
  - Combination of proteins with prosthetic groups
    - Mucoproteins and glycoproteins
    - Lipoproteins and proteolipids
    - Metalloproteins
    - Heme proteins and other chromoproteins
    - Nucleoproteins
  - Respiratory proteins
    - Hemoglobin
    - Other respiratory proteins
- Protein hormones
  - Hormones of the thyroid gland
  - Hormones of the pancreas
  - Peptides with hormonelike activity
- Immunoglobulins and antibodies
Enzymes
- Role of enzymes in metabolism
- Other functions
- General properties
  - Classification and nomenclature
  - Chemical nature
  - Cofactors
- The nature of enzyme-catalyzed reactions
  - The nature of catalysis
  - The role of the active site
  - The specificity of enzymes
  - The mechanism of enzymatic action
- The rate of enzymatic reactions
  - The Michaelis-Menten hypothesis
  - Inhibition of enzymes
  - Effects of temperature
- Enzyme flexibility and allosteric control
  - The induced-fit theory
  - Types of allosteric control

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protein: Facts & Related Content

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Facts

Also Known As	macromolecular peptide
Notable Honorees	Rodney Robert Porter

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Topics

protein phosphorylation enzyme transcription factor interferon prion cytokine interleukin tumour necrosis factor chemokine gluten hormone lipid carboxylic acid hydrocarbon heterocyclic compound organosulfur compound nucleic acid carbohydrate steroid organometallic compound

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Key People

John B. Fenn

American scientist

George P. Smith

American biochemist

Tasuku Honjo

Japanese immunologist

William G. Kaelin, Jr.

American physician and medical researcher

John M. Jumper

American computer scientist

Richard Henderson

British biologist

Linus Pauling

American scientist

Emil Fischer

German chemist

Dorothy Maud Wrinch

British-American mathematician and biochemist

Susan L. Lindquist

American molecular biologist

Günter Blobel

German-American scientist

Yoshinori Ohsumi

Japanese biologist

Ada Yonath

Israeli biochemist

Venki Ramakrishnan

Indian-born physicist and molecular biologist

Arieh Warshel

American-Israeli chemist

Thomas Steitz

American biophysicist and biochemist

Charles Yanofsky

American geneticist

Michael Levitt

American-British-Israeli chemist

Ralph Walter Graystone Wyckoff

American chemist

Theodor H.E. Svedberg

Swedish chemist

Quiz

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Medical Terms and Pioneers Quiz

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protein: Facts & Related Content

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