animal development

Table of Contents

Introduction
General features
- Reproduction and development
- Preparatory events
Early development
- Embryo formation
  - Cleavage
  - Gastrulation
    - Amphioxus, echinoderms, and amphibians
    - Reptiles, birds, and mammals
- Embryonic adaptations
  - Adaptations in animals other than mammals
  - Adaptations in mammals
Organ formation
- Primary organ rudiments
  - Differentiation of the germinal layers
  - Embryonic induction
- Organogenesis and histogenesis
Ectodermal derivatives
- The nervous system
  - The brain and spinal cord
  - Major sense organs
    - The eye
    - The ear
    - The olfactory organ
    - Gustatory and other organs
- The epidermis and its outgrowths
Mesodermal derivatives
- The body muscles and axial skeleton
- The appendages: tail and limbs
- Excretory organs
- Circulatory organs
- Reproductive organs
Endodermal derivatives
- The alimentary canal
- The pharynx and its outgrowths
- The liver, pancreas, and lungs
Postembryonic development
- The larval phase and metamorphosis
  - The larval stage
  - Metamorphosis
- Direct development
Maturity and death

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Topics

animal biological development ontogeny plant development human development prenatal development regeneration reproduction morphogenesis

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