Religious Movements & Organizations, LIT-REF

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Religious Movements & Organizations Encyclopedia Articles By Title

Liturgical Movement
Liturgical Movement, a 19th- and 20th-century effort in Christian churches to restore the active and intelligent......
Local Church, the
the Local Church, international Evangelical Christian group founded in China in the 1930s and based on the belief......
Lutheran Church in Württemberg
Lutheran Church in Württemberg, independent Lutheran church established in the duchy of Württemberg in 1534 during......
Lutheran Church of Oldenburg
Lutheran Church of Oldenburg, independent Lutheran church in Oldenburg, Ger. Pastors who had accepted the Lutheran......
Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod
Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod, conservative Lutheran church in the United States, organized in Chicago in 1847......
Lyon, councils of
councils of Lyon, 13th and 14th ecumenical councils of the Roman Catholic Church. In 1245 Pope Innocent IV fled......
Mahavihara
Mahavihara, Buddhist monastery founded in the late 3rd century bce in Anuradhapura, the ancient capital of Ceylon......
Mahdiyyah, al-
al-Mahdiyyah, religious movement in the Sudan (1881–98), established by Muḥammad Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Mahdī......
Mahāsaṅghika
Mahāsaṅghika, (from Sanskrit mahāsaṅgha, “great order of monks”), early Buddhist school in India that, in its views......
Malabarese Catholic Church
Malabarese Catholic Church, a Chaldean rite church of southern India (Kerala) that united with Rome after the Portuguese......
Malankarese Catholic Church
Malankarese Catholic Church, an Antiochene-rite member of the Eastern Catholic church, composed of former members......
Malāmatīyah
Malāmatīyah, a Ṣūfī (Muslim mystic) group that flourished in Sāmānid Iran during the 8th century. The name Malāmatīyah......
Marcionite
Marcionite, any member of a gnostic sect that flourished in the 2nd century ce. The name derives from Marcion of......
Marianist
Marianist, a religious congregation of the Roman Catholic church founded by William Joseph Chaminade at Bordeaux,......
Marist Brother
Marist Brother, a Roman Catholic congregation of teaching brothers founded near Lyon, Fr., on Jan. 2, 1817, by......
Maronite church
Maronite church, one of the largest Eastern ritechurches, prominent especially in modern Lebanon. The church is......
Marprelate Controversy
Marprelate Controversy, brief but well-known pamphlet war (1588–89) carried on by English Puritans using secret......
Mary Immaculate, Oblates of
Oblates of Mary Immaculate, (O.M.I.), one of the largest missionary congregations of the Roman Catholic Church,......
Massachusetts Association of Universal Restorationists
Massachusetts Association of Universal Restorationists (MAUR), in American religious history, a short-lived Universalist......
Maurist
Maurist, member of a former congregation of French Benedictine monks founded in 1618 and devoted to strict observance......
Mawlawīyah
Mawlawīyah, fraternity of Sufis (Muslim mystics) founded in Konya (Qonya), Anatolia, by the Persian Sufi poet Rūmī......
Mechitarist
Mechitarist, member of the Congregation of Benedictine Armenian Antonine Monks, a Roman Catholic congregation of......
Melchite
Melchite, any of the Christians of Syria and Egypt who accepted the ruling of the Council of Chalcedon (451) affirming......
Mennonite
Mennonite, member of a Protestant church that arose out of the Anabaptists, a radical reform movement of the 16th-century......
Mercedarian
Mercedarian, member of a Roman Catholic religious order founded by St. Peter Nolasco in Spain in 1218 for the purpose......
Mercy, Sisters of
Sisters of Mercy, (R.S.M.), Roman Catholic religious congregation founded in Dublin in 1831 by Catherine Elizabeth......
Metropolitan Community Churches
Metropolitan Community Churches (MCC), worldwide Protestant denomination founded in 1968 and focusing its outreach......
Minim
Minim, an order of friars founded in 1435 by St. Francis of Paola in Calabria, Italy. Members consider humility......
Missionaries of Charity
Missionaries of Charity, Roman Catholic congregation of women dedicated to the poor, particularly to the destitute......
Modernism
Modernism, in Roman Catholic Church history, a movement in the last decade of the 19th century and first decade......
Moorish Science Temple of America
Moorish Science Temple of America, U.S. religious movement founded in Newark, New Jersey, in 1913 by Timothy Drew......
Moral Majority
Moral Majority, American political organization that was founded in 1979 by Jerry Falwell, a religious leader and......
Moral Re-Armament
Moral Re-Armament (MRA), a modern, nondenominational revivalistic movement founded by American churchman Frank......
Moravian church
Moravian church, Protestant church founded in the 18th century but tracing its origin to the Unitas Fratrum (“Unity......
Murjiʾah
Murjiʾah, one of the earliest Islamic sects to believe in the postponement (irjāʾ) of judgment on committers of......
Musar
Musar, a religious movement among Orthodox Jews of Lithuania during the 19th century that emphasized personal piety......
Natha
Natha, religious movement of India whose members strive for immortality by transforming the human body into an......
National Baptist Convention of the United States of America, Inc.
National Baptist Convention of the United States of America, Inc., the larger of two associations of Black Baptist......
National Church of Iceland
National Church of Iceland, established, state-supported Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland. Christian missionaries......
Native American Church
Native American Church, most widespread indigenous religious movement among North American Indians and one of the......
Nazarene, Church of the
Church of the Nazarene, American Protestant denomination, the product of several mergers stemming from the 19th-century......
Nestorianism
Nestorianism, Christian sect that originated in Asia Minor and Syria stressing the independence of the divine and......
Netherlands Reformed Church
Netherlands Reformed Church, Protestant church in the Reformed (Calvinist) tradition, the successor of the established......
Neturei Karta
Neturei Karta, ultra-Orthodox Jewish fringe movement that is opposed to Zionism and the existence of the State......
New Apostolic Church
New Apostolic Church, church organized in Germany in 1863 as the Universal Catholic Church, by members of the Catholic......
New Church
New Church, church organized in the General Conference of the New Church, the General Convention of the New Jerusalem......
New Thought
New Thought, a mind-healing movement, based on religious and metaphysical presuppositions, that originated in the......
Nicaea, First Council of
First Council of Nicaea, (325), the first ecumenical council of the Christian church, meeting in ancient Nicaea......
Nicaea, Second Council of
Second Council of Nicaea, (787), the seventh ecumenical council of the Christian church, meeting in Nicaea (now......
Nonconformist
Nonconformist, any English Protestant who does not conform to the doctrines or practices of the established Church......
North India, Church of
Church of North India, church formed in the merger in 1970 of six Christian denominations, including the United......
Norway, Church of
Church of Norway, established, state-supported Lutheran church in Norway, which changed from the Roman Catholic......
Okhwangsangje
Okhwangsangje, deity of the Korean religion known as Poch’ŏngyo...
Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands
Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands, small independent Roman Catholic church in the Netherlands that dates from......
Oneida Community
Oneida Community, utopian religious community that developed out of a Society of Inquiry established by John Humphrey......
Orthodox Church in America
Orthodox Church in America, ecclesiastically independent, or autocephalous, church of the Eastern Orthodox communion,......
Orthodox Church of Czechoslovakia
Orthodox Church of Czechoslovakia, autocephalous, or ecclesiastically independent, member of the Eastern Orthodox......
Orthodox Church of Finland
Orthodox Church of Finland, Eastern Orthodox church, recognized as the second state church of Finland. Most of......
Orthodox Church of Poland
Orthodox Church of Poland, ecclesiastically independent member of the Eastern Orthodox communion, established in......
Orthodox Church of Ukraine
Orthodox Church of Ukraine, autocephalous, or ecclesiastically independent, member of the Eastern Orthodox communion,......
Oxford movement
Oxford movement, 19th-century movement centred at the University of Oxford that sought a renewal of “catholic,”......
Pakistan, Church of
Church of Pakistan, denomination inaugurated in Pakistan in 1970 and comprising former Anglican, Methodist, Scottish......
Pashupata
Pashupata, perhaps the earliest Hindu sect to worship the god Shiva as the supreme deity. It gave rise in turn......
Passionist
Passionist, a religious order of men in the Roman Catholic church, founded by Paolo Francesco Danei (now known......
Pastoureaux
Pastoureaux, (French: “Shepherds”), the participants in two popular outbreaks of mystico-political enthusiasm in......
Peace Mission
Peace Mission, predominantly black 20th-century religious movement in the United States, founded and led by Father......
Pentecostal Assemblies of the World
Pentecostal Assemblies of the World (PAW), African American Protestant denomination, the first formal Pentecostal......
Pentecostal Church of God
Pentecostal Church of God (PCG), Pentecostal denomination that was organized in Chicago in 1919. It had 960 churches......
Peoples Temple
Peoples Temple, religious community led by Jim Jones (1931–78) that came to international attention after some......
Philippine Independent Church
Philippine Independent Church, independent church organized in 1902 after the Philippine revolution of 1896–98......
Photian Schism
Photian Schism, a 9th-century-ce controversy between Eastern and Western Christianity that was precipitated by......
Pillar of Fire
Pillar of Fire, a white Holiness church of Methodist antecedence that was organized (1901) in Denver, Colo., U.S.,......
Pisa, Council of
Council of Pisa, (1409), a council of the Roman Catholic Church convened with the intention of ending the Western......
Plymouth Brethren
Plymouth Brethren, community of Christians whose first congregation was established in Plymouth, Devon, England,......
Polish National Catholic Church
Polish National Catholic Church, independent Catholic church that arose in the late 19th and early 20th centuries......
Poor Clare
Poor Clare, any member of the Franciscan Order of St. Clare, a Roman Catholic religious order of nuns cofounded......
Prarthana Samaj
Prarthana Samaj, (Sanskrit: “Prayer Society”), Hindu reform society established in Bombay in the 1860s. In purpose......
Premonstratensian
Premonstratensian, a Roman Catholic religious order founded in 1120 by St. Norbert of Xanten, who, with 13 companions,......
Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)
Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), U.S. Protestant denomination formed on June 10, 1983, in the merger of the United......
Presbyterian Church in America
Presbyterian Church in America (PCA), theologically conservative U.S. evangelical Presbyterian denomination founded......
Presbyterian Church in Ireland
Presbyterian Church in Ireland, church organized in 1840 by merger of the Secession Church and the Synod of Ulster.......
Presbyterian Church of England
Presbyterian Church of England, church organized in 1876 by merger of the United Presbyterian Church and various......
Presbyterian Church of Wales
Presbyterian Church of Wales, church that developed out of the Methodist revivals in Wales in the 18th century.......
Primitive Methodist Church
Primitive Methodist Church, conservative Protestant church that developed in England. It was formed in 1811 by......
Progressive National Baptist Convention, Inc.
Progressive National Baptist Convention, Inc. (PNBC), association of Black Baptist churches, organized in 1961......
Protestant Church in the Netherlands
Protestant Church in the Netherlands, united Christian church, largest Protestant church in the Netherlands, formed......
Psychiana
Psychiana, religious movement that emphasized spiritual healing, prosperity, and physical and material happiness,......
Qalandarīyah
Qalandarīyah, loosely organized group of wandering Muslim dervishes who form an “irregular” (bī-sharʿ) or antinomian......
Qarmatian
Qarmatian, member of an Ismāʿīlī Shiʿi movement that rejected the claim of the Fāṭimid caliph ʿUbayd Allāh to the......
Quinisext Council
Quinisext Council, council that was convened in 692 by the Byzantine emperor Justinian II to issue disciplinary......
Qādiriyyah
Qādiriyyah, probably the oldest of the Muslim mystic (Sufi) orders, founded by the Ḥanbalī theologian ʿAbd al-Qādir......
Radha Soami Satsang
Radha Soami Satsang, esoteric religious sect of India that has followers among both Hindus and Sikhs. The sect......
Rajneesh movement
Rajneesh movement, religious sect founded by the Indian mystic and spiritual leader Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh, also......
Rappite
Rappite, a member of a religious communal group founded in the United States in the early 19th century by about......
Raskol
Raskol, division in the Russian Orthodox Church in the 17th century over reforms in liturgy and forms of worship.......
Redemptorist
Redemptorist, a community of Roman Catholic priests and lay brothers founded by St. Alphonsus Liguori at Scala,......
Reformed Church in America
Reformed Church in America, church that developed from the Dutch settlements in New Netherlands (New York) in the......
Reformed Church in Hungary
Reformed Church in Hungary, Reformed church that developed in Hungary during and after the 16th-century Protestant......
Reformed Church of France
Reformed Church of France, church organized in 1938 by merging several Reformed churches that had developed in......
Reformed Churches in the Netherlands
Reformed Churches in the Netherlands, Protestant church in the Reformed (Calvinist) tradition organized in the......

Religious Movements & Organizations Encyclopedia Articles By Title