Philosophers, JUD-MED
Here you'll find the thinkers and theorists who have expressed their own ideas about such topics as the nature of humankind's relationship with the metaphysical world, the definitions of truth and knowledge, and the conditions of existence. From ancient Greek philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle to later notable philosophers such as René Descartes and Immanuel Kant, philosophy's great thinkers have approached sensitive ethical and existential issues from a variety of different angles. Their ideas have influenced the way we look at our world and the way we relate to one another as human beings.
Philosophers Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Judah ha-Levi was a Jewish poet and religious philosopher. His works were the culmination of the development of......
St. Justin Martyr ; feast day June 1) was one of the most important of the Greek philosopher-Apologists in the......
Kabir was an iconoclastic Indian poet-saint revered by Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs. The birth of Kabir remains shrouded......
Henry Home, Lord Kames was a lawyer, agriculturalist, and philosopher. Kames was called to the bar in 1724 and......
Wassily Kandinsky was a Russian-born artist, one of the first creators of pure abstraction in modern painting.......
Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher whose comprehensive and systematic work in epistemology (the theory of knowledge),......
- Introduction
- German Philosopher, Enlightenment, Critique of Pure Reason
- Critic, Rationalism, Enlightenment
- German Philosopher, Enlightenment, Kantianism
- German Philosopher, Critiques, Enlightenment
- German Philosopher, Critique of Practical Reason
- Critique of Judgment, Enlightenment, Philosophy
- German Philosopher, Enlightenment, Critique
Kapila was a Vedic sage who is often identified as one of the founders of the system of Samkhya, one of six darshans......
John Neville Keynes was a British philosopher and economist who synthesized two poles of economic thought by incorporating......
Hermann Alexander, Graf von Keyserling was a German social philosopher whose ideas enjoyed considerable popularity......
Søren Kierkegaard was a Danish philosopher, theologian, and cultural critic who was a major influence on existentialism......
al-Kindī was the first outstanding Islamic philosopher, known as “the philosopher of the Arabs.” Al-Kindī was born......
Ivan Vasilyevich Kireyevsky was a philosopher, critic, and writer who was one of the leading ideologists of the......
Ludwig Klages was a German psychologist and philosopher, distinguished in the field of characterology. He was also......
Stephen Cole Kleene was an American mathematician and logician whose work on recursion theory helped lay the foundations......
Josef Kohler was a German jurist who made a significant contribution to the philosophy of law and helped to advance......
Leszek Kolakowski was a Polish philosopher and historian of philosophy who became one of Marxism’s greatest intellectual......
Alfred Korzybski was a Polish-born American scientist and philosopher. During World War I, Korzybski served in......
Karl Christian Friedrich Krause was a German philosopher who attracted a considerable following, especially in......
Saul Kripke was an American logician and philosopher who from the 1960s was one of the most powerful and influential......
Nachman Krochmal was a Jewish scholar and philosopher; his major, seminal work, Moreh nevukhe ha-zeman (1851; “Guide......
Leopold Kronecker was a German mathematician whose primary contributions were in the theory of equations and higher......
Thomas S. Kuhn was an American historian of science noted for The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962), one......
Kumarajiva was a Buddhist scholar and seer, famed for his encyclopaedic knowledge of Indian and Vedantic learning.......
Kumarila was an Indian dialectician, teacher, and interpreter of Jaimini’s Mimamsa-sutras (“The Profound-Thought......
Kumazawa Banzan was a political philosopher who was a Japanese disciple of the Chinese neo-Confucian philosopher......
Oswald Külpe was a German psychologist and philosopher regarded as the guiding force behind the experimental study......
Julien Offroy de La Mettrie was a French physician and philosopher whose Materialistic interpretation of psychic......
François de La Mothe Le Vayer was an independent French thinker and writer who developed a philosophy of Skepticism......
Antonio Labriola was a philosopher who systematized the study of Marxist socialism in Italy. The first in his nation......
George Trumbull Ladd was a philosopher and psychologist whose textbooks were influential in establishing experimental......
Christine Ladd-Franklin was an American scientist and logician known for contributions to the theory of colour......
Pierre Laffitte was a French philosopher, the closest disciple of the philosopher Auguste Comte, who taught in......
Johann Heinrich Lambert was a Swiss German mathematician, astronomer, physicist, and philosopher who provided the......
Friedrich Albert Lange was a German philosopher and Socialist, important for his refutation of materialism and......
Susanne K. Langer was an American philosopher and educator who wrote extensively on linguistic analysis and aesthetics.......
Laozi was the first philosopher of Chinese Daoism and the alleged author of the Daodejing, a primary Daoist writing.......
Pierre Laromiguière was a French philosopher who became famous for his thesis on the rights of property in connection......
Ferdinand Lassalle was a leading spokesman for German socialism, a disciple of Karl Marx (from 1848), and one of......
Louis Lavelle was a French philosopher recognized as a forerunner of the psychometaphysic movement, which teaches......
Moritz Lazarus was a Jewish philosopher and psychologist, a leading opponent of anti-Semitism in his time and a......
Lee Ufan is a Korean artist, critic, philosopher, and poet who was a prominent theorist and proponent of the Tokyo-based......
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was a German philosopher, mathematician, and political adviser, important both as a metaphysician......
Pierre Leroux was a French pantheistic philosopher, economist, pacifist, government official, and champion of socialism......
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing was a German dramatist, critic, and writer on philosophy and aesthetics. He helped free......
Leucippus was a Greek philosopher credited by Aristotle and by Theophrastus with having originated the theory of......
Levi ben Gershom was a French Jewish mathematician, philosopher, astronomer, and Talmudic scholar. In 1321 Levi......
George Henry Lewes was an English biographer, literary critic, dramatist, novelist, philosopher, actor, scientist,......
C.I. Lewis was an American logician, epistemologist, and moral philosopher. Educated at Harvard University, Lewis......
David Kellogg Lewis was an American philosopher who, at the time of his death, was considered by many to be the......
Stanisław Leśniewski was a Polish logician and mathematician who was a co-founder and leading representative of......
Li Ao was a Chinese scholar, poet, and official who helped reestablish Confucianism at a time when it was being......
Liang Shuming was a neo-Confucian philosopher and writer who attempted to demonstrate the relevance of Confucianism......
Francis Lieber was a German-born U.S. political philosopher and jurist, best known for formulating the “laws of......
Liezi was one of the three primary philosophers who developed the basic tenets of Daoist philosophy and the presumed......
Justus Lipsius was a Flemish humanist, classical scholar, and moral and political theorist. Appointed to the chair......
Paul-Émile Littré was a French language scholar, lexicographer, and philosopher whose monumental Dictionnaire de......
Ramon Llull was a Catalan mystic and poet whose writings helped to develop the Romance Catalan language and widely......
John Locke was an English philosopher whose works lie at the foundation of modern philosophical empiricism and......
Alfred Firmin Loisy was a French biblical scholar, linguist, and philosopher of religion, generally credited as......
Mikhail Lomonosov was a Russian poet, scientist, and grammarian who is often considered the first great Russian......
James Lorimer was a legal philosopher, proponent of a doctrine of natural law that was opposed to the utilitarianism......
Nikolay Onufriyevich Lossky was a Russian intuitionist philosopher who studied the nature of cognition, causation,......
Rudolf Hermann Lotze was a German philosopher who bridged the gap between classical German philosophy and 20th-century......
Arthur O. Lovejoy was an American philosopher best known for his work on the history of ideas and theory of knowledge.......
Lu Jiuyuan was an idealist neo-Confucian philosopher of the Southern Song and rival of his contemporary, the great......
Lucian was an ancient Greek rhetorician, pamphleteer, and satirist. One is entirely dependent on Lucian’s writings......
Lucretius was a Latin poet and philosopher known for his single, long poem, De rerum natura (On the Nature of Things).......
György Lukács was a Hungarian Marxist philosopher, writer, and literary critic who influenced the mainstream of......
Anatoly Lunacharsky was a Russian author, publicist, and politician who, with Maxim Gorky, did much to ensure the......
Jean-François Lyotard was a French philosopher and leading figure in the intellectual movement known as postmodernism.......
Lysis Of Tarentum was a Greek philosopher and member of the Pythagorean school in southern Italy. Lysis left Italy......
Emmanuel Lévinas was a Lithuanian-born French philosopher renowned for his powerful critique of the preeminence......
Bernard-Henri Lévy is a French philosopher, journalist, filmmaker, and public intellectual who was a leading member......
Lucien Lévy-Bruhl was a French philosopher whose study of the psychology of primitive peoples gave anthropology......
Ernst Mach was an Austrian physicist and philosopher who established important principles of optics, mechanics,......
Niccolò Machiavelli was an Italian Renaissance political philosopher and statesman, secretary of the Florentine......
Alasdair MacIntyre is a Scottish-born philosopher, one of the great moral thinkers of the late 20th and early 21st......
Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius was a Latin grammarian and philosopher whose most important work is the Saturnalia,......
Madhavacharya was a Hindu statesman and philosopher. He lived at the court of Vijayanagar, a southern Indian kingdom.......
Madhva was a Hindu philosopher, exponent of Dvaita (“Dualism”; belief in a basic difference in kind between God......
Claudio Magris is an Italian writer, scholar, and critic who was one of the leading writers and cultural philosophers......
Salomon Maimon was a Jewish philosopher whose acute Skepticism caused him to be acknowledged by the major German......
Moses Maimonides was a Jewish philosopher, jurist, and physician, the foremost intellectual figure of medieval......
Marie-François-Pierre Maine de Biran was a French statesman, empiricist philosopher, and prolific writer who stressed......
Nicolas Malebranche was a French Roman Catholic priest, theologian, and major philosopher of Cartesianism, the......
Bernard de Mandeville was a Dutch prose writer and philosopher who won European fame with The Fable of the Bees.......
Henry Longueville Mansel was a British philosopher and Anglican theologian and priest remembered for his exposition......
Gabriel Marcel was a French philosopher, dramatist, and critic who was associated with the phenomenological and......
Jane Marcet was an English writer known for her accessible educational books, many of which were aimed at female......
Herbert Marcuse was a German-born American political philosopher and prominent member of the Frankfurt School of......
Jacques Maritain was a Roman Catholic philosopher, respected both for his interpretation of the thought of St.......
Marsilius Of Padua was an Italian political philosopher whose work Defensor pacis (“Defender of the Peace”), one......
James Martineau was an English Unitarian theologian and philosopher whose writings emphasized the individual human......
Marko Marulić was a Croatian moral philosopher and poet whose vernacular verse marked the beginnings of a distinctive......
Karl Marx was a revolutionary, sociologist, historian, and economist. He published (with Friedrich Engels) Manifest......
Fritz Mauthner was a German author, theatre critic, and exponent of philosophical Skepticism derived from a critique......
Maximus Of Ephesus was a Neoplatonist philosopher and theurgic magician whose most spectacular achievement was......
Maximus The Greek was a Greek Orthodox monk, Humanist scholar, and linguist, whose principal role in the translation......
George Herbert Mead was an American philosopher prominent in both social psychology and the development of Pragmatism.......
Bartolomé de Medina was a Spanish Dominican theologian who developed the patio process for extracting silver from......