Food, BOR-CHE

The necessity of food for survival is something that all humans have in common, but the trends of diet and food consumption can vary considerably from region to region. Find out more about the ingredients, dishes, and drinks that fuel people around the world.
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Food Encyclopedia Articles By Title

Borden, Gail
Gail Borden was an American philanthropist, businessman, and inventor, who envisioned food concentrates as a means......
borscht
borscht, beet soup of the Slavic countries. Although borscht is important in Russian and Polish cuisines, Ukraine......
bouillabaisse
bouillabaisse, complex fish soup originating on the Mediterranean coast of France, one of the glories of Provençal......
bouquet garni
bouquet garni, bundle or faggot of herbs that is added to a soup, stew, sauce, or poaching liquid to give flavour.......
bourbon whiskey
bourbon whiskey, whiskey distilled from corn mash; specifically, a whiskey distilled from a mash containing at......
Bourdain, Anthony
Anthony Bourdain was an American chef, author, and television personality who helped popularize “foodie” culture......
boysenberry
boysenberry, a very large bramble fruit, considered to be a variety of blackberry (Rubus ursinus). Possibly a cross......
boza
boza, a thick, fermented malt drink made from corn, wheat, millet, or bulgur (depending on location), with a subtle......
Brabeck-Letmathe, Peter
Peter Brabeck-Letmathe is an Austrian business executive who served as CEO (1997–2008) of Nestlé SA, one of the......
braising
braising, the cooking of meat or vegetables by heating them slowly with oil and moisture in a tightly sealed vessel.......
bran
bran, the edible broken seed coat, or protective outer layer, of wheat, rye, or other cereal grains, separated......
brandy
brandy, alcoholic beverage distilled from wine or a fermented fruit mash. The term used alone generally refers......
brassica
brassica, (genus Brassica), genus of 37 species of flowering plants in the mustard family (Brassicaceae), many......
Brazil nut
Brazil nut, (Bertholletia excelsa), edible seed of a large South American tree (family Lecythidaceae) found in......
bread
bread, baked food product made of flour or meal that is moistened, kneaded, and sometimes fermented. A major food......
breadfruit
breadfruit, (Artocarpus altilis), tree of the mulberry family (Moraceae) and its large fruits that are a staple......
breakfast cereal
breakfast cereal, grain food, usually precooked or ready-to-eat, that is customarily eaten with milk or cream for......
Breuhaus, Fritz A.
Fritz A. Breuhaus was a German architect who specialized in interior design, particularly for transportation. Breuhaus......
Brie
Brie, soft-ripened cow’s-milk cheese named for the district in northeastern France in which it is made. The preliminary......
brioche
brioche, soft cakelike French bread that is slightly sweet and has a high butter-to-flour ratio. Brioche had arrived......
broad bean
broad bean, (Vicia faba), species of legume (family Fabaceae) widely cultivated for its edible seeds. The broad......
broccoli
broccoli, form of cabbage, of the mustard family (Brassicaceae), grown for its edible flower buds and stalk. Native......
broiling
broiling, cooking by exposing food to direct radiant heat, either on a grill over live coals or below a gas burner......
Brussels sprouts
Brussels sprouts, (Brassica oleracea, variety gemmifera), form of cabbage, belonging to the mustard family Brassicaceae,......
bubble and squeak
bubble and squeak, a common British dish consisting of vegetables, especially potatoes and cabbage. The ingredients......
bubble tea
bubble tea, beverage combining tea, milk, and “bubbles”—chewy gelatinous candies made of tapioca or fruit jelly.......
buckwheat
buckwheat, (Fagopyrum esculentum), herbaceous plant of the family Polygonaceae and its edible seeds. Buckwheat......
Buffalo wing
Buffalo wing, deep-fried unbreaded chicken wings or drumsticks coated with a vinegar-and-cayenne-pepper hot sauce......
bulgur
bulgur, cereal food made of wheat groats that have been parboiled, dried, and ground. Commercial bulgur is usually......
burdock
burdock, (genus Arctium), a genus of biennial plants in the Asteraceae family, bearing globular flower heads with......
Burgundy wine
Burgundy wine, any of numerous wines of the region of Burgundy in east-central France. The region’s vineyards include......
burnet
burnet, (genus Sanguisorba), genus of about 35 species of perennial herbs in the rose family (Rosaceae), native......
burrito
burrito, a common cylindrical food item of Mexican and American origin consisting of a tortilla wrapped around......
butter
butter, a yellow-to-white solid emulsion of fat globules, water, and inorganic salts produced by churning the cream......
butterfat
butterfat, natural fatty constituent of cows’ milk and the chief component of butter. Clear butterfat rises to......
buttermilk
buttermilk, the fluid remaining when the fat is removed by churning cream into butter. It was formerly used as......
butternut
butternut, (Juglans cinerea), deciduous nut-producing tree of the walnut family (Juglandaceae), native to eastern......
butterscotch
butterscotch, usually hard candy made by boiling brown sugar and butter and sometimes corn syrup together in water.......
bêche-de-mer
bêche-de-mer, boiled, dried, and smoked flesh of sea cucumbers (phylum Echinodermata) used to make soups. Most......
Cadbury, George
George Cadbury was an English businessman and social reformer who, with his elder brother, Richard, took over their......
Caesar salad
Caesar salad, a simple salad made elegant, in its classic form, by tableside preparation. In 1924, during the Prohibition......
café cubano
café cubano, type of espresso originating in Cuba that has been sweetened with demerara sugar during brewing. It......
cake
cake, in general, any of a variety of breads, shortened or unshortened, usually shaped by the tin in which it is......
California roll
California roll, a type of inside-out sushi roll (uramaki) in which vinegared rice (rather than nori, an edible......
California-style pizza
California-style pizza, a thin-crust pizza noted for its fresh, nontraditional toppings, such as chicken, peanut......
calzone
calzone, a half-moon pocket of pizza or bread dough that is stuffed with typical pizza toppings—such as cheese,......
Camembert cheese
Camembert cheese, classic cow’s-milk cheese of Normandy, named for a village in that region; its characteristic......
Candler, Asa Griggs
Asa Griggs Candler was a U.S. soft-drink manufacturer who developed Coca-Cola. Born on a farm, Candler studied......
candling
candling, egg-grading process in which the egg is inspected before a penetrating light in a darkened room for signs......
candy
candy, sweet food product, the main constituent of which generally is sugar. The application of the terms candy......
canistel
canistel, (Pouteria campechiana), small tree of the sapodilla family (Sapotaceae), grown for its edible fruits.......
canning
canning, method of preserving food from spoilage by storing it in containers that are hermetically sealed and then......
canola oil
canola oil, vegetable oil made from the pressed seeds of rapeseed (Brassica napus variety napus), a relative of......
Cape gooseberry
Cape gooseberry, (Physalis peruviana), species of ground cherry in the nightshade family (Solanaceae) and its edible......
caper
caper, (genus Capparis), genus of some 250 species of low prickly trees, shrubs, or lianas (family Capparaceae).......
cappuccino
cappuccino, coffee drink made of equal parts espresso, steamed milk, and frothed milk, of probable Italian origin......
carambola
carambola, (Averrhoa carambola), woody plant of the wood sorrel family (Oxalidaceae) and its edible fruit, native......
caramel
caramel, candy substance obtained by boiling sugar to or beyond approximately 240 °F (115 °C), at which point its......
caraway
caraway, (Carum carvi), dry fruit, commonly called seed, of Carum carvi, used as a culinary seasoning. A member......
carbonara
carbonara, a pasta dish, typically made with spaghetti, that blends diced pork, eggs, cheese, and black pepper.......
cardamom
cardamom, spice consisting of whole or ground dried fruits, or seeds, of Elettaria cardamomum, a herbaceous perennial......
cardoon
cardoon, (Cynara cardunculus), thistlelike perennial herb of the family Asteraceae, native to southern Europe and......
carob
carob, (Ceratonia siliqua), tree of the pea family (Fabaceae), grown for its edible pods. Carob is native to the......
carrot
carrot, (Daucus carota), herbaceous, generally biennial plant of the Apiaceae family that produces an edible taproot.......
Carême, Marie-Antoine
Marie-Antoine Carême was a French chef who served the royalty of Europe, wrote several classic works on cuisine,......
cashew
cashew, (Anacardium occidentale), evergreen shrub or tree of the sumac family (Anacardiaceae), cultivated for its......
cassava
cassava, (Manihot esculenta), tuberous edible plant of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae) from the American tropics.......
cassia
cassia, (Cinnamomun cassia), tree of the family Lauraceae and the spice made from its aromatic bark. The bark of......
cassoulet
cassoulet, French dish of white beans baked with meats; it takes its name from its cooking pot, the cassole d’Issel.......
casu marzu
casu marzu, traditional Sardinian cheese made of sheep’s milk and containing live maggots, which are responsible......
catnip
catnip, (Nepeta cataria), herb of the mint family (Lamiaceae), noted for its aromatic leaves, which are particularly......
caudle cup
caudle cup, small, two-handled silver cup, usually with a cover, originally made in England during the second half......
cauliflower
cauliflower, (Brassica oleracea, variety botrytis), highly modified form of cabbage in the mustard family (Brassicaceae),......
caviar
caviar, the eggs, or roe, of sturgeon preserved with salt. It is prepared by removing the egg masses from freshly......
cayenne pepper
cayenne pepper, (Capsicum annuum), small-fruited pepper, the source of a very pungent spice of the same name. The......
celeriac
celeriac, (subspecies Apium graveolens, variety rapaceum), type of celery (Apium graveolens, variety rapaceum)......
celery
celery, (Apium graveolens), herbaceous plant of the parsley family (Apiaceae). Celery is usually eaten cooked as......
Cellini, Benvenuto
Benvenuto Cellini was a Florentine sculptor, goldsmith, and writer. He was one of the most important Mannerist......
Center for Science in the Public Interest
Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), U.S. nonprofit organization, founded in 1971, that aims to study,......
century egg
century egg, preserved egg of Chinese origin. To some a century egg might look as if it belongs in a museum rather......
cereal
cereal, any grass (family Poaceae) yielding starchy seeds suitable for food. Most grains have similar dietary properties;......
cereal processing
cereal processing, treatment of cereals and other plants to prepare their starch for human food, animal feed, or......
ceviche
ceviche, dish of South American origin comprising raw fish or shellfish marinated in citrus juice. The great fishing......
chaat
chaat, a traditional savory snack sold by street vendors in India that originated in the country’s northern region......
Chablis
Chablis, classic white wine of France, made from chardonnay grapes grown in strictly delimited areas surrounding......
chalice
chalice, a cup used in the celebration of the Christian Eucharist. Both the statement of St. Paul about “the cup......
chamomile
chamomile, any of various daisylike plants of the aster family (Asteraceae). Chamomile tea, used as a tonic and......
champagne
champagne, classic sparkling wine named for the site of its origin and exclusive production, the traditional region......
chanterelle
chanterelle, Highly prized, fragrant, edible mushroom (Cantharellus cibarius) in the order Cantharellales (phylum......
chapati
chapati, fried flatbread of Indian origin, often served with vegetables and stew, commonly considered a variation......
charcuterie
charcuterie, French term that refers to prepared meats, such as sausage, ham, bacon, and pâté. So-called charcuterie......
chard
chard, (Beta vulgaris), one of the four cultivated forms of the plant Beta vulgaris of the amaranth family (Amaranthaceae),......
charlotte
charlotte, any of several traditional French desserts, typically formed in a deep cylindrical mold. The mold may......
chateaubriand
chateaubriand, beef tenderloin dish of French origin that is made of a thick cut of fillet and often served with......
chayote
chayote, (Sechium edule), perennial vine of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae), cultivated for its edible fruits.......
cheddar
cheddar, hard cow’s-milk cheese named for the district of its origin in the southwestern county of Somerset, England.......
cheese
cheese, nutritious food consisting primarily of the curd, the semisolid substance formed when milk curdles, or......
cheese making
cheese making, process by which milk is transformed into cheese. With the variety of milks, bacterial cultures,......
cheesecake
cheesecake, a dessert consisting of a thick, creamy filling of cheese, eggs, and sugar over a thinner crust and......
cheesesteak
cheesesteak, a sandwich made with sliced or chopped steak and melted cheese on a long sandwich roll. While its......

Food Encyclopedia Articles By Title