Vivek Murthy

Vivek Murthy (born July 10, 1977, Huddersfield, England) is a doctor who has served (2014–17 and 2021– ) as U.S. surgeon general under Presidents Barack Obama and Joe Biden. He is the first person of Indian descent to be surgeon general. Murthy is known for declaring gun deaths and injuries a public health crisis, for urging Congress to mandate warning labels for youth on social media platforms, and for drawing attention to the stresses of caring for children. He is also the author of The New York Times best-selling book Together: The Healing Power of Human Connection in a Sometimes Lonely World (2020).

Early life and education

Murthy was born in Huddersfield, England, to parents who were originally from the state of Karnataka in India. He grew up in Miami. His father, H.N. Lakshminarasimha Murthy, was a primary care physician, and his mother, Myetraie Murthy, managed her husband’s practice. The young Murthy often visited India, where he learned about Ayurveda, a traditional system of Indian medicine. As a child, Murthy excelled at many activities, but his mother recoiled when his middle school history teacher saw a role as U.S. secretary of state in Murthy’s future. “She got really worried,” Murthy told the Associated Press in an interview in 2024 after he had already been through some bruising political battles in Washington. “She called my dad. She said, ‘You need to come home and talk to him because he’s thinking about going into politics.’ ”

Murthy was valedictorian of his class at Miami Palmetto Senior High School in Pinecrest, Florida. He went on to earn a degree in biochemical sciences from Harvard University in three years, graduating magna cum laude in 1997. While at Harvard, Murthy and his sister, Rashmi Murthy, founded Visions Worldwide, Inc., a nonprofit that concentrated on AIDS education in the United States and India. He then pursued a combined medical (M.D.) and business (M.B.A.) degree from Yale University and graduated in 2003. Early in his career, he worked as a doctor at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston.

Path to surgeon general

In 2008 Murthy helped launch Doctors for Obama, a group of approximately 10,000 doctors who worked to get Obama elected president that year. The group rebranded itself as Doctors for America in 2009 and expanded its membership to 15,000 by 2012 and to 75,000 by 2024. Murthy served as president of Doctors for America, and the group rallied support for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA; also abbreviated ACA and popularly known as “Obamacare”). As he explained in an interview with Hospitalist News in 2012, Murthy was “struck by how few physicians were organizing and gathering their ideas to actually make an impact on the candidates’ platforms and, ultimately, on a health reform bill.”

In November 2013 President Obama nominated Murthy to succeed Surgeon General Regina Benjamin, who had held that role (2009–13) earlier in Obama’s administration. It took more than a year for the Senate to confirm Murthy as surgeon general, which it did in December 2014. The National Rifle Association of America (NRA) opposed his nomination, largely because a post of his on Twitter (now X) had stated that “guns are a health care issue.” However, in his Senate confirmation hearings as a nominee, he spoke about broader health issues. Republicans and some Democrats were also concerned about his earlier political advocacy work. The vote was 51–43, with all Republicans but one (Mark Kirk of Illinois, an advocate of gun-control legislation) voting against Murthy. Once the dust had settled, President Obama said in an official White House statement, “Vivek’s confirmation makes us better positioned to save lives around the world and protect the American people here at home.” Murthy’s appointment as surgeon general made him the first person of Indian descent to serve in the position and the youngest since the second surgeon general, John B. Hamilton (1879–91). He also holds the distinction of being the youngest active-duty flag officer in federal uniformed service.

Work as surgeon general

As surgeon general under President Obama, Murthy worked on health challenges such as the Ebola and Zika viruses, the opioid crisis, and e-cigarettes. After Donald Trump was elected president in 2016, the new administration asked for Murthy’s resignation. When Murthy refused, he was fired. During the transition to Biden’s presidency in 2020–21, Murthy served on the president-elect’s advisory team for the COVID-19 pandemic. Biden nominated Murthy to his old post, and Murthy won the Senate’s approval in March 2021 by a vote of 57–43.

In July 2021 Murthy released a health advisory entitled Confronting Health Misinformation, which warned against the spread of misinformation about COVID-19. In the advisory, he asked social media platforms to adjust their policies “to avoid amplifying misinformation” and to “impose clear consequences for accounts” that violate those policies. This advisory and other government communications with social media platforms prompted some states and social media users to mount a legal challenge to Murthy and the government for violating the First Amendment’s freedom of speech clause. The plaintiffs were successful before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in Missouri v. Biden (2023). However, in the U.S. Supreme Court’s review of the case, Murthy, Surgeon General, et. al. v. Missouri et. al. (2024), the majority ruled that the plaintiffs did not have standing, that they had failed to demonstrate definitively that the platforms’ actions were the result of government coercion, and that they had failed to show beyond speculation that any government coercion of social media platforms would continue.

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The impact of loneliness on mental and physical health has been a long-running concern of Murthy’s research and work as surgeon general. In 2017, between his two stints in that position, he wrote an essay for Harvard Business Review calling loneliness a “growing health epidemic” and stating the importance of building interpersonal connections in the workplace. Then came the COVID-19 pandemic and social isolation, amid which he released his book Together: The Healing Power of Human Connection in a Sometimes Lonely World. This best-selling book describes the need to combat society’s loneliness epidemic and offers suggestions on how to build connection. In 2023, after returning to the role of surgeon general, Murthy released an advisory on this subject entitled Our Epidemic of Loneliness and Isolation.

That same year Murthy released a surgeon general’s advisory entitled Social Media and Youth Mental Health. He based it on research showing that, despite some salutary effects of social media on youth, there is ample evidence pointing to its negative impact on mental health. He contended that technology companies, parents, and caregivers needed to take action to avoid the dangers of social media, writing, “Now is the time to act swiftly and decisively to protect children and adolescents from risk of harm.”

Following up on this issue in 2024, Murthy wrote an opinion piece for The New York Times calling on Congress to mandate warning labels on social media platforms. Such labels, similar to the surgeon general’s warning on a pack of cigarettes, would inform users that social media is associated with significant mental health harms for adolescents. As he wrote, “A surgeon general’s warning label, which requires congressional action, would regularly remind parents and adolescents that social media has not been proved safe.” Murthy noted that the government has required seat belts and airbags in cars and has issued mandates to ensure safety in other industries. “Why is it,” he asked, “that we have failed to respond to the harms of social media when they are no less urgent or widespread than those posed by unsafe cars, planes or food?”

The year 2024 continued to be an active one for Murthy in the public eye when he released a surgeon general’s advisory entitled Firearm Violence: A Public Health Crisis in America, which details how gun deaths and injuries have become a public health crisis. The advisory notes that since 2020 the leading cause of death among children and adolescents (ages 1–19) has been firearm-related injury, surpassing motor vehicle crashes, cancer, and drug overdose. He urged lawmakers to prohibit large-capacity magazines for civilian use, to implement universal background checks, and to require safe storage of firearms, among other steps. He suggested treating firearms like other consumer products that are regulated.

Also in 2024 Murthy released a surgeon general’s advisory entitled Parents Under Pressure, which outlines the stresses and struggles of parents and caregivers in raising children. He urged policymakers and companies to find ways to ameliorate these challenges. In releasing the advisory, he advocated for “a fundamental shift in how we value and prioritize the mental health and well-being of parents” and suggested “policies, programs, and individual actions we can all take to support parents and caregivers.” Tying this public health concern to his own parenting experience, Murthy expressed in an opinion piece for The New York Times that “as fulfilling as parenting has been, the truth is it has also been more stressful than any job I’ve had.”