Lori Lightfoot

Lori Lightfoot (born August 4, 1962, Massillon, Ohio, U.S.) is an American Democratic politician and attorney who served as mayor of Chicago (2019–23). She was the first African American woman and the first openly gay person to hold that office.

Early life and education

Throughout her childhood Lightfoot’s family struggled financially. Her father, who had lost his hearing after suffering from spinal meningitis, held various jobs, including janitor and handyman. Her mother worked as a home health care assistant, among other jobs. Lightfoot’s parents encouraged her to excel in school, and she earned admittance to the University of Michigan, where she studied political science. After graduating with a bachelor’s degree in 1984, she worked for two years as a legislative aide to U.S. Representative Ralph Regula of Ohio. Lightfoot subsequently attended the University of Chicago Law School on a full scholarship, receiving a degree in 1989. She then served for a year as a judicial clerk for the Michigan Supreme Court. In 1990 she joined the Chicago-based international law firm Mayer Brown.

Assistant U.S. attorney and government official

In 1996 Lightfoot was hired as an assistant U.S. attorney for the Northern District of Illinois. During her six years in the post, she worked on a range of federal cases. Notably, she helped to successfully prosecute former Chicago alderman Virgil E. Jones for corruption and tax violations. She was later appointed by Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley to several positions in city government. Among them were chief administrator of the Chicago Police Department’s Office of Professional Standards (2002–04) and chief of staff and general counsel of the Chicago Office of Emergency Management and Communications (2004–05). Lightfoot rejoined Mayer Brown in 2005. She eventually became a senior partner in the firm’s litigation and conflict resolution division.

Lightfoot returned to government service in 2015, when Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel appointed her president of the Chicago Police Board, a civilian body that oversees police misconduct cases. A year later Emanuel selected her to cochair a new Police Accountability Task Force. It was created after a Chicago police officer was charged with murder in the October 2014 shooting death of an African American teenager, Laquan McDonald. In April 2016 the task force issued a final report that strongly criticized the Chicago Police Department for what the report described as a long history of racially discriminatory practices. The task force recommended numerous reforms, including overhauling disciplinary procedures and investing in additional training for officers. Lightfoot stepped down from the Chicago Police Board in May 2018. By that time, she had become increasingly outspoken about her differences with Emanuel on the pace and direction of police reforms as well as on other matters. She soon launched a bid to unseat Emanuel in the 2019 Chicago mayoral election.

Mayor of Chicago

Initially, Lightfoot was widely considered to be a long shot in the race. However, as the field of challengers in the election began to grow, Emanuel announced in September 2018 that he would not seek a third term. Another turning point in the race came in November, when federal authorities raided the offices of prominent Chicago alderman Ed Burke, who was later charged with attempted extortion. The high-profile raid brought the issue of political corruption to the fore, and Lightfoot’s message of reform and ending the city’s “broken political machine” began to resonate with many Chicago voters. On February 26, 2019, Lightfoot topped a field of 14 candidates in the first round of the mayoral election, though she failed to achieve the majority required to avoid a runoff. When the runoff election was held on April 2, she resoundingly defeated her opponent, Cook County Board Pres. Toni Preckwinkle, by a margin of 73.7 percent to 26.3 percent. Lightfoot also claimed victory in all 50 of Chicago’s wards. She was sworn in as mayor on May 20, 2019.

Lightfoot scored an early legislative victory when the Chicago City Council unanimously passed her ethics reform package in July. The set of reforms included giving Chicago’s inspector general more power to investigate the City Council and raising fines on council members who violated ethics rules. In early 2020 Lightfoot’s term began to be dominated by the outbreak of COVID-19. In late February she stated that Chicago was prepared to take “extraordinary measures” if necessary in response to the outbreak. The World Health Organization declared the outbreak a global pandemic on March 11. In the days that followed, Lightfoot introduced lockdown measures for the city that were aimed at slowing the spread of the virus. She also appeared with Illinois Gov. J.B. Pritzker as he announced a stay-at-home order that went into effect statewide.

On May 8, 2020, Lightfoot unveiled a five-phase reopening plan for Chicago. The plan hinged on declining numbers of new COVID-19 cases and increased testing capacity, among other benchmarks. The mayor’s guidelines complemented a separate plan that Pritzker had outlined for reopening Illinois. Chicago was able to fully reopen along with the rest of the state on June 11, 2021. As cases surged at year’s end, however, Lightfoot announced a new round of restrictions, including requiring proof of vaccination against COVID-19 to enter restaurants, sports arenas, and certain other venues in the city.

Get Unlimited Access

Try Britannica Premium for free and discover more.

Subscribe

Lightfoot used federal stimulus funds distributed during the pandemic to invest in a range of recovery programs as well as to help narrow the city’s massive budget shortfall. In addition to dealing with the pandemic and the severe toll it took on Chicago’s economy, Lightfoot also grappled with violent crime during her tenure. At a time when many major U.S. cities saw increases in homicide rates, the Chicago Police Department recorded 797 homicides in 2021, the most the city had experienced in any single year since 1996. That spike prompted Lightfoot to ask U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland for additional federal resources to boost local law enforcement efforts, particularly those aimed at stopping the flow of illegal guns into the city.

Lightfoot faced a difficult reelection in 2023. Crime remained a major concern, and many on the left had grown disillusioned with her mayoralty. Critics noted her failure to deliver on campaign pledges, including police reform. In addition, Lightfoot encountered opposition from labour unions, most notably the Chicago Teachers Union, which had gone on strike several times during her tenure. Against this backdrop, a number of candidates entered the mayoral race. In the February 2023 election Lightfoot was defeated as two other candidates advanced to a runoff. She left office at the end of her term in May.

Personal life

Lightfoot married her longtime partner, Amy Eshleman, in June 2014, when same-sex marriage became legal in Illinois. Eshleman, a former administrator for the Chicago Public Library, was active in issues concerning children and young adults. The couple has a daughter named Vivian.