Kathy Hochul

Kathy Hochul (born August 27, 1958, Woodlawn, New York, U.S.) is an American politician and attorney who has served as the governor of New York since 2021. She is the state’s first female governor. Hochul previously served as Erie county clerk (2007–11), U.S. representative for New York’s 26th congressional district (2011–13), and lieutenant governor (2015–21) to Gov. Andrew Cuomo. She is a member of the Democratic Party but has often taken right-leaning stances. Hochul defends her political shifts by saying that she is fulfilling her obligations as an elected representative. “People want results now,” she told New York Magazine in 2021. “They want basic competency at tackling problems, and no one could look at my record and say what camp I fit into because I will defy those labels. They don’t work for me. Because the issue, each issue, is unique in its own right.”

Early life

Hochul was born Kathleen (Kathy) Courtney in Woodlawn, New York, outside of Buffalo. She was the second of six children of Jack Courtney, who did clerical work at the Bethlehem Steel plant—where her grandfather and uncle also worked—while taking night classes toward a college degree, and Pat Courtney, who was a stay-at-home mother. The family moved to nearby Hamburg when Kathy was young. The Courtneys, who were Irish Catholic, were involved in their parish and in the Christian Family Movement, an activist organization. Jack Courtney chaired local committees for Housing Opportunities Made Equal, a group against housing segregation, and as a preteen Kathy Courtney joined her parents in seeking volunteers to “fast for peace” in protest of the Vietnam War. In high school she volunteered for the Erie County Democratic Committee.

Education and marriage

In 1976 Courtney entered Syracuse University and joined student government, leading such campaigns as a successful boycott of the college bookstore over high prices and a push to have the football stadium named for Ernie Davis, a former halfback on the school’s team and the first Black player to win the Heisman Trophy. In 1980 she graduated with a degree in political science and met her future husband, William (Bill) Hochul, Jr., when both had internships with the New York State Assembly. The two went to separate law schools, with Courtney attending the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., and Hochul going to State University of New York at Buffalo. They married in 1984, and Courtney took his name.

Early career and becoming a stay-at-home mother

In the years after earning a law degree (1983), Kathy Hochul took a job at a law firm in Washington and then shifted to Capitol Hill, working as an aide for U.S. Rep. John LaFalce and for U.S. Sen. Daniel Patrick Moynihan. By 1991 she and her husband had two young children, William (Billy) III, and Caitlin (Katie), and had decided to move back to New York, to Hamburg. Her husband became a federal prosecutor, eventually rising to the rank of U.S. attorney, and Hochul became a stay-at-home mother. During this time she took a public speaking course, which she said helped “transform” her life. She told New York Magazine in 2021, “It really taught me how to speak impromptu and kind of just how to be comfortable in my own skin.”

Early political career

In 1994 Hochul’s political career started on the Hamburg town board. She led a boycott of local Exxon stations over their high prices and a crusade against tolls on the highways into downtown Buffalo. By 2007 Hochul had become a well-known figure in local politics, and that year Eliot Spitzer, New York’s governor at the time, appointed her to fill a vacancy as Erie county clerk. During her tenure she fought Spitzer on his plan to let undocumented immigrants obtain driver’s licenses, threatening to report any undocumented applicants to federal authorities if Spitzer’s plan was implemented.

Serving in the U.S. Congress

In 2011 Hochul gained more visibility when she won a special election to fill the seat in New York’s 26th congressional district, one of the state’s most conservative districts. She was seen as a rising star in the Democratic Party, but during her 2012 campaign she tried to appeal to constituents of the 27th congressional district (in which she was now running because of redistricting) by taking on a number of right-leaning stances, including accepting an endorsement from the National Rifle Association. She nonetheless lost her bid, ending her term as a U.S. representative in 2013.

Lieutenant governor of New York

In 2014 Governor Cuomo asked Hochul to serve as his running mate in his reelection bid. They won the election, but the two had a very formal professional relationship. In 2021 Hochul told local news channel NY1, “It’s no secret that the governor and I were not close. He had his own tight inner circle. I created my own space.” She spent her time as lieutenant governor traveling the state, meeting with local officials and attending ceremonies. Hochul also chaired the state’s Regional Economic Development Councils and cochaired several other groups, including the state’s Heroin and Opioid Task Force. In 2018 Cuomo, apparently feeling Hochul had outlived her usefulness as a running mate, publicly suggested that she step down, but she declined and won reelection.

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Governor of New York

In August 2021 Cuomo resigned after an investigation by the state attorney general concluded that he had sexually harassed multiple women. Hochul became governor on August 24, and in the following months she sought to differentiate herself by promising transparency and a more collaborative approach to governing. She quickly ushered through a number of initiatives that had been stalled under Cuomo, including such COVID-19 policies as vaccine mandates for health care workers and approving wind and hydroelectric power infrastructure projects. Hochul was elected to a full term in November 2022.

During the 2023 legislative session Hochul struggled to pass her legislative agenda. A plan to relieve the state’s housing crisis, with measures including rent protections and tax breaks for developers, collapsed twice because she couldn’t reach an agreement with lawmakers. She was accused of allying herself too closely with developers. Her nominee for chief judge was also rejected by the state Senate. However, she notched victories on school aid, a minimum-wage increase, and funding for New York City’s public transit system.