Study the kivas and cliff dwellings of the Ancestral Puebloans in the southwest of the United States
Study the kivas and cliff dwellings of the Ancestral Puebloans in the southwest of the United States
Cliff dwellings were used during the Pueblo III period (c. 1150–1300 ce) in the Four Corners area of the American Southwest.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Transcript
NARRATOR: Tucked within the canyons of the southwestern United States are hundreds of prehistoric homes of the Ancestral Puebloans, once known as the Anasazi. These homes are called cliff dwellings, because they were built along the sides and under the overhangs of cliffs.
These massive dwellings were built between 1150 and 1300, as the Ancestral Puebloans shifted from hunting and gathering to a more sedentary life that relied primarily on farming. They moved their residences from the middle of the canyon floor to the canyon walls and cliffs, which provided natural protection from their nomadic neighbors.
The Ancestral Puebloans constructed their cliff homes from hand-cut stone blocks and mortar made from adobe, a heavy clay soil. Dwellings often consisted of two to four stories. Each floor was set back from the one below it, giving the buildings a stepped appearance. The roofs of the lower rooms served as terraces for the rooms above.
The multiple stories of the cliff dwellings also provided further protection. The ground-floor rooms lacked doors and windows, so houses could be entered only by climbing a ladder to the higher floor and passing through an opening in the ceiling. If the town were attacked, the ladders could be pulled up to prevent enemy access.
Many smaller communities joined together to form one large town under the cliffs. Large apartment-like structures were built, with some of the larger houses containing anywhere from 20 to 800 rooms.
Each cliff dwelling also had two or more kivas—underground circular chambers used mainly for ceremonial purposes. Kivas became important community features for the Ancestral Puebloans.
By the year 1300 the Ancestral Puebloans abandoned their cliff dwellings. A severe drought combined with increased competition and conflict with neighboring groups may have caused them to look for resources elsewhere.
These massive dwellings were built between 1150 and 1300, as the Ancestral Puebloans shifted from hunting and gathering to a more sedentary life that relied primarily on farming. They moved their residences from the middle of the canyon floor to the canyon walls and cliffs, which provided natural protection from their nomadic neighbors.
The Ancestral Puebloans constructed their cliff homes from hand-cut stone blocks and mortar made from adobe, a heavy clay soil. Dwellings often consisted of two to four stories. Each floor was set back from the one below it, giving the buildings a stepped appearance. The roofs of the lower rooms served as terraces for the rooms above.
The multiple stories of the cliff dwellings also provided further protection. The ground-floor rooms lacked doors and windows, so houses could be entered only by climbing a ladder to the higher floor and passing through an opening in the ceiling. If the town were attacked, the ladders could be pulled up to prevent enemy access.
Many smaller communities joined together to form one large town under the cliffs. Large apartment-like structures were built, with some of the larger houses containing anywhere from 20 to 800 rooms.
Each cliff dwelling also had two or more kivas—underground circular chambers used mainly for ceremonial purposes. Kivas became important community features for the Ancestral Puebloans.
By the year 1300 the Ancestral Puebloans abandoned their cliff dwellings. A severe drought combined with increased competition and conflict with neighboring groups may have caused them to look for resources elsewhere.