lords appellants

The Lords Appellant, as they were now called—the duke of Gloucester and the earls of Warwick, Arundel, Nottingham, and Derby—mobilized their retinues in self-defense. Richard dispatched his friend Robert de Vere southward with an armed force, but de Vere was defeated at Radcot Bridge on December…

…his associates—later known as the appellants—took virtual control of the king’s government. Gloucester defeated one of Richard’s favourites, Robert de Vere, Duke of Ireland, at Radcot Bridge, Oxfordshire, in December 1387 and then had a number of the king’s friends executed. In 1389 Richard gained the upper hand and worked…

…five opposition leaders—known as the lords appellants—who in 1387–89 outlawed Richard’s closest associates and forced the king to submit to their domination. Richard had just regained the upper hand when Gaunt returned to reconcile the king to his enemies. Bolingbroke then went on Crusade into Lithuania (1390) and Prussia (1392).…

…of powerful nobles—known as the lords appellant—who from 1387 to 1389 forced Richard II to submit to their authority. Nevertheless, after Richard regained power, he employed Mowbray on military and diplomatic missions. In 1397 Richard arrested three leading appellants, including Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester. Committed to Mowbray’s charge,…