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Nobel Prize Winners by Year
The Nobel Prizes are awarded annually from a fund bequeathed for that purpose by the Swedish inventor and industrialist Alfred Bernhard Nobel. They are widely regarded as the most prestigious awards given for intellectual achievement in the world and are conferred in six categories: physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, peace, and economics.
The table provides a chronological list of Nobel Prize winners.
| year | category | name | country* | achievement |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Nationality given is the citizenship of the recipient at the time the award was made. Prizes may be withheld or not awarded in years when no worthy recipient can be found or when the world situation (e.g., World Wars I and II) prevents the gathering of information needed to reach a decision. | ||||
| **Prize awarded in 2019. | ||||
| 1901 | chemistry | Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff | Netherlands | laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure |
| literature | Sully Prudhomme | France | ||
| peace | Henri Dunant | Switzerland | ||
| Frédéric Passy | France | |||
| physics | Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen | Germany | discovery of X-rays | |
| physiology/medicine | Emil von Behring | Germany | work on serum therapy | |
| 1902 | chemistry | Emil Fischer | Germany | work on sugar and purine syntheses |
| literature | Theodor Mommsen | Germany | ||
| peace | Élie Ducommun | Switzerland | ||
| Charles-Albert Gobat | Switzerland | |||
| physics | Hendrik Antoon Lorentz | Netherlands | investigation of the influence of magnetism on radiation | |
| Pieter Zeeman | Netherlands | investigation of the influence of magnetism on radiation | ||
| physiology/medicine | Sir Ronald Ross | U.K. | discovery of how malaria enters an organism | |
| 1903 | chemistry | Svante Arrhenius | Sweden | theory of electrolytic dissociation |
| literature | Bjørnstjerne Martinius Bjørnson | Norway | ||
| peace | Sir Randal Cremer | U.K. | ||
| physics | Henri Becquerel | France | discovery of spontaneous radioactivity | |
| Marie Curie | France | investigations of radiation phenomena discovered by Becquerel | ||
| Pierre Curie | France | investigations of radiation phenomena discovered by Becquerel | ||
| physiology/medicine | Niels Ryberg Finsen | Denmark | treatment of skin diseases with light | |
| 1904 | chemistry | Sir William Ramsay | U.K. | discovery of inert gas elements and their places in the periodic system |
| literature | José Echegaray y Eizaguirre | Spain | ||
| Frédéric Mistral | France | |||
| peace | Institute of International Law | (founded 1873) | ||
| physics | Lord Rayleigh | U.K. | discovery of argon | |
| physiology/medicine | Ivan Pavlov | Russia | work on the physiology of digestion | |
| 1905 | chemistry | Adolf von Baeyer | Germany | work on organic dyes, hydroaromatic compounds |
| literature | Henryk Sienkiewicz | Poland | ||
| peace | Bertha, baroness von Suttner | Austria-Hungary | ||
| physics | Philipp Lenard | Germany | research on cathode rays | |
| physiology/medicine | Robert Koch | Germany | tuberculosis research | |
| 1906 | chemistry | Henri Moissan | France | isolation of fluorine; introduction of Moissan furnace |
| literature | Giosuè Carducci | Italy | ||
| peace | Theodore Roosevelt | U.S. | ||
| physics | Sir J.J. Thomson | U.K. | researches into electrical conductivity of gases | |
| physiology/medicine | Camillo Golgi | Italy | work on the structure of the nervous system | |
| Santiago Ramón y Cajal | Spain | work on the structure of the nervous system | ||
| 1907 | chemistry | Eduard Buchner | Germany | discovery of noncellular fermentation |
| literature | Rudyard Kipling | U.K. | ||
| peace | Ernesto Teodoro Moneta | Italy | ||
| Louis Renault | France | |||
| physics | A.A. Michelson | U.S. | spectroscopic and metrological investigations | |
| physiology/medicine | Alphonse Laveran | France | discovery of the role of protozoa in diseases | |
| 1908 | chemistry | Ernest Rutherford | U.K. | investigations into the disintegration of elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances |
| literature | Rudolf Christoph Eucken | Germany | ||
| peace | Klas Pontus Arnoldson | Sweden | ||
| Fredrik Bajer | Denmark | |||
| physics | Gabriel Lippmann | France | photographic reproduction of colours | |
| physiology/medicine | Paul Ehrlich | Germany | work on immunity | |
| Élie Metchnikoff | Russia | work on immunity | ||
| 1909 | chemistry | Wilhelm Ostwald | Germany | pioneer work on catalysis, chemical equilibrium, and reaction velocities |
| literature | Selma Lagerlöf | Sweden | ||
| peace | Auguste-Marie-François Beernaert | Belgium | ||
| Paul-H.-B. d'Estournelles de Constant | France | |||
| physics | Ferdinand Braun | Germany | development of wireless telegraphy | |
| Guglielmo Marconi | Italy | development of wireless telegraphy | ||
| physiology/medicine | Emil Theodor Kocher | Switzerland | physiology, pathology, and surgery of the thyroid gland | |
| 1910 | chemistry | Otto Wallach | Germany | pioneer work in alicyclic combinations |
| literature | Paul Johann Ludwig von Heyse | Germany | ||
| peace | International Peace Bureau | (founded 1891) | ||
| physics | Johannes Diederik van der Waals | Netherlands | research concerning the equation of state of gases and liquids | |
| physiology/medicine | Albrecht Kossel | Germany | researches in cellular chemistry | |
| 1911 | chemistry | Marie Curie | France | discovery of radium and polonium; isolation of radium |
| literature | Maurice Maeterlinck | Belgium | ||
| peace | Tobias Michael Carel Asser | Netherlands | ||
| Alfred Hermann Fried | Austria-Hungary | |||
| physics | Wilhelm Wien | Germany | discoveries regarding laws governing heat radiation | |
| physiology/medicine | Allvar Gullstrand | Sweden | work on dioptrics of the eye | |
| 1912 | chemistry | Victor Grignard | France | discovery of the Grignard reagents |
| Paul Sabatier | France | method of hydrogenating organic compounds | ||
| literature | Gerhart Hauptmann | Germany | ||
| peace | Elihu Root | U.S. | ||
| physics | Nils Dalén | Sweden | invention of automatic regulators for lighting coastal beacons and light buoys | |
| physiology/medicine | Alexis Carrel | France | work on vascular suture; transplantation of organs | |
| 1913 | chemistry | Alfred Werner | Switzerland | work on the linkage of atoms in molecules |
| literature | Rabindranath Tagore | India | ||
| peace | Henri-Marie Lafontaine | Belgium | ||
| physics | Heike Kamerlingh Onnes | Netherlands | investigation into the properties of matter at low temperatures; production of liquid helium | |
| physiology/medicine | Charles Richet | France | work on anaphylaxis | |
| 1914 | chemistry | Theodore William Richards | U.S. | accurate determination of the atomic weights of numerous elements |
| physics | Max von Laue | Germany | discovery of diffraction of X-rays by crystals | |
| physiology/medicine | Robert Bárány | Austria-Hungary | work on vestibular apparatus | |
| 1915 | chemistry | Richard Willstätter | Germany | pioneer researches in plant pigments, especially chlorophyll |
| literature | Romain Rolland | France | ||
| physics | Sir Lawrence Bragg | U.K. | analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays | |
| Sir William Bragg | U.K. | analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays | ||
| 1916 | literature | Verner von Heidenstam | Sweden | |
| 1917 | literature | Karl Adolph Gjellerup | Denmark | |
| Henrik Pontoppidan | Denmark | |||
| peace | International Committee of the Red Cross | (founded 1863) | ||
| physics | Charles Glover Barkla | U.K. | discovery of characteristic X-radiation of elements | |
| 1918 | chemistry | Fritz Haber | Germany | synthesis of ammonia |
| literature | Erik Axel Karlfeldt (declined) | Sweden | ||
| physics | Max Planck | Germany | discovery of the elemental quanta | |
| 1919 | literature | Carl Spitteler | Switzerland | |
| peace | Woodrow Wilson | U.S. | ||
| physics | Johannes Stark | Germany | discovery of Doppler effect in positive ion rays and division of spectral lines in electric field | |
| physiology/medicine | Jules Bordet | Belgium | work on immunity factors in blood serum | |
| 1920 | chemistry | Walther Hermann Nernst | Germany | work in thermochemistry |
| literature | Knut Hamsun | Norway | ||
| peace | Léon Bourgeois | France | ||
| physics | Charles Édouard Guillaume | Switzerland | discovery of anomalies in alloys | |
| physiology/medicine | August Krogh | Denmark | discovery of capillary motor-regulating mechanism | |
| 1921 | chemistry | Frederick Soddy | U.K. | chemistry of radioactive substances; occurrence and nature of isotopes |
| literature | Anatole France | France | ||
| peace | Karl Hjalmar Branting | Sweden | ||
| Christian Lous Lange | Norway | |||
| physics | Albert Einstein | Switzerland | work in theoretical physics | |
| 1922 | chemistry | Francis William Aston | U.K. | work with mass spectrograph; whole-number rule |
| literature | Jacinto Benavente y Martínez | Spain | ||
| peace | Fridtjof Nansen | Norway | ||
| physics | Niels Bohr | Denmark | investigation of atomic structure and radiation | |
| physiology/medicine | A.V. Hill | U.K. | discoveries concerning heat production in muscles | |
| Otto Meyerhof | Germany | work on metabolism of lactic acid in muscles | ||
| 1923 | chemistry | Fritz Pregl | Austria | method of microanalysis of organic substances |
| literature | William Butler Yeats | Ireland | ||
| physics | Robert Andrews Millikan | U.S. | work on elementary electric charge and the photoelectric effect | |
| physiology/medicine | Sir Frederick Grant Banting | Canada | discovery of insulin | |
| J.J.R. Macleod | U.K. | discovery of insulin | ||
| 1924 | literature | Władysław Stanisław Reymont | Poland | |
| physics | Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn | Sweden | work in X-ray spectroscopy | |
| physiology/medicine | Willem Einthoven | Netherlands | discovery of electrocardiogram mechanism | |
| 1925 | chemistry | Richard Zsigmondy | Austria | elucidation of the heterogeneous nature of colloidal solutions |
| literature | George Bernard Shaw | Ireland | ||
| peace | Sir Austen Chamberlain | U.K. | ||
| Charles G. Dawes | U.S. | |||
| physics | James Franck | Germany | discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom | |
| Gustav Hertz | Germany | discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom | ||
| 1926 | chemistry | Theodor H.E. Svedberg | Sweden | work on disperse systems |
| literature | Grazia Deledda | Italy | ||
| peace | Aristide Briand | France | ||
| Gustav Stresemann | Germany | |||
| physics | Jean Perrin | France | work on discontinuous structure of matter | |
| physiology/medicine | Johannes Fibiger | Denmark | contributions to cancer research | |
| 1927 | chemistry | Heinrich Otto Wieland | Germany | researches into the constitution of bile acids |
| literature | Henri Bergson | France | ||
| peace | Ferdinand-Édouard Buisson | France | ||
| Ludwig Quidde | Germany | |||
| physics | Arthur Holly Compton | U.S. | discovery of wavelength change in diffused X-rays | |
| C.T.R. Wilson | U.K. | method of making visible the paths of electrically charged particles | ||
| physiology/medicine | Julius Wagner-Jauregg | Austria | work on malaria inoculation in dementia paralytica | |
| 1928 | chemistry | Adolf Windaus | Germany | constitution of sterols and their connection with vitamins |
| literature | Sigrid Undset | Norway | ||
| physics | Sir Owen Willans Richardson | U.K. | work on electron emission by hot metals | |
| physiology/medicine | Charles-Jules-Henri Nicolle | France | work on typhus | |
| 1929 | chemistry | Hans von Euler-Chelpin | Sweden | investigations in the fermentation of sugars and the enzyme action involved |
| Sir Arthur Harden | U.K. | investigations in the fermentation of sugars and the enzyme action involved | ||
| literature | Thomas Mann | Germany | ||
| peace | Frank B. Kellogg | U.S. | ||
| physics | Louis de Broglie | France | discovery of the wave nature of electrons | |
| physiology/medicine | Christiaan Eijkman | Netherlands | discovery of the antineuritic vitamin | |
| Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins | U.K. | discovery of growth-stimulating vitamins | ||
| 1930 | chemistry | Hans Fischer | Germany | hemin, chlorophyll research; synthesis of hemin |
| literature | Sinclair Lewis | U.S. | ||
| peace | Nathan Söderblom | Sweden | ||
| physics | Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman | India | work on light diffusion; discovery of Raman effect | |
| physiology/medicine | Karl Landsteiner | U.S. | grouping of human blood types | |
| 1931 | chemistry | Friedrich Bergius | Germany | invention and development of chemical high-pressure methods |
| Carl Bosch | Germany | invention and development of chemical high-pressure methods | ||
| literature | Erik Axel Karlfeldt (posthumous award) | Sweden | ||
| peace | Jane Addams | U.S. | ||
| Nicholas Murray Butler | U.S. | |||
| physiology/medicine | Otto Warburg | Germany | discovery of nature and action of respiratory enzyme | |
| 1932 | chemistry | Irving Langmuir | U.S. | discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry |
| literature | John Galsworthy | U.K. | ||
| physics | Werner Heisenberg | Germany | creation of quantum mechanics | |
| physiology/medicine | Edgar Douglas Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian | U.K. | discoveries regarding function of neurons | |
| Sir Charles Scott Sherrington | U.K. | discoveries regarding function of neurons | ||
| 1933 | literature | Ivan Bunin | U.S.S.R. | |
| peace | Sir Norman Angell | U.K. | ||
| physics | P.A.M. Dirac | U.K. | introduction of wave equations in quantum mechanics | |
| Erwin Schrödinger | Austria | introduction of wave equations in quantum mechanics | ||
| physiology/medicine | Thomas Hunt Morgan | U.S. | heredity transmission functions of chromosomes | |
| 1934 | chemistry | Harold C. Urey | U.S. | discovery of heavy hydrogen |
| literature | Luigi Pirandello | Italy | ||
| peace | Arthur Henderson | U.K. | ||
| physiology/medicine | George Richards Minot | U.S. | discoveries concerning liver treatment for anemia | |
| William P. Murphy | U.S. | discoveries concerning liver treatment for anemia | ||
| George H. Whipple | U.S. | discoveries concerning liver treatment for anemia | ||
| 1935 | chemistry | Frédéric and Irène Joliot-Curie | France | synthesis of new radioactive elements |
| peace | Carl von Ossietzky | Germany | ||
| physics | Sir James Chadwick | U.K. | discovery of the neutron | |
| physiology/medicine | Hans Spemann | Germany | organizer effect in embryo | |
| 1936 | chemistry | Peter Debye | Netherlands | work on dipole moments and diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases |
| literature | Eugene O'Neill | U.S. | ||
| peace | Carlos Saavedra Lamas | Argentina | ||
| physics | Carl David Anderson | U.S. | discovery of the positron | |
| Victor Francis Hess | Austria | discovery of cosmic radiation | ||
| physiology/medicine | Sir Henry Dale | U.K. | work on chemical transmission of nerve impulses | |
| Otto Loewi | Germany | work on chemical transmission of nerve impulses | ||
| 1937 | chemistry | Sir Norman Haworth | U.K. | research on carbohydrates and vitamin C |
| Paul Karrer | Switzerland | research on carotenoids, flavins, and vitamins | ||
| literature | Roger Martin du Gard | France | ||
| peace | Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil | U.K. | ||
| physics | Clinton Joseph Davisson | U.S. | experimental demonstration of the interference phenomenon in crystals irradiated by electrons | |
| Sir George Paget Thomson | U.K. | experimental demonstration of the interference phenomenon in crystals irradiated by electrons | ||
| physiology/medicine | Albert Szent-Györgyi | Hungary | work on biological combustion | |
| 1938 | chemistry | Richard Kuhn (declined) | Germany | carotenoid and vitamin research |
| literature | Pearl Buck | U.S. | ||
| peace | Nansen International Office for Refugees | (founded 1931) | ||
| physics | Enrico Fermi | Italy | disclosure of artificial radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation | |
| physiology/medicine | Corneille Heymans | Belgium | discovery of role of sinus and aortic mechanisms in respiration regulation | |
| 1939 | chemistry | Adolf Butenandt (declined) | Germany | work on sexual hormones |
| Leopold Ruzicka | Switzerland | work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes | ||
| literature | Frans Eemil Sillanpää | Finland | ||
| physics | Ernest Orlando Lawrence | U.S. | invention of the cyclotron | |
| physiology/medicine | Gerhard Domagk (declined) | Germany | antibacterial effect of Prontosil | |
| 1943 | chemistry | Georg Charles von Hevesy | Hungary | use of isotopes as tracers in chemical research |
| physics | Otto Stern | U.S. | discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton | |
| physiology/medicine | Henrik Dam | Denmark | discovery of vitamin K | |
| Edward Adelbert Doisy | U.S. | discovery of chemical nature of vitamin K | ||
| 1944 | chemistry | Otto Hahn | Germany | discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei |
| literature | Johannes V. Jensen | Denmark | ||
| peace | International Committee of the Red Cross | (founded 1863) | ||
| physics | Isidor Isaac Rabi | U.S. | resonance method for registration of various properties of atomic nuclei | |
| physiology/medicine | Joseph Erlanger | U.S. | researches on differentiated functions of nerve fibres | |
| Herbert Spencer Gasser | U.S. | researches on differentiated functions of nerve fibres | ||
| 1945 | chemistry | Artturi Ilmari Virtanen | Finland | invention of fodder preservation method |
| literature | Gabriela Mistral | Chile | ||
| peace | Cordell Hull | U.S. | ||
| physics | Wolfgang Pauli | Austria | discovery of the exclusion principle of electrons | |
| physiology/medicine | Sir Ernst Boris Chain | U.K. | discovery of penicillin and its curative value | |
| Sir Alexander Fleming | U.K. | discovery of penicillin and its curative value | ||
| Howard Walter Florey, Baron Florey | Australia | discovery of penicillin and its curative value | ||
| 1946 | chemistry | John Howard Northrop | U.S. | preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in pure form |
| Wendell Meredith Stanley | U.S. | preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in pure form | ||
| James Batcheller Sumner | U.S. | discovery of enzyme crystallization | ||
| literature | Hermann Hesse | Switzerland | ||
| peace | Emily Greene Balch | U.S. | ||
| John R. Mott | U.S. | |||
| physics | Percy Williams Bridgman | U.S. | discoveries in the domain of high-pressure physics | |
| physiology/medicine | Hermann Joseph Muller | U.S. | production of mutations by X-ray irradiation | |
| 1947 | chemistry | Sir Robert Robinson | U.K. | investigation of alkaloids and other plant products |
| literature | André Gide | France | ||
| peace | American Friends Service Committee | U.S. | ||
| Friends Service Council (FSC) | U.K. | |||
| physics | Sir Edward Victor Appleton | U.K. | discovery of Appleton layer in upper atmosphere | |
| physiology/medicine | Carl and Gerty Cori | U.S. | discovery of how glycogen is catalytically converted | |
| Bernardo Alberto Houssay | Argentina | pituitary hormone function in sugar metabolism | ||
| 1948 | chemistry | Arne Tiselius | Sweden | researches in electrophoresis and adsorption analysis; serum proteins |
| literature | T.S. Eliot | U.K. | ||
| physics | Patrick M.S. Blackett | U.K. | discoveries in the domain of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation | |
| physiology/medicine | Paul Hermann Müller | Switzerland | properties of DDT | |
| 1949 | chemistry | William Francis Giauque | U.S. | behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures |
| literature | William Faulkner | U.S. | ||
| peace | John Boyd Orr, Baron Boyd-Orr of Brechin Mearns | U.K. | ||
| physics | Yukawa Hideki | Japan | prediction of the existence of mesons | |
| physiology/medicine | António Egas Moniz | Portugal | therapeutic value of leucotomy in psychoses | |
| Walter Rudolf Hess | Switzerland | discovery of function of interbrain | ||
| 1950 | chemistry | Kurt Alder | West Germany | discovery and development of diene synthesis |
| Otto Paul Hermann Diels | West Germany | discovery and development of diene synthesis | ||
| literature | Bertrand Russell | U.K. | ||
| peace | Ralph Bunche | U.S. | ||
| physics | Cecil Frank Powell | U.K. | photographic method of studying nuclear processes; discoveries concerning mesons | |
| physiology/medicine | Philip Showalter Hench | U.S. | research on adrenal cortex hormones, their structure and biological effects | |
| Edward Calvin Kendall | U.S. | research on adrenal cortex hormones, their structure and biological effects | ||
| Tadeus Reichstein | Switzerland | research on adrenal cortex hormones, their structure and biological effects | ||
| 1951 | chemistry | Edwin Mattison McMillan | U.S. | discovery of and research on transuranium elements |
| Glenn T. Seaborg | U.S. | discovery of and research on transuranium elements | ||
| literature | Pär Lagerkvist | Sweden | ||
| peace | Léon Jouhaux | France | ||
| physics | Sir John Douglas Cockcroft | U.K. | work on transmutation of atomic nuclei by accelerated particles | |
| Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton | Ireland | work on transmutation of atomic nuclei by accelerated particles | ||
| physiology/medicine | Max Theiler | South Africa | yellow fever discoveries | |
| 1952 | chemistry | A.J.P. Martin | U.K. | development of partition chromatography |
| R.L.M. Synge | U.K. | development of partition chromatography | ||
| literature | François Mauriac | France | ||
| peace | Albert Schweitzer | Alsace | ||
| physics | Felix Bloch | U.S. | discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance in solids | |
| E.M. Purcell | U.S. | discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance in solids | ||
| physiology/medicine | Selman Abraham Waksman | U.S. | discovery of streptomycin | |
| 1953 | chemistry | Hermann Staudinger | West Germany | work on macromolecules |
| literature | Sir Winston Churchill | U.K. | ||
| peace | George C. Marshall | U.S. | ||
| physics | Frits Zernike | Netherlands | method of phase-contrast microscopy | |
| physiology/medicine | Sir Hans Adolf Krebs | U.K. | discovery of coenzyme A–citric acid cycle in metabolism of carbohydrates | |
| Fritz Albert Lipmann | U.S. | discovery of coenzyme A–citric acid cycle in metabolism of carbohydrates | ||
| 1954 | chemistry | Linus Pauling | U.S. | study of the nature of the chemical bond |
| literature | Ernest Hemingway | U.S. | ||
| peace | Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | (founded 1951) | ||
| physics | Max Born | U.K. | statistical studies of atomic wave functions | |
| Walther Bothe | West Germany | invention of coincidence method | ||
| physiology/medicine | John Franklin Enders | U.S. | cultivation of the poliomyelitis virus in tissue cultures | |
| Frederick Chapman Robbins | U.S. | cultivation of the poliomyelitis virus in tissue cultures | ||
| Thomas H. Weller | U.S. | cultivation of the poliomyelitis virus in tissue cultures | ||
| 1955 | chemistry | Vincent du Vigneaud | U.S. | first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone |
| literature | Halldór Laxness | Iceland | ||
| physics | Polykarp Kusch | U.S. | measurement of magnetic moment of electron | |
| Willis Eugene Lamb, Jr. | U.S. | discoveries in the hydrogen spectrum | ||
| physiology/medicine | Axel Hugo Teodor Theorell | Sweden | nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes | |
| 1956 | chemistry | Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood | U.K. | work on the kinetics of chemical reactions |
| Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov | U.S.S.R. | work on the kinetics of chemical reactions | ||
| literature | Juan Ramón Jiménez | Spain | ||
| physics | John Bardeen | U.S. | investigations on semiconductors and invention of the transistor | |
| Walter H. Brattain | U.S. | investigations on semiconductors and invention of the transistor | ||
| William B. Shockley | U.S. | investigations on semiconductors and invention of the transistor | ||
| physiology/medicine | André F. Cournand | U.S. | discoveries concerning heart catheterization and circulatory changes | |
| Werner Forssmann | West Germany | discoveries concerning heart catheterization and circulatory changes | ||
| Dickinson Woodruff Richards | U.S. | discoveries concerning heart catheterization and circulatory changes | ||
| 1957 | chemistry | Alexander Robertus Todd, Baron Todd | U.K. | work on nucleotides and nucleotide coenzymes |
| literature | Albert Camus | France | ||
| peace | Lester B. Pearson | Canada | ||
| physics | Tsung-Dao Lee | China | discovery of violations of the principle of parity | |
| Chen Ning Yang | China | discovery of violations of the principle of parity | ||
| physiology/medicine | Daniel Bovet | Italy | production of synthetic curare | |
| 1958 | chemistry | Frederick Sanger | U.K. | determination of the structure of the insulin molecule |
| literature | Boris Leonidovich Pasternak (declined) | U.S.S.R. | ||
| peace | Dominique Pire | Belgium | ||
| physics | Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov | U.S.S.R. | discovery and interpretation of the Cherenkov effect | |
| Ilya Mikhaylovich Frank | U.S.S.R. | discovery and interpretation of the Cherenkov effect | ||
| Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm | U.S.S.R. | discovery and interpretation of the Cherenkov effect | ||
| physiology/medicine | George Wells Beadle | U.S. | genetic regulation of chemical processes | |
| Joshua Lederberg | U.S. | genetic recombination | ||
| Edward L. Tatum | U.S. | genetic regulation of chemical processes | ||
| 1959 | chemistry | Jaroslav Heyrovský | Czechoslovakia | discovery and development of polarography |
| literature | Salvatore Quasimodo | Italy | ||
| peace | Philip John Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker | U.K. | ||
| physics | Owen Chamberlain | U.S. | confirmation of the existence of the antiproton | |
| Emilio Segrè | U.S. | confirmation of the existence of the antiproton | ||
| physiology/medicine | Arthur Kornberg | U.S. | work on producing nucleic acids artificially | |
| Severo Ochoa | U.S. | work on producing nucleic acids artificially | ||
| 1960 | chemistry | Willard Frank Libby | U.S. | development of radiocarbon dating |
| literature | Saint-John Perse | France | ||
| peace | Albert John Luthuli | South Africa | ||
| physics | Donald A. Glaser | U.S. | development of the bubble chamber | |
| physiology/medicine | Sir Macfarlane Burnet | Australia | acquired immunity to tissue transplants | |
| Sir Peter B. Medawar | U.K. | acquired immunity to tissue transplants | ||
| 1961 | chemistry | Melvin Calvin | U.S. | study of chemical steps that take place during photosynthesis |
| literature | Ivo Andric | Yugoslavia | ||
| peace | Dag Hammarskjöld | Sweden | ||
| physics | Robert Hofstadter | U.S. | determination of shape and size of atomic nucleons | |
| Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer | West Germany | discovery of the Mössbauer effect | ||
| physiology/medicine | Georg von Békésy | U.S. | functions of the inner ear | |
| 1962 | chemistry | Sir John Cowdery Kendrew | U.K. | determination of the structure of hemoproteins |
| Max Ferdinand Perutz | U.K. | determination of the structure of hemoproteins | ||
| literature | John Steinbeck | U.S. | ||
| peace | Linus Pauling | U.S. | ||
| physics | Lev Davidovich Landau | U.S.S.R. | contributions to the understanding of condensed states of matter | |
| physiology/medicine | Francis Harry Compton Crick | U.K. | discoveries concerning the molecular structure of DNA | |
| James Dewey Watson | U.S. | discoveries concerning the molecular structure of DNA | ||
| Maurice Wilkins | U.K. | discoveries concerning the molecular structure of DNA | ||
| 1963 | chemistry | Giulio Natta | Italy | structure and synthesis of polymers in the field of plastics |
| Karl Ziegler | West Germany | structure and synthesis of polymers in the field of plastics | ||
| literature | George Seferis | Greece | ||
| peace | International Committee of the Red Cross | (founded 1863) | ||
| League of Red Cross Societies | ||||
| physics | J. Hans D. Jensen | West Germany | development of shell model theory of the structure of the atomic nuclei | |
| Maria Goeppert Mayer | U.S. | development of shell model theory of the structure of the atomic nuclei | ||
| Eugene Paul Wigner | U.S. | principles governing interaction of protons and neutrons in the nucleus | ||
| physiology/medicine | Sir John Carew Eccles | Australia | study of the transmission of impulses along a nerve fibre | |
| Sir Alan Hodgkin | U.K. | study of the transmission of impulses along a nerve fibre | ||
| Sir Andrew Fielding Huxley | U.K. | study of the transmission of impulses along a nerve fibre | ||
| 1964 | chemistry | Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin | U.K. | determining the structure of biochemical compounds essential in combating pernicious anemia |
| literature | Jean-Paul Sartre (declined) | France | ||
| peace | Martin Luther King, Jr. | U.S. | ||
| physics | Nikolay Gennadiyevich Basov | U.S.S.R. | work in quantum electronics leading to construction of instruments based on maser-laser principles | |
| Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Prokhorov | U.S.S.R. | work in quantum electronics leading to construction of instruments based on maser-laser principles | ||
| Charles Hard Townes | U.S. | work in quantum electronics leading to construction of instruments based on maser-laser principles | ||
| physiology/medicine | Konrad Bloch | U.S. | discoveries concerning cholesterol and fatty-acid metabolism | |
| Feodor Lynen | West Germany | discoveries concerning cholesterol and fatty-acid metabolism | ||
| 1965 | chemistry | R.B. Woodward | U.S. | synthesis of sterols, chlorophyll, and other substances |
| literature | Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov | U.S.S.R. | ||
| peace | United Nations Children's Fund | (founded 1946) | ||
| physics | Richard P. Feynman | U.S. | basic principles of quantum electrodynamics | |
| Julian Seymour Schwinger | U.S. | basic principles of quantum electrodynamics | ||
| Tomonaga Shin'ichiro | Japan | basic principles of quantum electrodynamics | ||
| physiology/medicine | François Jacob | France | discoveries concerning regulatory activities of the body cells | |
| André Lwoff | France | discoveries concerning regulatory activities of the body cells | ||
| Jacques Monod | France | discoveries concerning regulatory activities of the body cells | ||
| 1966 | chemistry | Robert Sanderson Mulliken | U.S. | work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules |
| literature | S.Y. Agnon | Israel | ||
| Nelly Sachs | Sweden | |||
| physics | Alfred Kastler | France | discovery of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms | |
| physiology/medicine | Charles B. Huggins | U.S. | research on causes and treatment of cancer | |
| Peyton Rous | U.S. | research on causes and treatment of cancer | ||
| 1967 | chemistry | Manfred Eigen | West Germany | studies of extremely fast chemical reactions |
| Ronald George Wreyford Norrish | U.K. | studies of extremely fast chemical reactions | ||
| Sir George Porter | U.K. | studies of extremely fast chemical reactions | ||
| literature | Miguel Ángel Asturias | Guatemala | ||
| physics | Hans Bethe | U.S. | discoveries concerning the energy production of stars | |
| physiology/medicine | Ragnar Arthur Granit | Sweden | discoveries about chemical and physiological visual processes in the eye | |
| Haldan Keffer Hartline | U.S. | discoveries about chemical and physiological visual processes in the eye | ||
| George Wald | U.S. | discoveries about chemical and physiological visual processes in the eye | ||
| 1968 | chemistry | Lars Onsager | U.S. | work on theory of thermodynamics of irreversible processes |
| literature | Kawabata Yasunari | Japan | ||
| peace | René Cassin | France | ||
| physics | Luis W. Alvarez | U.S. | work with elementary particles, discovery of resonance states | |
| physiology/medicine | Robert William Holley | U.S. | deciphering of the genetic code | |
| Har Gobind Khorana | U.S. | deciphering of the genetic code | ||
| Marshall William Nirenberg | U.S. | deciphering of the genetic code | ||
| 1969 | chemistry | Sir Derek H.R. Barton | U.K. | work in determining actual three-dimensional shape of molecules |
| Odd Hassel | Norway | work in determining actual three-dimensional shape of molecules | ||
| economics | Ragnar Frisch | Norway | work in econometrics | |
| Jan Tinbergen | Netherlands | work in econometrics | ||
| literature | Samuel Beckett | Ireland | ||
| peace | International Labour Organisation | (founded 1919) | ||
| physics | Murray Gell-Mann | U.S. | classification of elementary particles and their interactions | |
| physiology/medicine | Max Delbrück | U.S. | research and discoveries concerning viruses and viral diseases | |
| A.D. Hershey | U.S. | research and discoveries concerning viruses and viral diseases | ||
| Salvador Luria | U.S. | research and discoveries concerning viruses and viral diseases | ||
| 1970 | chemistry | Luis Federico Leloir | Argentina | discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates |
| economics | Paul Samuelson | U.S. | work in scientific analysis of economic theory | |
| literature | Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn | U.S.S.R. | ||
| peace | Norman Ernest Borlaug | U.S. | ||
| physics | Hannes Alfvén | Sweden | work in magnetohydrodynamics and in antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism | |
| Louis-Eugène-Félix Néel | France | work in magnetohydrodynamics and in antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism | ||
| physiology/medicine | Julius Axelrod | U.S. | discoveries concerning the chemistry of nerve transmission | |
| Ulf von Euler | Sweden | discoveries concerning the chemistry of nerve transmission | ||
| Sir Bernard Katz | U.K. | discoveries concerning the chemistry of nerve transmission | ||
| 1971 | chemistry | Gerhard Herzberg | Canada | research in the structure of molecules |
| economics | Simon Kuznets | U.S. | extensive research on the economic growth of nations | |
| literature | Pablo Neruda | Chile | ||
| peace | Willy Brandt | West Germany | ||
| physics | Dennis Gabor | U.K. | invention of holography | |
| physiology/medicine | Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. | U.S. | action of hormones | |
| 1972 | chemistry | Christian B. Anfinsen | U.S. | fundamental contributions to enzyme chemistry |
| Stanford Moore | U.S. | fundamental contributions to enzyme chemistry | ||
| William H. Stein | U.S. | fundamental contributions to enzyme chemistry | ||
| economics | Kenneth J. Arrow | U.S. | contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory | |
| Sir John R. Hicks | U.K. | contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory | ||
| literature | Heinrich Böll | West Germany | ||
| physics | John Bardeen | U.S. | development of the theory of superconductivity | |
| Leon N. Cooper | U.S. | development of the theory of superconductivity | ||
| John Robert Schrieffer | U.S. | development of the theory of superconductivity | ||
| physiology/medicine | Gerald Maurice Edelman | U.S. | research on the chemical structure of antibodies | |
| Rodney Robert Porter | U.K. | research on the chemical structure of antibodies | ||
| 1973 | chemistry | Ernst Otto Fischer | West Germany | organometallic chemistry |
| Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson | U.K. | organometallic chemistry | ||
| economics | Wassily Leontief | U.S. | input-output analysis | |
| literature | Patrick White | Australia | ||
| peace | Henry A. Kissinger | U.S. | ||
| Le Duc Tho (declined) | North Vietnam | |||
| physics | Leo Esaki | Japan | tunneling in semiconductors and superconductors | |
| Ivar Giaever | U.S. | tunneling in semiconductors and superconductors | ||
| Brian D. Josephson | U.K. | tunneling in semiconductors and superconductors | ||
| physiology/medicine | Karl von Frisch | Austria | discoveries in animal behaviour patterns | |
| Konrad Lorenz | Austria | discoveries in animal behaviour patterns | ||
| Nikolaas Tinbergen | U.K. | discoveries in animal behaviour patterns | ||
| 1974 | chemistry | Paul J. Flory | U.S. | studies of long-chain molecules |
| economics | Friedrich von Hayek | U.K. | pioneering analysis of the interdependence of economic, social, and institutional phenomena | |
| Gunnar Myrdal | Sweden | pioneering analysis of the interdependence of economic, social, and institutional phenomena | ||
| literature | Eyvind Johnson | Sweden | ||
| Harry Martinson | Sweden | |||
| peace | Seán MacBride | Ireland | ||
| Sato Eisaku | Japan | |||
| physics | Antony Hewish | U.K. | work in radio astronomy | |
| Sir Martin Ryle | U.K. | work in radio astronomy | ||
| physiology/medicine | Albert Claude | U.S. | research on structural and functional organization of cells | |
| Christian René de Duve | Belgium | research on structural and functional organization of cells | ||
| George E. Palade | U.S. | research on structural and functional organization of cells | ||
| 1975 | chemistry | Sir John Warcup Cornforth | U.K. | work in stereochemistry |
| Vladimir Prelog | Switzerland | work in stereochemistry | ||
| economics | Leonid Vitalyevich Kantorovich | U.S.S.R. | contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources | |
| Tjalling C. Koopmans | U.S. | contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources | ||
| literature | Eugenio Montale | Italy | ||
| peace | Andrey Dmitriyevich Sakharov | U.S.S.R. | ||
| physics | Aage N. Bohr | Denmark | work on the atomic nucleus that paved the way for nuclear fusion | |
| Ben R. Mottelson | Denmark | work on the atomic nucleus that paved the way for nuclear fusion | ||
| James Rainwater | U.S. | work on the atomic nucleus that paved the way for nuclear fusion | ||
| physiology/medicine | David Baltimore | U.S. | interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell | |
| Renato Dulbecco | U.S. | interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell | ||
| Howard Martin Temin | U.S. | interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell | ||
| 1976 | chemistry | William Nunn Lipscomb, Jr. | U.S. | structure of boranes |
| economics | Milton Friedman | U.S. | consumption analysis, monetary theory, and economic stabilization | |
| literature | Saul Bellow | U.S. | ||
| peace | Mairéad Corrigan | Northern Ireland | ||
| Betty Williams | Northern Ireland | |||
| physics | Burton Richter | U.S. | discovery of new class of elementary particles (psi, or J) | |
| Samuel C.C. Ting | U.S. | discovery of new class of elementary particles (psi, or J) | ||
| physiology/medicine | Baruch S. Blumberg | U.S. | studies of origin and spread of infectious diseases | |
| D. Carleton Gajdusek | U.S. | studies of origin and spread of infectious diseases | ||
| 1977 | chemistry | Ilya Prigogine | Belgium | widening the scope of thermodynamics |
| economics | James Edward Meade | U.K. | contributions to theory of international trade | |
| Bertil Ohlin | Sweden | contributions to theory of international trade | ||
| literature | Vicente Aleixandre | Spain | ||
| peace | Amnesty International | (founded 1961) | ||
| physics | Philip W. Anderson | U.S. | contributions to understanding the behaviour of electrons in magnetic, noncrystalline solids | |
| Sir Nevill F. Mott | U.K. | contributions to understanding the behaviour of electrons in magnetic, noncrystalline solids | ||
| John H. Van Vleck | U.S. | contributions to understanding the behaviour of electrons in magnetic, noncrystalline solids | ||
| physiology/medicine | Roger Charles Louis Guillemin | U.S. | research on pituitary hormones | |
| Andrew Victor Schally | U.S. | research on pituitary hormones | ||
| Rosalyn S. Yalow | U.S. | development of radioimmunoassay | ||
| 1978 | chemistry | Peter Dennis Mitchell | U.K. | formulation of a theory of energy transfer processes in biological systems |
| economics | Herbert Alexander Simon | U.S. | decision-making processes in economic organizations | |
| literature | Isaac Bashevis Singer | U.S. | ||
| peace | Menachem Begin | Israel | ||
| Anwar el-Sadat | Egypt | |||
| physics | Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa | U.S.S.R. | invention and application of helium liquefier | |
| Arno Penzias | U.S. | discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation, providing support for the big-bang theory | ||
| Robert Woodrow Wilson | U.S. | discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation, providing support for the big-bang theory | ||
| physiology/medicine | Werner Arber | Switzerland | discovery and application of enzymes that fragment DNA | |
| Daniel Nathans | U.S. | discovery and application of enzymes that fragment DNA | ||
| Hamilton Othanel Smith | U.S. | discovery and application of enzymes that fragment DNA | ||
| 1979 | chemistry | Herbert Charles Brown | U.S. | introduction of compounds of boron and phosphorus in the synthesis of organic substances |
| Georg Wittig | West Germany | introduction of compounds of boron and phosphorus in the synthesis of organic substances | ||
| economics | Sir Arthur Lewis | U.K. | analyses of economic processes in developing nations | |
| Theodore William Schultz | U.S. | analyses of economic processes in developing nations | ||
| literature | Odysseus Elytis | Greece | ||
| peace | Mother Teresa | India | ||
| physics | Sheldon Lee Glashow | U.S. | unification of electromagnetism and the weak interactions of subatomic particles | |
| Abdus Salam | Pakistan | unification of electromagnetism and the weak interactions of subatomic particles | ||
| Steven Weinberg | U.S. | unification of electromagnetism and the weak interactions of subatomic particles | ||
| physiology/medicine | Allan MacLeod Cormack | U.S. | development of the CAT scan | |
| Sir Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield | U.K. | development of the CAT scan | ||
| 1980 | chemistry | Paul Berg | U.S. | first preparation of a hybrid DNA |
| Walter Gilbert | U.S. | development of chemical and biological analyses of DNA structure | ||
| Frederick Sanger | U.K. | development of chemical and biological analyses of DNA structure | ||
| economics | Lawrence Robert Klein | U.S. | development and analysis of empirical models of business fluctuations | |
| literature | Czesław Miłosz | U.S. | ||
| peace | Adolfo Pérez Esquivel | Argentina | ||
| physics | James Watson Cronin | U.S. | demonstration of simultaneous violation of both charge-conjugation and parity-inversion symmetries | |
| Val Logsdon Fitch | U.S. | demonstration of simultaneous violation of both charge-conjugation and parity-inversion symmetries | ||
| physiology/medicine | Baruj Benacerraf | U.S. | investigations of genetic control of the response of the immune system to foreign substances | |
| Jean-Baptiste-Gabriel-Joachim Dausset | France | investigations of genetic control of the response of the immune system to foreign substances | ||
| George Davis Snell | U.S. | investigations of genetic control of the response of the immune system to foreign substances | ||
| 1981 | chemistry | Fukui Kenichi | Japan | orbital symmetry interpretation of chemical reactions |
| Roald Hoffmann | U.S. | orbital symmetry interpretation of chemical reactions | ||
| economics | James Tobin | U.S. | portfolio selection theory of investment | |
| literature | Elias Canetti | Bulgaria | ||
| peace | Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | (founded 1951) | ||
| physics | Nicolaas Bloembergen | U.S. | applications of lasers in spectroscopy | |
| Arthur Leonard Schawlow | U.S. | applications of lasers in spectroscopy | ||
| Kai Manne Börje Siegbahn | Sweden | electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis | ||
| physiology/medicine | David Hunter Hubel | U.S. | processing of visual information by the brain | |
| Roger Wolcott Sperry | U.S. | functions of the cerebral hemispheres | ||
| Torsten Nils Wiesel | Sweden | processing of visual information by the brain | ||
| 1982 | chemistry | Aaron Klug | U.K. | determination of structure of biological substances |
| economics | George J. Stigler | U.S. | economic effects of governmental regulation | |
| literature | Gabriel García Márquez | Colombia | ||
| peace | Alfonso García Robles | Mexico | ||
| Alva Myrdal | Sweden | |||
| physics | Kenneth Geddes Wilson | U.S. | analysis of continuous phase transitions | |
| physiology/medicine | Sune K. Bergström | Sweden | biochemistry and physiology of prostaglandins | |
| Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson | Sweden | biochemistry and physiology of prostaglandins | ||
| John Robert Vane | U.K. | biochemistry and physiology of prostaglandins | ||
| 1983 | chemistry | Henry Taube | U.S. | study of electron transfer reactions |
| economics | Gerard Debreu | U.S. | mathematical proof of supply and demand theory | |
| literature | Sir William Golding | U.K. | ||
| peace | Lech Wałęsa | Poland | ||
| physics | Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar | U.S. | contributions to understanding the evolution and devolution of stars | |
| William A. Fowler | U.S. | contributions to understanding the evolution and devolution of stars | ||
| physiology/medicine | Barbara McClintock | U.S. | discovery of mobile plant genes that affect heredity | |
| 1984 | chemistry | Bruce Merrifield | U.S. | development of a method of polypeptide synthesis |
| economics | Sir Richard Stone | U.K. | development of national income accounting system | |
| literature | Jaroslav Seifert | Czechoslovakia | ||
| peace | Desmond Tutu | South Africa | ||
| physics | Simon van der Meer | Netherlands | discovery of subatomic particles W and Z, which supports the electroweak theory | |
| Carlo Rubbia | Italy | discovery of subatomic particles W and Z, which supports the electroweak theory | ||
| physiology/medicine | Niels K. Jerne | U.K.-Denmark | theory and development of a technique for producing monoclonal antibodies | |
| Georges J.F. Köhler | West Germany | theory and development of a technique for producing monoclonal antibodies | ||
| César Milstein | Argentina | theory and development of a technique for producing monoclonal antibodies | ||
| 1985 | chemistry | Herbert A. Hauptman | U.S. | development of a way to map the chemical structures of small molecules |
| Jerome Karle | U.S. | development of a way to map the chemical structures of small molecules | ||
| economics | Franco Modigliani | U.S. | analyses of household savings and financial markets | |
| literature | Claude Simon | France | ||
| peace | International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War | (founded 1980) | ||
| physics | Klaus von Klitzing | West Germany | discovery of the quantized Hall effect, permitting exact measurements of electrical resistance | |
| physiology/medicine | Michael S. Brown | U.S. | discovery of cell receptors relating to cholesterol metabolism | |
| Joseph L. Goldstein | U.S. | discovery of cell receptors relating to cholesterol metabolism | ||
| 1986 | chemistry | Dudley R. Herschbach | U.S. | development of methods for analyzing basic chemical reactions |
| Yuan T. Lee | U.S. | development of methods for analyzing basic chemical reactions | ||
| John C. Polanyi | Canada | development of methods for analyzing basic chemical reactions | ||
| economics | James M. Buchanan | U.S. | public-choice theory bridging economics and political science | |
| literature | Wole Soyinka | Nigeria | ||
| peace | Elie Wiesel | U.S. | ||
| physics | Gerd Binnig | West Germany | development of special electron microscopes | |
| Heinrich Rohrer | Switzerland | development of special electron microscopes | ||
| Ernst Ruska | West Germany | development of special electron microscopes | ||
| physiology/medicine | Stanley Cohen | U.S. | discovery of chemical agents that help regulate the growth of cells | |
| Rita Levi-Montalcini | Italy | discovery of chemical agents that help regulate the growth of cells | ||
| 1987 | chemistry | Donald J. Cram | U.S. | development of molecules that can link with other molecules |
| Jean-Marie Lehn | France | development of molecules that can link with other molecules | ||
| Charles J. Pedersen | U.S. | development of molecules that can link with other molecules | ||
| economics | Robert Merton Solow | U.S. | contributions to the theory of economic growth | |
| literature | Joseph Brodsky | U.S. | ||
| peace | Oscar Arias Sánchez | Costa Rica | ||
| physics | J. Georg Bednorz | West Germany | discovery of new superconducting materials | |
| Karl Alex Müller | Switzerland | discovery of new superconducting materials | ||
| physiology/medicine | Tonegawa Susumu | Japan | study of genetic aspects of antibodies | |
| 1988 | chemistry | Johann Deisenhofer | West Germany | discovery of structure of proteins needed in photosynthesis |
| Robert Huber | West Germany | discovery of structure of proteins needed in photosynthesis | ||
| Hartmut Michel | West Germany | discovery of structure of proteins needed in photosynthesis | ||
| economics | Maurice Allais | France | contributions to the theory of markets and efficient use of resources | |
| literature | Naguib Mahfouz | Egypt | ||
| peace | United Nations Peacekeeping Forces | |||
| physics | Leon Max Lederman | U.S. | research in subatomic particles | |
| Melvin Schwartz | U.S. | research in subatomic particles | ||
| Jack Steinberger | U.S. | research in subatomic particles | ||
| physiology/medicine | Sir James Black | U.K. | development of new classes of drugs for combating disease | |
| Gertrude Belle Elion | U.S. | development of new classes of drugs for combating disease | ||
| George Herbert Hitchings | U.S. | development of new classes of drugs for combating disease | ||
| 1989 | chemistry | Sidney Altman | U.S. | discovery of certain basic properties of RNA |
| Thomas Robert Cech | U.S. | discovery of certain basic properties of RNA | ||
| economics | Trygve Haavelmo | Norway | development of statistical techniques for economic forecasting | |
| literature | Camilo José Cela | Spain | ||
| peace | Dalai Lama | Tibet | ||
| physics | Hans Georg Dehmelt | U.S. | development of methods to isolate atoms and subatomic particles for study | |
| Wolfgang Paul | West Germany | development of methods to isolate atoms and subatomic particles for study | ||
| Norman Foster Ramsey | U.S. | development of the atomic clock | ||
| physiology/medicine | J. Michael Bishop | U.S. | study of cancer-causing genes called oncogenes | |
| Harold Varmus | U.S. | study of cancer-causing genes called oncogenes | ||
| 1990 | chemistry | Elias James Corey | U.S. | development of retrosynthetic analysis for synthesis of complex molecules |
| economics | Harry M. Markowitz | U.S. | study of financial markets and investment decision-making | |
| Merton H. Miller | U.S. | study of financial markets and investment decision-making | ||
| William F. Sharpe | U.S. | study of financial markets and investment decision-making | ||
| literature | Octavio Paz | Mexico | ||
| peace | Mikhail Gorbachev | U.S.S.R. | ||
| physics | Jerome Isaac Friedman | U.S. | discovery of atomic quarks | |
| Henry Way Kendall | U.S. | discovery of atomic quarks | ||
| Richard E. Taylor | Canada | discovery of atomic quarks | ||
| physiology/medicine | Joseph E. Murray | U.S. | development of kidney and bone-marrow transplants | |
| E. Donnall Thomas | U.S. | development of kidney and bone-marrow transplants | ||
| 1991 | chemistry | Richard R. Ernst | Switzerland | improvements in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy |
| economics | Ronald Coase | U.S. | application of economic principles to the study of law | |
| literature | Nadine Gordimer | South Africa | ||
| peace | Aung San Suu Kyi | Myanmar | ||
| physics | Pierre-Gilles de Gennes | France | discovery of general rules for behaviour of molecules | |
| physiology/medicine | Erwin Neher | Germany | discovery of how cells communicate, as related to diseases | |
| Bert Sakmann | Germany | discovery of how cells communicate, as related to diseases | ||
| 1992 | chemistry | Rudolph A. Marcus | U.S. | explanation of how electrons transfer between molecules |
| economics | Gary S. Becker | U.S. | application of economic theory to social sciences | |
| literature | Derek Walcott | St. Lucia | ||
| peace | Rigoberta Menchú | Guatemala | ||
| physics | Georges Charpak | France | inventor of detector that traces subatomic particles | |
| physiology/medicine | Edmond H. Fischer | U.S. | discovery of class of enzymes called protein kinases | |
| Edwin Gerhard Krebs | U.S. | discovery of class of enzymes called protein kinases | ||
| 1993 | chemistry | Kary B. Mullis | U.S. | inventors of techniques for gene study and manipulation |
| Michael Smith | Canada | inventors of techniques for gene study and manipulation | ||
| economics | Robert William Fogel | U.S. | contributions to economic history | |
| Douglass C. North | U.S. | contributions to economic history | ||
| literature | Toni Morrison | U.S. | ||
| peace | F.W. de Klerk | South Africa | ||
| Nelson Mandela | South Africa | |||
| physics | Russell Alan Hulse | U.S. | identifying binary pulsars | |
| Joseph H. Taylor, Jr. | U.S. | identifying binary pulsars | ||
| physiology/medicine | Richard J. Roberts | U.K. | discovery of "split," or interrupted, genetic structure | |
| Phillip A. Sharp | U.S. | discovery of "split," or interrupted, genetic structure | ||
| 1994 | chemistry | George A. Olah | U.S. | development of techniques to study hydrocarbon molecules |
| economics | John C. Harsanyi | U.S. | development of game theory | |
| John F. Nash | U.S. | development of game theory | ||
| Reinhard Selten | Germany | development of game theory | ||
| literature | Oe Kenzaburo | Japan | ||
| peace | Yasser Arafat | Palestinian | ||
| Shimon Peres | Israel | |||
| Yitzhak Rabin | Israel | |||
| physics | Bertram N. Brockhouse | Canada | development of neutron-scattering techniques | |
| Clifford G. Shull | U.S. | development of neutron-scattering techniques | ||
| physiology/medicine | Alfred G. Gilman | U.S. | discovery of cell signalers called G-proteins | |
| Martin Rodbell | U.S. | discovery of cell signalers called G-proteins | ||
| 1995 | chemistry | Paul Crutzen | Netherlands | explanation of processes that deplete Earth's ozone layer |
| Mario Molina | U.S. | explanation of processes that deplete Earth's ozone layer | ||
| F. Sherwood Rowland | U.S. | explanation of processes that deplete Earth's ozone layer | ||
| economics | Robert E. Lucas, Jr. | U.S. | incorporation of rational expectations in macroeconomic theory | |
| literature | Seamus Heaney | Ireland | ||
| peace | Pugwash Conferences | (founded 1957) | ||
| Joseph Rotblat | U.K. | |||
| physics | Martin Lewis Perl | U.S. | discovery of tau subatomic particle | |
| Frederick Reines | U.S. | discovery of neutrino subatomic particle | ||
| physiology/medicine | Edward B. Lewis | U.S. | identification of genes that control the body's early structural development | |
| Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard | Germany | identification of genes that control the body's early structural development | ||
| Eric F. Wieschaus | U.S. | identification of genes that control the body's early structural development | ||
| 1996 | chemistry | Robert F. Curl, Jr. | U.S. | discovery of new carbon compounds called fullerenes |
| Sir Harold W. Kroto | U.K. | discovery of new carbon compounds called fullerenes | ||
| Richard E. Smalley | U.S. | discovery of new carbon compounds called fullerenes | ||
| economics | James A. Mirrlees | U.K. | contributions to theory of incentives under conditions of asymmetric information | |
| William Vickrey | U.S. | contributions to theory of incentives under conditions of asymmetric information | ||
| literature | Wisława Szymborska | Poland | ||
| peace | Carlos Felipe Ximenes Belo | Timorese | ||
| José Ramos-Horta | Timorese | |||
| physics | David M. Lee | U.S. | discovery of superfluidity in isotope helium-3 | |
| Douglas D. Osheroff | U.S. | discovery of superfluidity in isotope helium-3 | ||
| Robert C. Richardson | U.S. | discovery of superfluidity in isotope helium-3 | ||
| physiology/medicine | Peter C. Doherty | Australia | discovery of how the immune system recognizes virus-infected cells | |
| Rolf M. Zinkernagel | Switzerland | discovery of how the immune system recognizes virus-infected cells | ||
| 1997 | chemistry | Paul D. Boyer | U.S. | explanation of the enzymatic conversion of adenosine triphosphate |
| Jens C. Skou | Denmark | discovery of sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase | ||
| John E. Walker | U.K. | explanation of the enzymatic conversion of adenosine triphosphate | ||
| economics | Robert C. Merton | U.S. | methods for determining the value of stock options and other derivatives | |
| Myron S. Scholes | U.S. | methods for determining the value of stock options and other derivatives | ||
| literature | Dario Fo | Italy | ||
| peace | International Campaign to Ban Landmines | (founded 1992) | ||
| Jody Williams | U.S. | |||
| physics | Steven Chu | U.S. | process of trapping atoms with laser cooling | |
| Claude Cohen-Tannoudji | France | process of trapping atoms with laser cooling | ||
| William D. Phillips | U.S. | process of trapping atoms with laser cooling | ||
| physiology/medicine | Stanley B. Prusiner | U.S. | discovery of the prion, a type of disease-causing protein | |
| 1998 | chemistry | Walter Kohn | U.S. | development of the density-functional theory |
| John A. Pople | U.K. | development of computational methods in quantum chemistry | ||
| economics | Amartya Sen | India | contribution to welfare economics | |
| literature | José Saramago | Portugal | ||
| peace | John Hume | Northern Ireland | ||
| David Trimble | Northern Ireland | |||
| physics | Robert B. Laughlin | U.S. | discovery of fractional quantum Hall effect | |
| Horst L. Störmer | U.S. | discovery of fractional quantum Hall effect | ||
| Daniel C. Tsui | U.S. | discovery of fractional quantum Hall effect | ||
| physiology/medicine | Robert F. Furchgott | U.S. | discovery that nitric oxide (NO) acts as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system | |
| Louis J. Ignarro | U.S. | discovery that nitric oxide (NO) acts as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system | ||
| Ferid Murad | U.S. | discovery that nitric oxide (NO) acts as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system | ||
| 1999 | chemistry | Ahmed H. Zewail | Egypt/U.S. | study of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy |
| economics | Robert A. Mundell | Canada | analysis of optimum currency areas and of policy under different exchange rate regimes | |
| literature | Günter Grass | Germany | ||
| peace | Doctors Without Borders | (founded 1971) | ||
| physics | Gerardus 't Hooft | Netherlands | study of quantum structure of electroweak interactions | |
| Martinus J.G. Veltman | Netherlands | study of quantum structure of electroweak interactions | ||
| physiology/medicine | Günter Blobel | U.S. | discovery that proteins have signals governing cellular organization | |
| 2000 | chemistry | Alan J. Heeger | U.S. | discovery of plastics that conduct electricity |
| Alan G. MacDiarmid | U.S. | discovery of plastics that conduct electricity | ||
| Shirakawa Hideki | Japan | discovery of plastics that conduct electricity | ||
| economics | James J. Heckman | U.S. | development of methods of statistical analysis of individual and household behaviour | |
| Daniel L. McFadden | U.S. | development of methods of statistical analysis of individual and household behaviour | ||
| literature | Gao Xingjian | France | ||
| peace | Kim Dae-Jung | South Korea | ||
| physics | Zhores I. Alferov | Russia | development of fast semiconductors for use in microelectronics | |
| Jack S. Kilby | U.S. | development of the integrated circuit (microchip) | ||
| Herbert Kroemer | Germany | development of fast semiconductors for use in microelectronics | ||
| physiology/medicine | Arvid Carlsson | Sweden | discovery of how signals are transmitted between nerve cells in the brain | |
| Paul Greengard | U.S. | discovery of how signals are transmitted between nerve cells in the brain | ||
| Eric R. Kandel | U.S. | discovery of how signals are transmitted between nerve cells in the brain | ||
| 2001 | chemistry | William S. Knowles | U.S. | work on chirally catalyzed hydrogenation reactions |
| Noyori Ryoji | Japan | work on chirally catalyzed hydrogenation reactions | ||
| K. Barry Sharpless | U.S. | work on chirally catalyzed oxidation reactions | ||
| economics | George A. Akerlof | U.S. | analysis of markets with asymmetric information | |
| A. Michael Spence | U.S. | analysis of markets with asymmetric information | ||
| Joseph E. Stiglitz | U.S. | analysis of markets with asymmetric information | ||
| literature | Sir V.S. Naipaul | Trinidad | ||
| peace | United Nations | (founded 1945) | ||
| Kofi Annan | Ghana | |||
| physics | Eric A. Cornell | U.S. | achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms; early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates | |
| Wolfgang Ketterle | Germany | achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms; early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates | ||
| Carl E. Wieman | U.S. | achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms; early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates | ||
| physiology/medicine | Leland H. Hartwell | U.S. | discovery of key regulators of the cell cycle | |
| R. Timothy Hunt | U.K. | discovery of key regulators of the cell cycle | ||
| Sir Paul M. Nurse | U.K. | discovery of key regulators of the cell cycle | ||
| 2002 | chemistry | John B. Fenn | U.S. | development of techniques to identify and analyze proteins and other large molecules |
| Tanaka Koichi | Japan | development of techniques to identify and analyze proteins and other large molecules | ||
| Kurt Wüthrich | Switzerland | development of techniques to identify and analyze proteins and other large molecules | ||
| economics | Daniel Kahneman | U.S./Israel | integration of psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty | |
| Vernon L. Smith | U.S. | establishment of laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis | ||
| literature | Imre Kertész | Hungary | ||
| peace | Jimmy Carter | U.S. | ||
| physics | Raymond Davis, Jr. | U.S. | detection of neutrinos | |
| Riccardo Giacconi | U.S. | seminal discoveries of cosmic sources of X-rays | ||
| Koshiba Masatoshi | Japan | detection of neutrinos | ||
| physiology/medicine | Sydney Brenner | U.K. | discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death (apoptosis) | |
| H. Robert Horvitz | U.S. | discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death (apoptosis) | ||
| John E. Sulston | U.K. | discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death (apoptosis) | ||
| 2003 | chemistry | Peter Agre | U.S. | discoveries regarding water channels and ion channels in cells |
| Roderick MacKinnon | U.S. | discoveries regarding water channels and ion channels in cells | ||
| economics | Robert F. Engle | U.S. | development of techniques for the analysis of time series data | |
| Clive W.J. Granger | U.K. | development of techniques for the analysis of time series data | ||
| literature | J.M. Coetzee | South Africa | ||
| peace | Shirin Ebadi | Iran | ||
| physics | Alexei A. Abrikosov | U.S. | discoveries regarding superconductivity and superfluidity at very low temperatures | |
| Vitaly L. Ginzburg | Russia | discoveries regarding superconductivity and superfluidity at very low temperatures | ||
| Anthony J. Leggett | U.S. | discoveries regarding superconductivity and superfluidity at very low temperatures | ||
| physiology/medicine | Paul Lauterbur | U.S. | development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | |
| Sir Peter Mansfield | U.K. | development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | ||
| 2004 | chemistry | Aaron Ciechanover | Israel | discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation |
| Avram Hershko | Israel | discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation | ||
| Irwin Rose | U.S. | discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation | ||
| economics | Finn E. Kydland | Norway | contributions to dynamic macroeconomics | |
| Edward C. Prescott | U.S. | contributions to dynamic macroeconomics | ||
| literature | Elfriede Jelinek | Austria | ||
| peace | Wangari Maathi | Kenya | ||
| physics | David J. Gross | U.S. | discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction | |
| H. David Politzer | U.S. | discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction | ||
| Frank Wilczek | U.S. | discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction | ||
| physiology/medicine | Richard Axel | U.S. | discovery of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system | |
| Linda B. Buck | U.S. | discovery of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system | ||
| 2005 | chemistry | Yves Chauvin | France | development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis |
| Robert H. Grubbs | U.S. | development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis | ||
| Richard R. Schrock | U.S. | development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis | ||
| economics | Robert J. Aumann | Israel | contributions to game-theory analysis | |
| Thomas C. Schelling | U.S. | contributions to game-theory analysis | ||
| literature | Harold Pinter | U.K. | ||
| peace | Mohamed ElBaradei | Egypt | ||
| International Atomic Energy Agency | (founded 1957) | |||
| physics | Roy J. Glauber | U.S. | contributions to the field of optics | |
| John L. Hall | U.S. | contributions to the development of laser spectroscopy | ||
| Theodor W. Hänsch | Germany | contributions to the development of laser spectroscopy | ||
| physiology/medicine | Barry J. Marshall | Australia | discovery of bacteria's role in peptic ulcer disease | |
| J. Robin Warren | Australia | discovery of bacteria's role in peptic ulcer disease | ||
| 2006 | chemistry | Roger D. Kornberg | U.S. | work on the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription |
| economics | Edmund S. Phelps | U.S. | analysis of intertemporal trade-offs in macroeconomic policy | |
| literature | Orhan Pamuk | Turkey | ||
| peace | Grameen Bank | (founded 1976) | ||
| Muhammad Yunus | Bangladesh | |||
| physics | John C. Mather | U.S. | discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation | |
| George F. Smoot | U.S. | discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation | ||
| physiology/medicine | Andrew Z. Fire | U.S. | discovery of RNA interference—gene silencing by double-stranded RNA | |
| Craig C. Mello | U.S. | discovery of RNA interference—gene silencing by double-stranded RNA | ||
| 2007 | chemistry | Gerhard Ertl | Germany | studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces |
| economics | Leonid Hurwicz | U.S. | work that laid the foundations of mechanism design theory | |
| Eric S. Maskin | U.S. | work that laid the foundations of mechanism design theory | ||
| Roger B. Myerson | U.S. | work that laid the foundations of mechanism design theory | ||
| literature | Doris Lessing | U.S. | ||
| peace | Al Gore | U.S. | ||
| Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | (founded 1988) | |||
| physics | Albert Fert | France | discovery of giant magnetoresistance | |
| Peter Grünberg | Germany | discovery of giant magnetoresistance | ||
| physiology/medicine | Mario R. Capecchi | U.S. | discovery of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells | |
| Sir Martin J. Evans | U.K. | discovery of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells | ||
| Oliver Smithies | U.S. | discovery of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells | ||
| 2008 | chemistry | Martin Chalfie | U.S. | discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP |
| Osamu Shimomura | U.S. | discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP | ||
| Roger Y. Tsien | U.S. | discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP | ||
| economics | Paul Krugman | U.S. | analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity | |
| literature | Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio | France | ||
| peace | Martti Ahtisaari | Finland | ||
| physics | Kobayashi Makoto | Japan | discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature | |
| Maskawa Toshihide | Japan | discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature | ||
| Yoichiro Nambu | U.S. | discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics | ||
| physiology/medicine | Françoise Barré-Sinoussi | France | discovery of human immunodeficiency virus | |
| Luc Montagnier | France | discovery of human immunodeficiency virus | ||
| Harald zur Hausen | Germany | discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer | ||
| 2009 | chemistry | Venkatraman Ramakrishnan | U.S. | studies of the structure and function of the ribosome |
| Thomas Steitz | U.S. | studies of the structure and function of the ribosome | ||
| Ada Yonath | Israel | studies of the structure and function of the ribosome | ||
| economics | Elinor Ostrom | U.S. | analysis of economic governance, especially the commons | |
| Oliver E. Williamson | U.S. | analysis of economic governance, especially the boundaries of the firm | ||
| literature | Herta Müller | Germany | ||
| peace | Barack Obama | U.S. | ||
| physics | Willard Boyle | Canada/U.S. | invention of the CCD sensor, an imaging semiconductor circuit | |
| Charles Kao | U.K./U.S. | achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibres for optical communication | ||
| George E. Smith | U.S. | invention of the CCD sensor, an imaging semiconductor circuit | ||
| physiology/medicine | Elizabeth H. Blackburn | U.S. | discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase | |
| Carol W. Greider | U.S. | discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase | ||
| Jack W. Szostak | U.S. | discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase | ||
| 2010 | chemistry | Richard F. Heck | U.S. | development of techniques to synthesize complex carbon molecules |
| Negishi Ei-ichi | Japan | development of techniques to synthesize complex carbon molecules | ||
| Suzmediuki Akira | Japan | development of techniques to synthesize complex carbon molecules | ||
| economics | Peter A. Diamond | U.S. | analysis of markets with search frictions | |
| Dale T. Mortensen | U.S. | analysis of markets with search frictions | ||
| Christopher A. Pissarides | Cyprus/U.K. | analysis of markets with search frictions | ||
| literature | Mario Vargas Llosa | Peru | ||
| peace | Liu Xiaobo | China | ||
| physics | Andre Geim | Netherlands | experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene | |
| Konstantin Novoselov | Russia/U.K. | experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene | ||
| physiology/medicine | Robert Edwards | U.K. | development of in vitro fertilization | |
| 2011 | chemistry | Daniel Shechtman | Israel | discovery of quasicrystals |
| economics | Thomas J. Sargent | U.S. | empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy | |
| Christopher A. Sims | U.S. | empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy | ||
| literature | Tomas Tranströmer | Sweden | ||
| peace | Leymah Gbowee | Liberia | ||
| Ellen Johnson Sirleaf | Liberia | |||
| Tawakkul Karmān | Yemen | |||
| physics | Saul Perlmutter | U.S. | discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe through observations of distant supernovae | |
| Adam G. Riess | U.S./Australia | discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe through observations of distant supernovae | ||
| Brian P. Schmidt | U.S. | discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe through observations of distant supernovae | ||
| physiology/medicine | Bruce A. Beutler | U.S. | discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity | |
| Jules A. Hoffman | Luxembourg/France | discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity | ||
| Ralph M. Steinman | Canada | discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity | ||
| 2012 | chemistry | Brian K. Kobilka | U.S. | studies of G-protein-coupled receptors |
| Robert J. Lefkowitz | U.S. | studies of G-protein-coupled receptors | ||
| economics | Alvin E. Roth | U.S. | work on market design and matching theory | |
| Lloyd S. Shapley | U.S. | work on market design and matching theory | ||
| literature | Mo Yan | China | ||
| peace | European Union | (founded 1993) | ||
| physics | Serge Haroche | France | development of methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems | |
| David J. Wineland | U.S. | development of methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems | ||
| physiology/medicine | Sir John Bertrand Gurdon | U.K. | discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent | |
| Shinya Yamanaka | Japan | discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent | ||
| 2013 | chemistry | Martin Karplus | Austria/U.S. | development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems |
| Michael Levitt | U.K./U.S./Israel | development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems | ||
| Arieh Warshel | Israel/U.S. | development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems | ||
| economics | Eugene F. Fama | U.S. | empirical analysis of asset prices | |
| Lars P. Hansen | U.S. | empirical analysis of asset prices | ||
| Robert J. Shiller | U.S. | empirical analysis of asset prices | ||
| literature | Alice Munro | Canada | ||
| peace | Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons | (founded 1997) | ||
| physics | François Englert | Belgium | theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to the understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles | |
| Peter Higgs | U.K. | theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to the understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles | ||
| physiology/medicine | James E. Rothman | U.S. | discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in cells | |
| Randy W. Schekman | U.S. | discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in cells | ||
| Thomas C. Südhof | Germany/U.S. | discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in cells | ||
| 2014 | chemistry | Eric Betzig | U.S. | development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy |
| Stefan W. Hell | Germany | development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy | ||
| William E. Moerner | U.S. | development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy | ||
| economics | Jean Tirole | France | analysis of market power and regulation | |
| literature | Patrick Modiano | France | ||
| peace | Kailash Satyarthi | India | ||
| Malala Yousafzai | Pakistan | |||
| physics | Akasaki Isamu | Japan | invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes, which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources | |
| Amano Hiroshi | Japan | invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes, which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources | ||
| Shuji Nakamura | U.S. | invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes, which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources | ||
| physiology/medicine | Edvard I. Moser | Norway | discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain | |
| May-Britt Moser | Norway | discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain | ||
| John O'Keefe | U.S./U.K. | discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain | ||
| 2015 | chemistry | Tomas Lindahl | Sweden | mechanistic studies of DNA repair |
| Paul Modrich | U.S. | mechanistic studies of DNA repair | ||
| Aziz Sancar | Turkey/U.S. | mechanistic studies of DNA repair | ||
| economics | Angus S. Deaton | U.K. | analysis of consumption, poverty, and welfare | |
| literature | Svetlana Alexievich | Belarus | ||
| peace | National Dialogue Quartet | (founded 2013) | ||
| physics | Kajita Takaaki | Japan | discovery of neutrino oscillations, which show that neutrinos have mass | |
| Arthur B. McDonald | Canada | discovery of neutrino oscillations, which show that neutrinos have mass | ||
| physiology/medicine | William C. Campbell | Ireland | discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites | |
| Ōmura Satoshi | Japan | discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites | ||
| Tu Youyou | China | discoveries concerning a novel therapy against malaria | ||
| 2016 | chemistry | Jean-Pierre Sauvage | France | design and synthesis of molecular machines |
| J. Fraser Stoddart | U.K. | design and synthesis of molecular machines | ||
| Bernard Feringa | Netherlands | design and synthesis of molecular machines | ||
| economics | Oliver Hart | U.K. | contributions to contract theory | |
| Bengt Holmström | Finland | contributions to contract theory | ||
| literature | Bob Dylan | U.S. | ||
| peace | Juan Manuel Santos | Colombia | ||
| physics | David Thouless | U.K. | theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter | |
| Duncan Haldane | U.K. | theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter | ||
| Michael Kosterlitz | U.K. | theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter | ||
| physiology/medicine | Yoshinori Ohsumi | Japan | discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy | |
| 2017 | chemistry | Jacques Dubochet | Switzerland | development of cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution |
| Joachim Frank | Germany/U.S. | development of cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution | ||
| Richard Henderson | U.K. | development of cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution | ||
| economics | Richard H. Thaler | U.S. | contributions to behavioral economics | |
| literature | Kazuo Ishiguro | U.K. | ||
| peace | International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons | (founded 2007) | ||
| physics | Barry C. Barish | U.S. | decisive contributions to the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory detector and the observation of gravitational waves | |
| Kip S. Thorne | U.S. | decisive contributions to the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory detector and the observation of gravitational waves | ||
| Rainer Weiss | U.S. | decisive contributions to the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory detector and the observation of gravitational waves | ||
| physiology/medicine | Jeffrey C. Hall | U.S. | discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm | |
| Michael Rosbash | U.S. | discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm | ||
| Michael W. Young | U.S. | discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm | ||
| 2018 | chemistry | Frances Arnold | U.S. | first directed evolution of enzymes |
| George P. Smith | U.S. | development of phage display, a method in which a bacteriophage can be used to evolve new proteins | ||
| Gregory P. Winter | U.K. | work using the phage display method for the directed evolution of antibodies | ||
| economics | William Nordhaus | U.S. | integration of climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis | |
| Paul Romer | U.S. | integration of technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis | ||
| literature** | Olga Tokarczuk | Poland | ||
| peace | Denis Mukwege | Democratic Republic of the Congo | ||
| Nadia Murad | Iraq | |||
| physics | Arthur Ashkin | U.S. | invention of optical tweezers and their application to biological systems | |
| Gérard Mourou | France | invention of a method of generating high-intensity ultrashort optical pulses | ||
| Donna Strickland | Canada | invention of a method of generating high-intensity ultrashort optical pulses | ||
| physiology/medicine | James P. Allison | U.S. | discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation | |
| Tasuku Honjo | Japan | discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation | ||
| 2019 | chemistry | John B. Goodenough | U.S. | development of lithium-ion batteries |
| M. Stanley Whittingham | U.K./U.S. | development of lithium-ion batteries | ||
| Yoshino Akira | Japan | development of lithium-ion batteries | ||
| economics | Abhijit Banerjee | U.S. | experimental approach to alleviating global poverty | |
| Esther Duflo | French/U.S. | experimental approach to alleviating global poverty | ||
| Michael Kremer | U.S. | experimental approach to alleviating global poverty | ||
| literature | Peter Handke | Austria | ||
| peace | Abiy Ahmed | Ethiopia | ||
| physics | James Peebles | Canada/U.S. | theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology | |
| Michel Mayor | Switzerland | discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star | ||
| Didier Queloz | Switzerland | discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star | ||
| physiology/medicine | William G. Kaelin, Jr. | U.S. | discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability | |
| Peter J. Ratcliffe | U.K. | discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability | ||
| Gregg L. Semenza | U.S. | discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability | ||
| 2020 | chemistry | Emmanuelle Charpentier | France | development of a method for genome editing |
| Jennifer Doudna | U.S. | development of a method for genome editing | ||
| economics | Paul R. Milgrom | U.S. | improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats | |
| Robert B. Wilson | U.S. | improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats | ||
| literature | Louise Glück | U.S. | ||
| peace | World Food Programme | (founded 1961) | ||
| physics | Reinhard Genzel | Germany | discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of the Milky Way Galaxy | |
| Andrea Ghez | U.S. | discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of the Milky Way Galaxy | ||
| Roger Penrose | U.K. | discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity | ||
| physiology/medicine | Harvey J. Alter | U.S. | discovery of hepatitis C virus | |
| Michael Houghton | U.K. | discovery of hepatitis C virus | ||
| Charles M. Rice | U.S. | discovery of hepatitis C virus | ||
| 2021 | chemistry | Benjamin List | Germany | development of asymmetric organocatalysis |
| David W.C. MacMillan | U.K./U.S. | development of asymmetric organocatalysis | ||
| economics | Joshua Angrist | Israel/U.S. | methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships | |
| David Card | Canada/U.S. | empirical contributions to labour economics | ||
| Guido W. Imbens | Neth./U.S. | methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships | ||
| literature | Abdulrazak Gurnah | Tanz. | ||
| peace | Dmitry Muratov | Russia | ||
| Maria Ressa | Phil./U.S. | |||
| physics | Klaus Hasselmann | Germany | physical modelling of Earth's climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming | |
| Manabe Syukuro | Japan/U.S. | physical modelling of Earth's climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming | ||
| Giorgio Parisi | Italy | discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales | ||
| physiology/medicine | David Julius | U.S. | discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch | |
| Ardem Patapoutian | U.S. | discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch | ||
| 2022 | chemistry | Carolyn R. Bertozzi | U.S. | development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry |
| Morten P. Meldal | Neth. | development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry | ||
| K. Barry Sharpless | U.S. | development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry | ||
| economics | Ben Bernanke | U.S. | research on banks and financial crises | |
| Douglas Diamond | U.S. | research on banks and financial crises | ||
| Philip Dybvig | U.S. | research on banks and financial crises | ||
| literature | Annie Ernaux | France | ||
| peace | Ales Bialiatski | Belarus | ||
| Center for Civil Liberties | Ukraine | |||
| Memorial | Russia | |||
| physics | Alain Aspect | France | experiments with quantum entanglement that laid the foundation for a new era of quantum technology | |
| John F. Clauser | U.S. | experiments with quantum entanglement that laid the foundation for a new era of quantum technology | ||
| Anton Zeilinger | Austria | experiments with quantum entanglement that laid the foundation for a new era of quantum technology | ||
| physiology/medicine | Svante Pääbo | Sweden | discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution | |
| 2023 | chemistry | Moungi Bawendi | France/U.S. | discovery and synthesis of quantum dots |
| Louis Brus | U.S. | discovery and synthesis of quantum dots | ||
| Alexei Ekimov | Russia/U.S. | discovery and synthesis of quantum dots | ||
| economics | Claudia Goldin | U.S. | research on women’s labour market outcomes | |
| literature | Jon Fosse | U.S. | ||
| peace | Narges Mohammadi | Iran | ||
| physics | Pierre Agostini | France | development of experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter | |
| Ferenc Krausz | Hungary | development of experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter | ||
| Anne L’Huillier | France | development of experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter | ||
| physiology/medicine | Katalin Karikó | Hungary/U.S. | discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 | |
| Drew Weissman | U.S. | discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 | ||
| 2024 | chemistry | David Baker | U.S. | work concerning computational protein design |
| Demis Hassabis | U.K. | work involving protein structure prediction | ||
| John M. Jumper | U.S. | work involving protein structure prediction | ||
| literature | Han Kang | South Korea | ||
| peace | Nihon Hidankyo | Japan | ||
| physics | John Hopfield | U.S. | foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks | |
| Geoffrey Hinton | U.K./Canada | foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks | ||
| physiology/medicine | Victor Ambros | U.S. | discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation | |
| Gary Ruvkun | U.S. | discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation | ||