Flickr

Flickr, photo- and video-sharing website owned by SmugMug and headquartered in San Francisco. Ad-supported and free to the public, it allows users to upload photos or videos from their computers to share online either publicly or privately. In the early 2000s Flickr gained popularity for its many social-networking features, especially for giving users the ability to discuss photos online.

The service began as a peripheral feature in an online game that was being developed by the Canadian software company Ludicorp. In 2004 company founders (and spouses) Stewart Butterfield and Caterina Fake abandoned the game and debuted Flickr as an independent application. Its key early innovation was the use of “free tagging,” a feature that enabled users to associate self-created metadata tags—searchable keywords—with any photographs they viewed, thus creating a large network of associations and allowing users around the world to discover one another’s work. By developing an unregulated but expansive social network, Flickr spared itself the prohibitive cost of creating centrally based links and groupings.

In March 2005 Flickr was purchased by the Internet giant Yahoo! and relocated to California. Under the Yahoo! banner, Flickr became a well-recognized photo-sharing service, increasing its roster of registered users from 250,000 to more than 2,000,000 in less than a year. The site continued rolling out new features, including copyright management, an interactive map of photographed locations, and customizable print products. In June 2008 Butterfield and Fake left Yahoo!, but Flickr continued to expand. The following month Getty Images, one of the world’s largest photo agencies, announced a plan to begin inviting select Flickr members to participate in one of its commercial photo groups. Flickr was eventually supplanted as the dominant photo-sharing service by social media companies such as Facebook and Instagram, and it faced competition from other services that offered inexpensive online data storage, such as Dropbox and Google Photos. In 2017 the American telecommunications company Verizon acquired Yahoo! and reorganized it into a subsidiary, Oath. The next year, SmugMug acquired Flickr from Oath. While SmugMug initially planned to delete photos and videos belonging to free accounts with more than 1,000 items each, it changed course in 2022. The company announced that it would instead simply set limits on free accounts to 50 private photos or videos each while allowing an unrestricted number of public ones.