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Cygnus X-1
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Cygnus X-1

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Written by
John Donald Fernie
Professor Emeritus, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario. Author of Setting Sail for the Universe: Astronomers and their Discoveries.
John Donald Fernie
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Cygnus X-1, binary star system that is a strong source of X-rays and that provided the first major evidence for the existence of black holes.

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black holesHow to "see" invisible black holes.
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Cygnus X-1 is located about 7,000 light-years from Earth in the constellation Cygnus. The primary star, HDE 226868, is a hot supergiant revolving about an unseen companion with a period of 5.6 days. Analysis of the binary orbit led to the finding that the companion has a mass greater than seven solar masses. (The mass has been determined from subsequent observations to be nearly nine solar masses.) A star of that mass should have a detectable spectrum, but the companion does not; from this and other evidence astronomers have argued that it must be a black hole. The X-ray emission is understood as being due to matter torn from the primary star that is being heated as it is drawn to the black hole.

John Donald Fernie