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integrated circuit
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integrated circuit transistor
What is the ICL 2966 computer and how does it work?
logic circuit semiconductor bonds p-n junction forward-biased p-n junction depletion mode versus enhancement mode MOSFETs CMOS bipolar transistor
For Students
integrated circuit summary
Quizzes
Technician operates the system console on the new UNIVAC 1100/83 computer at the Fleet Analysis Center, Corona Annex, Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach, CA. June 1, 1981. Univac magnetic tape drivers or readers in background. Universal Automatic Computer
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Videos

What is the ICL 2966 computer and how does it work?
Learn about the ICL 2966, a mainframe computer utilizing integrated circuit technology,...
Video: © Open University (A Britannica Publishing Partner)

Images

integrated circuit
A typical integrated circuit, shown on a fingernail.
Charles Falco/Science Source
transistor
The first transistor, invented by American physicists John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain,...
© Windell Oskay, www.evilmadscientist.com (CC BY 2.0)
logic circuit
Different combinations of logic circuits.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
semiconductor bonds
Three bond pictures of a semiconductor.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
p-n junction
A barrier forms along the boundary between p-type and n-type semiconductors...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
forward-biased p-n junction
Adding a small primary voltage such that the electron source (negative terminal)...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
depletion mode versus enhancement mode MOSFETs
In depletion mode metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs),...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
CMOS
A complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) consists of a pair of semiconductors...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
bipolar transistor
This type of transistor is called bipolar because both electrons and “holes” are...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
crystal pulling using the Czochralski method
A schematic view of a modern apparatus for crystal pulling using the Czochralski...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
silicon wafer
Using a 0.13-micron process, Intel® can produce some 470 Pentium® 4 chips from each...
Copyright Intel Corporation
circuit board
Circuit board showing the microprocessor.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
making a microchip
The sequence of operations in making one type of integrated circuit, or microchip,...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
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