Ask the Chatbot Games & Quizzes History & Society Science & Tech Biographies Animals & Nature Geography & Travel Arts & Culture Money Videos
freeze-drying
Directory
References
Discover
Andrew Jackson delivering a speech while on his way to Washington, D.C., for his inauguration in 1829. From Harper's Weekly, 1881.
5 Remarkably Close U.S. Presidential Elections
Washington DC.,USA, April 26, 1989. Supporters for and against legal abortion face off during a protest outside the United States Supreme Court Building during Webster V Health Services
Pro and Con: Abortion
Jackson (Wyoming, United States). Jackson Lake (also called Jackson Hole), southern end of the Teton Range (the Grand Tetons), Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, USA
7 Wonders of America
Vincent Van Gogh, Self Portrait. Oil on canvas, 1887.
Rediscovered Artists: 6 Big Names That Time Almost Forgot
Statue of Nostradamus
Nostradamus and His Prophecies
United States electoral college map showing number of electoral votes by state.
How Does the Electoral College Work?
United States Electoral College votes by state
How Many Electoral College Votes Does Each U.S. State Have?

freeze-drying

industrial process
Also known as: freeze-dehydration, lyophilization

Learn about this topic in these articles:

Assorted References

  • technological innovations
    • International Space Station
      In history of technology: Food production

      …technological innovation such as accelerated freeze-drying and irradiation as methods of preservation, as well as the increasing mechanization of farming throughout the world. The widespread use of new pesticides and herbicides in some cases reached the point of abuse, causing worldwide concern. Despite such problems, farming was transformed in response…

      Read More
  • use of sublimation process
    • sublimation
      In sublimation

      Freeze-drying of food to preserve it involves sublimation of water from the food in a frozen state under high vacuum. See also vaporization; phase diagram.

      Read More

use in

    food preservation

    • In dehydration

      Freeze-drying benefits heat-sensitive products by dehydrating in the frozen state without intermediate thaw. Freeze-drying of meat yields a product of excellent stability, which on rehydration closely resembles fresh meat.

      Read More
    • autoxidation
      In food preservation: Dehydration

      A related technique, freeze-drying, employs high vacuum conditions, permitting establishment of specific temperature and pressure conditions. The raw food is frozen, and the low pressure conditions cause the ice in the food to sublimate directly into vapour (i.e., it does not transit through the liquid state). Adequate control…

      Read More
    • fish preservation
      • fish on a conveyor belt
        In fish processing: Drying

        …drying, vacuum drying, or vacuum freeze-drying. Each of these methods involves adding heat to aid in the removal of water from the fish product. During the initial stages of drying, known as the constant-rate period, water is evaporated from the surface of the product and the temperature of the product…

        Read More
    • fruit preservation
    • ice cream production
    • meat preservation
      • pork
        In meat

        …decay are refrigerating, freezing, curing, freeze-drying, and canning.

        Read More
    • vegetable preservation
      • vegetable
        In vegetable processing: Dehydration

        …drum drying, spray drying, and freeze-drying. Although freeze-drying produces a food of outstanding quality, the cost is high, and it has not been used widely in vegetable products.

        Read More
    • advanced ceramics
      • Steps in doctor blading, a tape-casting process employed in the production of ceramic films. Ceramic powder and solvent are mixed to form a slurry, which is treated with various additives and binders, homogenized, and then pumped directly to a tape-casting machine. There the slurry is continuously cast onto the surface of a moving carrier film. The edge of a smooth knife, generally called a doctor blade, spreads the slurry onto the carrier film at a specified thickness, thereby generating a flexible tape. Heat lamps gently evaporate the solvent, and the dry tape is peeled away from the carrier film and rolled onto a take-up reel for additional processing.
        In advanced ceramics: Coprecipitation and freeze-drying

        Often the salt compounds of two desired precursors can be dissolved in aqueous solutions and subsequently precipitated from solution by pH adjustment. This process is referred to as coprecipitation. With care, the resulting powders are intimate and reactive mixtures of the desired salts. In…

        Read More
    • Andean culture
      • distribution of aboriginal South American and circum-Caribbean cultural groups
        In Andean peoples: Economic systems

        …Andean peoples developed preserves of freeze-dried meat, fish, and mealy tubers (charki, chuñu) that kept indefinitely and weighed much less than the original food. The giant warehouses that lined the Inca highways could be filled with these preserves and used to feed the engineers planning cities and irrigation canals, the…

        Read More
    • protein study