Philip II summary

Written and fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Below is the article summary. For the full article, see Philip II.

Philip II, French Philippe known as Philip Augustus, (born Aug. 21, 1165, Paris—died July 14, 1223, Mantes), French king (1180–1223). Although crowned king in 1179, he did not become sole ruler until the death of his father, Louis VII, the following year. The first of the great Capetian kings, Philip gradually reconquered the French territories held by the kings of England. He joined with Richard I on the Third Crusade, but the two kings soon quarreled. Philip returned to France (1191) and attacked English possessions; imprisoned in Austria on his journey home, Richard was freed in 1194 and promptly went to war with the French. When Richard was killed (1199), his brother John signed a treaty with Philip (1200), but within two years France and England were again at war. Philip conquered Normandy (1204) and subdued Maine, Touraine, Anjou, and most of Poitou (1204–05). John later organized a coalition against France, but he was defeated by Philip at the Battle of Bouvines (1214). Philip also expanded his territory into Flanders and Languedoc.

Touraine Summary

Touraine, historical and cultural region encompassing the central French département of Indre-et-Loire and coextensive with the former province of Touraine. The historical province of Touraine was bounded northeast by Orléanais, southeast by Berry, southwest by Poitou, west by Anjou, and north by

Anjou Summary

Anjou, historical and cultural region encompassing the western French département of Maine-et-Loire and coextensive with the former province of Anjou. The former province of Anjou also encompassed the regions of La Flèche and Château-Gontier. Organized in the Gallo-Roman period as the Civitas

Normandy Summary

Normandy, historic and cultural region of northern France encompassing the départements of Manche, Calvados, Orne, Eure, and Seine-Maritime and coextensive with the former province of Normandy. It was recreated as an administrative entity in 2016 with the union of the régions of Basse-Normandie and

war Summary

War, in the popular sense, a conflict between political groups involving hostilities of considerable duration and magnitude. In the usage of social science, certain qualifications are added. Sociologists usually apply the term to such conflicts only if they are initiated and conducted in accordance