Coco Chanel, in full Gabrielle Bonheur Chanel, (born Aug. 19, 1883, Saumur, France—died Jan. 10, 1971, Paris), French fashion designer. In 1912 she opened a boutique in Deauville, and within five years her innovative use of jersey fabric and accessories was attracting wealthy patrons. Her nonconformist designs, stressing simplicity and comfort, revolutionized the fashion industry. Her innovations include the “little black dress,” the much-copied Chanel suit, and the quilted purse. The financial basis of her fashion empire was Chanel No. 5 perfume, developed in 1921 and still popular. Chanel’s couture house remains influential and iconic.
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