basal ganglia: Neurochemicals: …of basal ganglia nuclei have projection neurons (neurons with axons that extend into adjacent brain areas) that utilize the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). As a result, inhibitory signals form the basis of most communication between nuclei in the basal ganglia. Exceptions include the excitatory glutamate-releasing projections of the subthalamic…

enlarger, in photography, device for producing a photographic print or negative larger than the original negative or transparency. The modern enlarger consists of a projection assembly attached to a vertical column that is mounted on a horizontal base. The projection assembly includes an enclosed

projection screen, surface on which the image from an optical projector is shown. Many materials are suitable for screens, the principal requirement being a high degree of reflectivity. The three most common types of screen are the mat white, the glass bead, and the lenticular. Mat white is a

orthographic projection, common method of representing three-dimensional objects, usually by three two-dimensional drawings in each of which the object is viewed along parallel lines that are perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. For example, an orthographic projection of a house typically

projective geometry, branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between geometric figures and the images, or mappings, that result from projecting them onto another surface. Common examples of projections are the shadows cast by opaque objects and motion pictures displayed on a screen.

projective geometry: Projective invariants: …the reality plane and the projective plane are essentially interchangeable—that is, ignoring distances and directions (angles), which are not preserved in the projection. Other properties are preserved, however. For instance, two different points have a unique connecting line, and two different lines have a unique point of intersection. Although almost…

projective test, in psychology, examination that commonly employs ambiguous stimuli, notably inkblots (Rorschach Test) and enigmatic pictures (Thematic Apperception Test), to evoke responses that may reveal facets of the subject’s personality by projection of internal attitudes, traits, and

Charles Olson: …in his landmark essay “Projective Verse” (1950) that poetry was a form of “energy transferred from where the poet got it” to the reader. In distinction from the “closed form” of conventional poetic metre, Olson proposed an “open field” that “projects” organically from the poem’s content—i.e., the perception of…

realism: Reductionism, error theories, and projectivism: …to a version of “projectivism,” according to which, in making such statements, one is not seeking to correctly describe features of a mind-independent world but is merely projecting one’s own responses and attitudes onto it.

projector, device for transferring photographic and other images in an enlarged form onto a viewing screen. All types of projectors employ a light source and a lens system. A simple still-photo or slide projector for exhibiting transparencies has two sets of lenses, one between the light source and

Charles-Irénée Castel, abbé de Saint-Pierre: His chief work, Le Projet de paix perpétuelle (1713; A Project for Setting an Everlasting Peace in Europe), exercised influence up to the 20th century. Saint-Pierre proposed a European peace based on the Peace of Utrecht and assured by a European confederation that would name a permanent arbitration…

prokaryote, any organism that lacks a distinct nucleus and other organelles due to the absence of internal membranes. Bacteria are among the best-known prokaryotic organisms. The lack of internal membranes in prokaryotes distinguishes them from eukaryotes. The prokaryotic cell membrane is made up

prokaryote, any organism that lacks a distinct nucleus and other organelles due to the absence of internal membranes. Bacteria are among the best-known prokaryotic organisms. The lack of internal membranes in prokaryotes distinguishes them from eukaryotes. The prokaryotic cell membrane is made up

Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Prokhorov was a Soviet physicist who, with Nikolay G. Basov and Charles H. Townes, won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1964 for fundamental research in quantum electronics that led to the development of the maser and laser. Prokhorov’s father was involved in revolutionary

Mikhail Prokhorov is a Russian businessman and famed “oligarch" who made his fortune in the wake of the Soviet Union’s collapse by buying shares in formerly state-run corporations. He ran for the Russian presidency in 2012. Prokhorov’s father worked for the Soviet sports committee, and his mother

Mikhail Prokhorov is a Russian businessman and famed “oligarch" who made his fortune in the wake of the Soviet Union’s collapse by buying shares in formerly state-run corporations. He ran for the Russian presidency in 2012. Prokhorov’s father worked for the Soviet sports committee, and his mother

Albania: Relief: The North Albanian Alps, an extension of the Dinaric Alps, cover the northern part of the country. With elevations approaching 8,900 feet (2,700 metres), this is the most rugged part of the country. It is heavily forested and sparsely populated.

Sergey Prokofiev was a 20th-century Russian (and Soviet) composer who wrote in a wide range of musical genres, including symphonies, concerti, film music, operas, ballets, and program pieces. Prokofiev (Prokofjev in the transliteration system of the Russian Academy of Sciences) was born into a

Sergey Prokofiev was a 20th-century Russian (and Soviet) composer who wrote in a wide range of musical genres, including symphonies, concerti, film music, operas, ballets, and program pieces. Prokofiev (Prokofjev in the transliteration system of the Russian Academy of Sciences) was born into a

Prokop The Bald was a Bohemian warrior-priest who was the foremost leader of the Hussite Reformation forces in the later period of the Hussite wars. Initially Prokop was a conservative (Utraquist) priest, but then he joined the heretical religious movement that had sprung from the teachings of the

Prokop The Bald was a Bohemian warrior-priest who was the foremost leader of the Hussite Reformation forces in the later period of the Hussite wars. Initially Prokop was a conservative (Utraquist) priest, but then he joined the heretical religious movement that had sprung from the teachings of the

Prokop The Bald was a Bohemian warrior-priest who was the foremost leader of the Hussite Reformation forces in the later period of the Hussite wars. Initially Prokop was a conservative (Utraquist) priest, but then he joined the heretical religious movement that had sprung from the teachings of the

Prokop The Bald was a Bohemian warrior-priest who was the foremost leader of the Hussite Reformation forces in the later period of the Hussite wars. Initially Prokop was a conservative (Utraquist) priest, but then he joined the heretical religious movement that had sprung from the teachings of the

Prokopyevsk, city, Kemerovo oblast (region), central Russia, on the Aba River. A small village of 18th-century origin, it expanded rapidly in the 1920s to become the largest coal-mining centre of the Kuznetsk Basin, although it is gradually declining. There is a large coal-enriching plant, and coal

Prokopyevsk, city, Kemerovo oblast (region), central Russia, on the Aba River. A small village of 18th-century origin, it expanded rapidly in the 1920s to become the largest coal-mining centre of the Kuznetsk Basin, although it is gradually declining. There is a large coal-enriching plant, and coal

Feofan Prokopovich was a Russian Orthodox theologian and archbishop of Pskov, who by his administration, oratory, and writings collaborated with Tsar Peter I the Great (1672–1725) in westernizing Russian culture and centralizing its political structure. He also directed the reformation of the

Feofan Prokopovich was a Russian Orthodox theologian and archbishop of Pskov, who by his administration, oratory, and writings collaborated with Tsar Peter I the Great (1672–1725) in westernizing Russian culture and centralizing its political structure. He also directed the reformation of the

Prokopyevsk, city, Kemerovo oblast (region), central Russia, on the Aba River. A small village of 18th-century origin, it expanded rapidly in the 1920s to become the largest coal-mining centre of the Kuznetsk Basin, although it is gradually declining. There is a large coal-enriching plant, and coal

Frederic Prokosch was an American writer who became famous for his early novels and whose literary stature subsequently rose as his fame declined. The precocious son of a respected linguist-philologist and a concert pianist, Prokosch spent his childhood in the United States, Germany, France, and

procuracy, in the former Soviet legal system, a government bureau concerned with ensuring administrative legality. The Soviet constitution invested the procurator general (Russian: generalny prokuror) with the responsibility of supervising the observance of the law by all government ministries and

prolactin, a protein hormone produced by the pituitary gland of mammals that acts with other hormones to initiate secretion of milk by the mammary glands. On the evolutionary scale, prolactin is an ancient hormone serving multiple roles in mediating the care of progeny (sometimes called the

prolactin: Prolactin deficiency and excess: Prolactinomas are the most common type of hormone-secreting pituitary tumour. They are four to five times more common in women than in men. However, prolactinomas tend to be larger in men at the time of diagnosis. This difference is explained by the fact that menstrual…

prolamin, any of certain seed proteins known as globulins that are insoluble in water but soluble in water-ethanol mixtures. Prolamins contain large amounts of the amino acids proline and glutamine (from which the name prolamin is derived) but only small amounts of arginine, lysine, and histidine.

prolamin, any of certain seed proteins known as globulins that are insoluble in water but soluble in water-ethanol mixtures. Prolamins contain large amounts of the amino acids proline and glutamine (from which the name prolamin is derived) but only small amounts of arginine, lysine, and histidine.

prolapse, a downward protrusion of an internal organ out of its normal cavity. The term is usually applied to protrusion of the rectum or of the uterus outside the body. In either case, the prolapse follows progressive weakening of the muscles, ligaments, and other supporting tissues around the

ellipsoid: …less, the surface is a prolate spheroid.

mensural notation: …or three semibreves (𝆺); and prolatio, division of the semibreve into two or three minima (𝆺𝅥). Time signatures (q.v.) showed tempus and prolatio. Coloration, at first red, then white, notes (such as , 𝅆, 𝆹, ) indicated specific changes in

canon: …composer Jean d’Okeghem composed his Missa prolationum (Prolation Mass) as a canon cycle in which a double canon is combined with a mensuration canon: two two-part canons proceed simultaneously at different rates of speed (i.e., mensurations).

dipteran: Larvae: …larvae have “false legs” (prolegs or pseudopods) similar to those that support the fleshy abdomen of a caterpillar. Flies, much more versatile in this respect than caterpillars, can have prolegs around any body segment. Prolegs help the larvae crawl through narrow spaces or push through soil.

idealism: Types of philosophical idealism: …Kantian scholar Norman Kemp Smith’s Prolegomena to an Idealist Theory of Knowledge (1924) is an excellent example, covers all idealistic theories of epistemology, or knowledge.

Karl Otfried Müller: …the more noteworthy are his Prolegomena zu einer wissenschaftlichen Mythologie (1825; “Prolegomena to a Scientific Mythology”), which prepared the way for the scientific investigation of myths, and his edition of Aeschylus’ Eumenides (1833), in which he attacks the prevalent philological criticisms of the classics. As political troubles made his position…

lemur: Lemur diversity: …Hapalemur), and the highly endangered greater bamboo lemurs (Prolemur simus) feed on bamboo stems in the eastern and northwestern rainforests of the island.

Epicureanism: Doctrine of Epicurus: …may be called concepts (prolēpsis), which consist of “a recollection of what has often been presented from without …” Therefore, one must always cling to that “which was originally thought” in relation to every single “term” and which constitutes its background. Since the truth attested by each of the…

prolepsis, a figure of speech in which a future act or development is represented as if already accomplished or existing. The following lines from John Keats’s “Isabella” (1820), for example, proleptically anticipate the assassination of a living character: The word may also refer to the

novel: Proletarian: The novel that, like Dickens’ Hard Times (1854), presents the lives of workingmen or other members of the lower orders is not necessarily an example of proletarian fiction. The category properly springs out of direct experience of proletarian life and is not available to…

Jean Louvet: …in 1960–61, Louvet cofounded the Proletarian Theater of La Louvière, where his plays were first produced. His first work, Le Train du bon Dieu (1962; “The Good Lord’s Train”) is a didactic, fragmentary vision of working-class alienation. Among his many plays that followed are L’An I (1963; “The Year One”),…

Ludwig Renn: …Linkskurve, the journal of the Union of Proletarian-Revolutionary Writers (1929–32), of which he was also secretary. He also taught war history during that period at the Marxist Workers’ School in Berlin. His Nachkrieg (1930; After War), a novel about the postwar Weimar Republic, mirrors Renn’s political beliefs. For his teaching…

division of labour: …a decrease in skills—known as proletarianization—among the working population. The Scottish economist Adam Smith, in his work An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), saw this splitting of tasks as a key to economic progress by providing a cheaper and more efficient means of…

proletariat, the lowest or one of the lowest economic and social classes in a society. In ancient Rome the proletariat consisted of the poor landless freemen. It included artisans and small tradesmen who had been gradually impoverished by the extension of slavery. The proletariat (literally meaning

dictatorship of the proletariat, in Marxism, rule by the proletariat—the economic and social class consisting of industrial workers who derive income solely from their labour—during the transitional phase between the abolition of capitalism and the establishment of communism. During this

ancient Rome: The popular assemblies: …one of which comprised the proletarii, or landless people too poor to serve in the army. The knights voted together with the first class, and voting proceeded from richest to poorest. Because the knights and the first class controlled 98 units, they were the dominant group in the assembly, though…

Proletkult, (Russian: “Proletarian Culture”), organization established in the Soviet Union in 1917 to provide the foundations for a truly proletarian art—i.e., one that would be created by proletarians for proletarians and would be free of all vestiges of bourgeois culture. Its leading theoretician

Proletkult, (Russian: “Proletarian Culture”), organization established in the Soviet Union in 1917 to provide the foundations for a truly proletarian art—i.e., one that would be created by proletarians for proletarians and would be free of all vestiges of bourgeois culture. Its leading theoretician

Sergei Eisenstein: …he entered, in 1920, the Proletkult Theatre (Theatre of the People) in Moscow as an assistant decorator. He rapidly became the principal decorator and then the codirector. As such, he designed the costumes and the scenery for several notable productions. At the same time, he developed a strong interest in…

aging: Tissue cell loss and replacement: …up of a population of proliferative cells, which retain the capability for division, and a population of mature cells, produced by the proliferative cells and with limited life spans. The production of cells must balance the steady loss and also compensate quickly for unusual losses caused by injury or disease,…

menstrual cycle: Ovulation and the fertile phase: …due to prolongation of the proliferative phase; the secretory phase tends to remain normal in length. In some animals, ovulation only follows coitus; this mechanism has been used to explain cases in which human pregnancy has apparently followed coitus early or late in the menstrual cycle, but there is no…

proline, an amino acid obtained by hydrolysis of proteins. Its molecule contains a secondary amino group (>NH) rather than the primary amino group (>NH2) characteristic of most amino acids. Unlike other amino acids, proline, first isolated from casein (1901), is readily soluble in alcohol.

Bering Strait, strait linking the Arctic Ocean with the Bering Sea and separating the continents of Asia and North America at their closest point. The strait averages 98 to 164 feet (30 to 50 metres) in depth and at its narrowest is about 53 miles (85 km) wide. There are numerous islands in the

La Perouse Strait, international waterway between the islands of Sakhalin (Russia) and Hokkaido (Japan). The strait, named after the French explorer Jean-François de Galaup, Count de La Pérouse, separates the Sea of Okhotsk from the Sea of Japan. It is 27 miles (43 km) wide at its narrowest part,

Annemarie Moser-Pröll is an Austrian Alpine skier who held the all-time record of six women’s World Cup championships, five in succession (1971–75). Pröll skied from the age of four. She tried out for the Austrian national ski team at the age of 15. Her Olympic Winter Games success came late. She

artificial intelligence programming language: The logic programming language PROLOG (Programmation en Logique) was conceived by Alain Colmerauer at the University of Aix-Marseille, France, where the language was first implemented in 1973. PROLOG was further developed by the logician Robert Kowalski, a member of the AI group at the University of Edinburgh. This language…

Angelos Sikelianós: …introduced by the philosophic poem Prólogos sti zoí (1917; “Prologue to Life”) and includes the long works Meter Theou (“Mother of God”) and Pascha ton Hellenon (“The Greek Easter”), culminating in the Delphikós lógos (1927; “Delphic Utterance”). In the last, Greek tradition and the national historic and religious symbols are…

prologue, a preface or introduction to a literary work. In a dramatic work, the term describes a speech, often in verse, addressed to the audience by one or more of the actors at the opening of a play. The ancient Greek prologos was of wider significance than the modern prologue, effectually taking

Louis-Nicolas Ménard: …prison in 1849 for his Prologue d’une révolution, which contained radical political opinions and his reminiscences of the June 1848 insurrections in Paris, in which he played an active part. He escaped abroad, returning to Paris in 1852. Thereafter he devoted himself to classical studies. He spent several years painting…

John Milton: Early life and education: …composed several academic exercises called prolusions, which were presented as oratorical performances in the manner of a debate. In such exercises, students applied their learning in logic and rhetoric, among other disciplines. Milton authorized publication of seven of his prolusions, composed and recited in Latin, in 1674, the year of…

William G. Kaelin, Jr.: …a chemical modification known as prolyl hydroxylation in the VHL protein facilitates cellular responses to changing oxygen availability. In the presence of oxygen, the modified VHL protein binds to another protein, known as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), which stimulates cell proliferation when oxygen is scarce. At normal oxygen levels, VHL binding…

James Corden: He later was cast in The Prom (2020), a musical in which a theatre troupe tries to help a lesbian teenager; his performance caused controversy, as some found his characterization of a gay actor offensive. In the miniseries Mammals (2022), Corden played a chef who learns that his wife is…

Pyay, town, southern Myanmar (Burma), on the Irrawaddy River. It is a trading centre and the site of a diesel electric plant. The name Prome is a mispronunciation of the town’s Burmese name by non-Burmese natives and the British; it has become so conventional as to be virtually official. The

ProMED-mail, global Internet-driven reporting network used to warn of potential outbreaks of infectious disease and of exposures to toxic substances of animals or plants intended for human consumption. ProMED-mail was established as a nonprofit project in 1994 by the Federation of American

promenade, place for strolling, where persons walk (or, in the past, ride) at leisure for exercise, display, or pleasure. Vehicular traffic may or may not be restricted. Promenades are located in resort towns and in parks and are public avenues landscaped in a pleasing manner or commanding a view.

scorpion: Reproduction and life cycle: …in a dancelike motion called promenade à deux. These actions result from the efforts of the pair to find a smooth surface on which the male can extrude a glandular secretion that forms a stalk to which the spermatophore (sperm-containing structure) is attached. He then maneuvers the female so that…

Lisette Model: In 1934 Model produced Promenade des Anglais, a series of startling, satiric portraits of the idle rich named for its setting, the road that runs along the seafront in Nice, France. These images, a selection of which appeared in the French journal Regards in 1935 and later in the…

Promenade Plantée, partially elevated parkway and promenade built along an abandoned rail line and viaduct in the 12th arrondissement (municipal district) of Paris, France. The Promenade Plantée was the world’s first elevated park (first phase completed in 1994) and the first “green space”

plant development: The shoot tip: …zone of tissue called the promeristem. Regularities may appear in the distribution of division planes only in the extreme tip region. Over the outer part of the apex, the cells often appear to lie in one to three layers, which constitute the tunica. Enclosed by the tunica lies a core…

fynbos: as sunbirds (Nectarina) and the Cape sugarbird (Promerops cafer)—animals with which the proteoids have coevolved. Seed dispersal by ants occurs in an unusually large number of the plant species of the fynbos.

Puerto Rico: The debate over political status: …Obama signed into law the Puerto Rico Oversight, Management and Economic Stability Act (PROMESA), which authorized the Puerto Rican government to restructure more than $70 billion in debt. The act also created a federally appointed seven-member oversight board to control Puerto Rico’s finances, a stipulation that was only grudgingly accepted…

Dardenne brothers: Art-house favourite La Promesse (1996; The Promise), about a teenage boy’s attempts to make good on his pledge to a dying man, was widely regarded as the brothers’ breakout film.

Amilcare Ponchielli: …and produced his first opera, I promessi sposi (“The Betrothed”; based on the novel by Alessandro Manzoni), in 1856; its revised version was popular in Italy and abroad. Between 1873 and 1875 he wrote two ballets and four operas. La gioconda (1876), with a libretto by Arrigo Boito based on…

cell: Mitosis and cytokinesis: In prometaphase the nuclear envelope breaks down (in many but not all eukaryotes) and the chromosomes attach to the mitotic spindle. Both chromatids of each chromosome attach to the spindle at a specialized chromosomal region called the kinetochore. In metaphase the condensed chromosomes align in a…

Ramón Gómez de la Serna: …founded the important literary magazine Prometeo and wrote more than 100 books and countless articles in leading European and South American newspapers and journals. His Dalí (1977; Eng. trans., 1979) reflects the surrealism of both the artist and the author.

promethazine, synthetic drug used to counteract the histamine reaction, as in allergies. Promethazine, introduced into medicine in the 1940s, is used in the form of its hydrochloride. It is administered orally in tablets and syrups and intramuscularly in an aqueous solution. Promethazine is

America’s Best Comics: … (with artist Chris Sprouse) and Promethea (with artist J.H. Williams III). Tom Strong is a benevolent warrior–wise man in the Doc Savage mold from which Superman himself was cast; Promethea, a kind of self-made muse, is a spirit of creativity, with roots in personified patron saints from pagan myth (Athena)…

saturniid moth: Major species: The promethea moth (Callosamia promethea)—also called spicebush moth because the larvae feed on spicebush, sassafras, lilac, and related plants is a common North American saturniid moth. The female moth is maroon in color, and the male is dark brown. The cocoon, formed inside a leaf, is…

match: …which culminated in the “promethean match” patented in 1828 by Samuel Jones of London. This consisted of a glass bead containing acid, the outside of which was coated with igniting composition. When the glass was broken by means of a small pair of pliers, or even with the user’s…

Prometheus, in Greek religion, one of the Titans, the supreme trickster, and a god of fire. His intellectual side was emphasized by the apparent meaning of his name, Forethinker. In common belief he developed into a master craftsman, and in this connection he was associated with fire and the

Saturn: Orbital and rotational dynamics: … and its nearest neighbour moon, Prometheus, have been dubbed shepherd moons because of their influence on ring particles. During Voyager 1’s flyby, the two bodies were discovered orbiting on either side of the narrow F ring, which itself had been found only a year earlier by Pioneer 11. The moons’…

Alien: Sequels and crossovers: Prometheus (2012), a prequel of sorts directed by Ridley Scott, explores questions regarding the origins of human life. A 2017 sequel to Prometheus, Alien: Covenant, continues the former film’s story. A further sequel to Alien, Alien: Romulus, is scheduled to be released in the summer…

Prometheus Bound, tragedy by Aeschylus, the dating of which is uncertain. The play concerns the god Prometheus, who in defiance of Zeus (Jupiter) has saved humanity with his gift of fire. For this act Zeus has ordered that he be chained to a remote crag. Despite his seeming isolation, Prometheus is

Carl Spitteler: …in 1924 under the title Prometheus der Dulder (“Prometheus the Long-Suffering”).

Prometheus Bound, tragedy by Aeschylus, the dating of which is uncertain. The play concerns the god Prometheus, who in defiance of Zeus (Jupiter) has saved humanity with his gift of fire. For this act Zeus has ordered that he be chained to a remote crag. Despite his seeming isolation, Prometheus is

Paul Manship: …versions in several museums, and Prometheus (1934), a fountain sculpture at Rockefeller Center in New York. He executed many portraits in marble; most striking are Pauline Frances—Three Weeks Old (1914) and John D. Rockefeller (1918). Manship’s depictions of animals remain popular; particularly famous is the Paul J. Rainey Memorial Gateway…

André Gide: Great creative period: Le Prométhée mal enchaîné (1899; Prometheus Misbound), a return to the satirical style of Urien’s Voyage and Marshland, is Gide’s last discussion of man’s search for individual values. His next tales mark the beginning of his great creative period. L’Immoraliste (1902; The Immoralist), La Porte étroite (1909; Strait Is the…

pirate radio: From piracy to microbroadcasting: Organizations such as the Prometheus Radio Project, a nonprofit group dedicated to offering technical and legal support for microbroadcasters, lobbied the U.S. Congress to ease restrictions on low-power FM (LPFM) broadcasts. By the early 21st century those efforts had guided some 800 microbroadcasters through the transition from pirate to…

Prometheus Unbound, lyrical drama in four acts by Percy Bysshe Shelley, published in 1820. The work, considered Shelley’s masterpiece, was a reply to Aeschylus’s Prometheus Bound, in which the Titan Prometheus stole fire from heaven to give to mortals and was punished by Zeus (Jupiter). Shelley’s

Carl Spitteler: …work was the mythical epic Prometheus und Epimetheus (1881). His second great work (which won him the Nobel Prize) was the poetic epic Der olympische Frühling (1900–05; revised 1910; “The Olympic Spring”), in which he found full scope for bold invention and vividly expressive power. The last years of his…

Polish literature: Romanticism: …a verse dialogue on aesthetics, Promethidion (1851), which expounded a theory of the social and moral function of art anticipating that of John Ruskin. An authentic text of his most significant lyrical collection, Vade-mecum (an ambiguous title, meaning variously “Go with Me” and “A Manual”), was first published in 1947.…

promethium (Pm), chemical element, the only rare-earth metal of the lanthanide series of the periodic table not found in nature on Earth. Conclusive chemical proof of the existence of promethium, the last of the rare-earth elements to be discovered, was obtained in 1945 (but not announced until

leprosy: History: …derivative of the compound, called promin, on patients. Promin had drawbacks—it had to be given intravenously, on a regular schedule, and for a long period of time—but it reversed the course of the disease in enough cases to be heralded as the “miracle at Carville.” Over the following decade researchers…

solar prominence, dense cloud of incandescent ionized gas projecting from the Sun’s chromosphere into the corona. Prominences sometimes extend hundreds of thousands of kilometres above the Sun’s chromosphere. Their causes are uncertain but probably involve magnetic forces. Prominences vary

prominent moth, (family Notodontidae), any of a group of moths (order Lepidoptera) that are characterized by projecting wing tufts in the adult and dorsal humps in the larva. The nocturnal moths have stout, hairy bodies and somewhat narrow forewings. Most species are dull gray, yellow, or brown and