Pali, city, central Rajasthan state, northwestern India. It is located just north of the Bandi River, a tributary of the Luni River. Pali was a trade centre in ancient times. The modern-day city is divided into an ancient and a modern quarter; it has several historic temples. Now chiefly an

Pali canon, the complete canon, first recorded in Pali, of the Theravada (“Way of the Elders”) branch of Buddhism. The schools of the Mahayana (“Greater Vehicle”) branch also revere it yet hold as scripture additional writings (in Sanskrit, Chinese, Tibetan, and other languages) that are not

Pāli language, classical and liturgical language of the Theravāda Buddhist canon, a Middle Indo-Aryan language of north Indian origin. On the whole, Pāli seems closely related to the Old Indo-Aryan Vedic and Sanskrit dialects but is apparently not directly descended from either of these. Pāli’s use

Pāli language, classical and liturgical language of the Theravāda Buddhist canon, a Middle Indo-Aryan language of north Indian origin. On the whole, Pāli seems closely related to the Old Indo-Aryan Vedic and Sanskrit dialects but is apparently not directly descended from either of these. Pāli’s use

Pali literature, body of Buddhist texts in the Pali language. The word pali (literally, a “line”) came to be used in the sense of “text”—in contrast to atthakatha (“saying what it means”), or “commentary”—at some time during the early part of the 1st millennium ce. Modern scholarship usually

Pali Text Society, organization founded with the intention of editing and publishing the texts of the Theravāda canon and its commentaries, as well as producing English translations of many of those texts for an audience of scholars and interested readers. The Pali Text Society (PTS) was

Gawin Douglas: …poem, Conscience; two moral allegories, The Palice of Honour and King Hart; and the Aeneid. The Palice of Honour (1501), a dream allegory on the theme “where does true honour lie,” extols a sterner rhetorical virtue than the young poet was to exemplify in his own subsequent career. King Hart…

Palici, ancient pair of local Sicilian gods who presided over the twin geysers still called Lago dei Palici, near Palagonia. The site became an asylum for escaped slaves, hence its importance as a symbol during the Sicilian slave revolts during the second half of the 2nd century bc. The Palici were

Native American music: Circum-Caribbean: …this area include the Arawak, Palikur, Kalina, Waiwai, Patamona, and Wapishana. The little information available on their musics suggests that they differ in significant ways from other South American Indians. In particular, women from the circum-Caribbean area perform in collective rituals alongside men, sing their own repertories of ceremonial songs,…

Palikir, capital of the Federated States of Micronesia. It is located inland on the island of Pohnpei. Nearby is the coastal city of Kolonia, the island’s other large settlement. Pop. (2010)

Native American music: Circum-Caribbean: …this area include the Arawak, Palikur, Kalina, Waiwai, Patamona, and Wapishana. The little information available on their musics suggests that they differ in significant ways from other South American Indians. In particular, women from the circum-Caribbean area perform in collective rituals alongside men, sing their own repertories of ceremonial songs,…

conservation: Secondary extinctions: …a seed-eating species called the palila (Loxioides bailleui), is endangered because it depends almost exclusively on the seeds of one tree, the mamane (Sophora chrysophylla), which is grazed by introduced goats and sheep.

Tourette syndrome: …to repeat words heard) and palilalia (spontaneous repetition of one’s own words) are two distinctive symptoms of Tourette syndrome. Coprolalia, the compulsion to utter obscenities, may also be present. Other vocalizations that may occur include grunts, barks, hisses, whistles, and other meaningless sounds. Motor tics may be simple actions that…

Palimé, town, major commercial centre in the Plateaux region, southwestern Togo, western Africa, situated about 70 miles (110 km) northwest of Lomé, the national capital. The town lies in a mountainous area important for cultivation of coffee, cacao, and oil palms. A large portion of these crops is

valley: Role of climatic change: …million years), many landscapes are palimpsests—i.e., they are composed of relict elements produced under the influence of past climates and modern elements produced in the present climatic regime. The study of such landscape changes is sometimes called climato-genetic geomorphology. Some researchers in the field, notably Büdel, have maintained that little…

palimpsest, manuscript in roll or codex form carrying a text erased, or partly erased, underneath an apparent additional text. The underlying text is said to be “in palimpsest,” and, even though the parchment or other surface is much abraded, the older text is recoverable in the laboratory by such

Jamie Lee Curtis: Acting career: …Curtis starred with John Cleese, Michael Palin, and Kevin Kline. The popular comedy centres on a jewel heist. In Kathryn Bigelow’s crime drama Blue Steel (1990), Curtis played a police officer who is stalked by a serial killer. Described as a “woman’s action film,” it failed to find an audience.…

Sarah Palin is an American politician who served as governor of Alaska (2006–09) and was selected by Sen. John McCain to serve as his vice presidential running mate in the 2008 U.S. presidential election. She was the first woman to appear on a Republican presidential ticket. For coverage of the

palindrome, word, number, sentence, or verse that reads the same backward or forward. The term derives from the Greek palin dromo (“running back again”). Examples of word palindromes include “civic,” “madam,” “radar,” and “deified.” Numerical palindromes include sequences that read the same in

joint disease: Miscellaneous arthritides: Palindromic rheumatism is a disease of unknown cause that is characterized by attacks that last one or two days but leave no permanent effects. Nevertheless, palindromic rheumatism rarely remits completely, and approximately one-third of cases result in rheumatoid arthritis. Polymyalgia rheumatica, a relatively frequent condition…

Charles Bonnet: …evidence of extinct species with La Palingénésie philosophique (1769; “The Philosophical Revival”), in which he theorized that Earth periodically suffers universal catastrophes, destroying most life, and that the survivors move up a notch on the evolutionary scale. Bonnet was the first to use the term evolution in a biological context.…

Vincenzo Gioberti: ” He coined the term “palingenesis” to indicate the return of human concepts to the essential centre of being from which they become divorced. This reunion of the ideal and the real provided Gioberti a means of describing the actualization in human life of the life of the spirit, and…

lobster: Unlike true lobsters, spiny lobsters (Palinuridae), so called because of their very spiny bodies, do not have large claws. People eat the abdomen, which is marketed as lobster tail. The antennae are long. Most species live in tropical waters; Palinurus elephas, however, is found from Great Britain to…

Fernando del Paso: Palinuro de México (1977; Palinuro of Mexico) is a freewheeling, humorous novel in which del Paso creates an entire semimagical universe. Noticias del imperio (1987; “News from the Empire”) is a re-creation of Mexican history, narrated in part by a madwoman who has witnessed 60 years of political and…

Fernando del Paso: Palinuro de México (1977; Palinuro of Mexico) is a freewheeling, humorous novel in which del Paso creates an entire semimagical universe. Noticias del imperio (1987; “News from the Empire”) is a re-creation of Mexican history, narrated in part by a madwoman who has witnessed 60 years of political and…

lobster: …of the Pacific coast, and P. argus, the West Indian spiny lobster, from Bermuda to Brazil. P. interruptus attains lengths of about 40 cm (16 inches); P. argus about 45 cm (18 inches). Jasus lalandei, the commercially important South African rock lobster, occurs in waters around South Africa.

lobster: …species live in tropical waters; Palinurus elephas, however, is found from Great Britain to the Mediterranean Sea. Two palinurid species are commercially important in the Americas: Palinurus interruptus, the California spiny lobster of the Pacific coast, and P. argus, the West Indian spiny lobster, from Bermuda to Brazil. P. interruptus…

lobster: …commercially important in the Americas: Palinurus interruptus, the California spiny lobster of the Pacific coast, and P. argus, the West Indian spiny lobster, from Bermuda to Brazil. P. interruptus attains lengths of about 40 cm (16 inches); P. argus about 45 cm (18 inches). Jasus lalandei, the commercially important South…

the Palio, festival of medieval origin conducted annually in certain Italian cities and featuring bareback horse races. Best known to foreigners is the Palio of Siena. Horse racing in Siena dates from 1232. The Palio was first held in 1482 as a civic celebration. The current course was formally

the Palio, festival of medieval origin conducted annually in certain Italian cities and featuring bareback horse races. Best known to foreigners is the Palio of Siena. Horse racing in Siena dates from 1232. The Palio was first held in 1482 as a civic celebration. The current course was formally

Johann Palisa was a Silesian astronomer best known for his discovery of 120 asteroids. He also prepared two catalogs containing the positions of almost 4,700 stars. Palisa briefly was an assistant astronomer at the observatories in Vienna and Geneva before being appointed director (1872–80) of the

angiosperm: Leaves: …divided into two regions: the palisade parenchyma, located beneath the upper epidermis and composed of columnar cells oriented perpendicular to the leaf surface, and spongy parenchyma, located in the lower part of the leaf and composed of irregularly shaped cells. The veins contain primary xylem and phloem and are enclosed…

angiosperm: Leaves: …divided into two regions: the palisade parenchyma, located beneath the upper epidermis and composed of columnar cells oriented perpendicular to the leaf surface, and spongy parenchyma, located in the lower part of the leaf and composed of irregularly shaped cells. The veins contain primary xylem and phloem and are enclosed…

angiosperm: Leaves: …divided into two regions: the palisade parenchyma, located beneath the upper epidermis and composed of columnar cells oriented perpendicular to the leaf surface, and spongy parenchyma, located in the lower part of the leaf and composed of irregularly shaped cells. The veins contain primary xylem and phloem and are enclosed…

Chuck Barris: …a songwriter, and his “Palisades Park” was a smash hit in 1962 for rock and roll singer Freddy Cannon.

Triassic Period: Igneous rocks: The well-known Palisades Sill of the Newark Supergroup was formerly regarded as Triassic in age, but this diabase intrusion, which is 300 metres (1,000 feet) thick, has yielded a potassium-argon age of 193 million years, indicating an Early Jurassic origin.

The Palisades, basalt bluffs 200–540 feet (60–165 meters) high along the west side of the Hudson River, southeastern New York and northeastern New Jersey, U.S. Rising vertically from near the water’s edge, they are characterized by uplifts, faults, and columnar structure developed by slow cooling

Bernard Palissy was a French Huguenot potter and writer, particularly associated with decorated rustic ware, a type of earthenware covered with coloured lead glazes sometimes mistakenly called faience (tin-glazed earthenware). Palissy began as a painter of glass, but, after journeys in the south

Christ’s thorn, any of several prickly or thorny shrubs, particularly Paliurus spina-christi, of the buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae). P. spina-christi is native to southern Europe and western Asia. It grows about 6 m (20 feet) tall and is sometimes cultivated in hedges. The alternate leaves are oval

Usumacinta River: …and the eastern arm, the Palizada, empties into the Términos Lagoon in Campeche state. The total length of the main channel, including the Chixoy, is approximately 600 miles (1,000 km). Navigable for about 250 miles (400 km) inland, the Usumacinta has had great economic significance as a means of communication…

Palk Strait, inlet of the Bay of Bengal between southeastern India and northern Sri Lanka. It is bounded on the south by Pamban Island (India), Adam’s (Rama’s) Bridge (a chain of shoals), the Gulf of Mannar, and Mannar Island (Sri Lanka). The southwestern portion of the strait is also called Palk

Bowers v. Hardwick: Majority opinion: …concept of ordered liberty” (Palko v. Connecticut [1937]) or “deeply rooted in this Nation’s history and tradition” (Moore v. East Cleveland [1977]). But neither of those formulations is applicable to a presumed right to engage in homosexual sodomy; indeed, to claim otherwise “is, at best, facetious.”

Palkonda Hills, series of ranges in southern Andhra Pradesh state, southern India. The hills trend northwest to southeast and form the central part of the Eastern Ghats. Geologically, they are relicts of ancient mountains formed during the Cambrian Period (about 540 to 490 million years ago) that

biblical literature: Slavic versions: …from the Latin Vulgate by Jiři Palkovic̆ was printed in the Gothic script (2 vol., Gran, 1829, 1832) and another, associated with Richard Osvald, appeared at Trnava in 1928. A Protestant New Testament version of Josef Rohac̆ek was published at Budapest in 1913 and his complete Bible at Prague in…

South Asian arts: Period of the Tamil Cōḷa Empire (10th–13th century): …Telugu Śaiva poets such as Pālkuriki Sōmanātha, who composed the Basavapurāṇam employing popular metres and idiomatic Telugu. His Paṇḍitārādhya Caritra is a life of the Śaiva devotee Paṇḍitārādhya as well as a book of general knowledge including social customs, arts, crafts, and particularly music. His Vṛṣādhipa Śatakam consists of verses…

heraldry: Ordinaries: The pall, or shakefork, is the upper half of a saltire (St. Andrew’s cross) with the lower half of a pale, forming a Y-shape. The pile is a triangle pointing downward. The flaunch, or flanch, is a segment of a circle drawn from the top of…

pallium, liturgical vestment worn over the chasuble by the pope, archbishops, and some bishops in the Roman Catholic Church. It is bestowed by the pope on archbishops and bishops having metropolitan jurisdiction as a symbol of their participation in papal authority. It is made of a circular strip

American Tobacco Company: …of the first king-size cigarettes, Pall Mall (an old name reapplied to a new cigarette). The sales of these two brands made American Tobacco the most successful cigarette manufacturer of the 1940s. The company failed to establish equally strong brands of filter cigarettes in the 1950s, however, and by the…

history of publishing: Great Britain: …Another contemporary evening paper, the Pall Mall Gazette, adopted American tactics for some of its crusades. In a series of articles entitled “The Maiden Tribute to Modern Babylon”, W.T. Stead exposed the prostitution of young girls in London by himself procuring one. (Indeed as a result he served a term…

pall-mall, (from Italian pallamaglio: palla, “ball,” and maglio, “mallet”), obsolete game of French origin, resembling croquet. An English traveler in France mentions it early in the 17th century, and it was introduced into England in the second quarter of that century. Thomas Blount’s

dress: Ancient Rome: The feminine cloak, the palla, resembled the Greek himation.

Bolivia: Traditional culture: …attitudes: the dance of the palla-palla caricatures the 16th-century Spanish invaders, the dance of the waka-tokoris satirizes bullfights, and the morenada mocks white men, who are depicted leading imported African slaves. Some highly embroidered and colourful costumes imitate pre-Columbian dress. Many costumes are accompanied by elaborate masks made of plaster,…

Epicureanism: The Epicurean school: …5th centuries, was the epigrammatist Palladas.

Palladian window, in architecture, three-part window composed of a large, arched central section flanked by two narrower, shorter sections having square tops. This type of window, popular in 17th- and 18th-century English versions of Italian designs, was inspired by the so-called Palladian motif,

Palladianism, style of architecture based on the writings and buildings of the humanist and theorist from Vicenza, Andrea Palladio (1508–80), perhaps the greatest architect of the latter 16th century and certainly the most influential. Palladio felt that architecture should be governed by reason

pancreatic cancer: Symptoms and causes: Mutations in a gene designated PALLD (palladin, or cytoskeletal associated protein) have been linked to familial pancreatic cancer.

Andrea Palladio was an Italian architect, regarded as the greatest architect of 16th-century northern Italy. His designs for palaces (palazzi) and villas, notably the Villa Rotonda (1550–51) near Vicenza, and his treatise I quattro libri dell’architettura (1570; The Four Books of Architecture) made

Francis Meres: …was an English author of Palladis Tamia; Wits Treasury, a commonplace book valuable for information on Elizabethan poets.

palladium (Pd), chemical element, the least dense and lowest-melting of the platinum metals of Groups 8–10 (VIIIb), Periods 5 and 6, of the periodic table, used especially as a catalyst (a substance that speeds up chemical reactions without changing their products) and in alloys. A precious

Palladium, in Greek religion, image of the goddess Pallas (Athena), especially the archaic wooden statue of the goddess that was preserved in the citadel of Troy as a pledge of the safety of the city. As long as the statue was kept safe within Troy, the city could not be conquered. It was said that

Thomas Graham: …his final paper he described palladium hydride, the first known instance of a solid compound formed from a metal and a gas.

Saint Celestine I: Palladius at Rome in 431, Celestine sent him as the first bishop to Ireland. Archbishop St. Cyril of Alexandria was entrusted with Nestorius’ recantation at the Council of Ephesus in 431. Celestine approved the council’s decision to anathematize, depose, and banish Nestorius, which caused a…

Palladius was a Galatian monk, bishop, and chronicler whose Lausiac History, an account of early Egyptian and Middle Eastern Christian monasticism, provides the most valuable single source for the origins of Christian asceticism. Palladius took up the ascetical life himself, first at the Mount of

Pallas, third largest asteroid in the asteroid belt and the second such object to be discovered, by the German astronomer and physician Wilhelm Olbers on March 28, 1802, following the discovery of Ceres the year before. It is named after Pallas Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom. Pallas’s orbital

Athena, in Greek religion, the city protectress, goddess of war, handicraft, and practical reason, identified by the Romans with Minerva. She was essentially urban and civilized, the antithesis in many respects of Artemis, goddess of the outdoors. Athena was probably a pre-Hellenic goddess and was

Sandro Botticelli: Mythological paintings: 1477–82), Pallas and the Centaur (c. 1485), Venus and Mars (c. 1485), and The Birth of Venus (c. 1485). The Primavera, or Allegory of Spring, and The Birth of Venus were painted for the home of Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de’ Medici. All four of these panel…

Pallas’s cat, (Felis manul), small, long-haired cat (family Felidae) native to deserts and rocky, mountainous regions from Tibet to Siberia. It was named for the naturalist Peter Simon Pallas. The Pallas’s cat is a soft-furred animal about the size of a house cat and is pale silvery gray or light

Peter Simon Pallas was a German naturalist who advanced a theory of mountain formation and, by the age of 15, had outlined new classifications of certain animal groups. In 1761 he went to England to study natural-history collections and to make geological observations. He was appointed professor of

stony iron meteorite: …of stony iron, known as pallasites (formerly called lithosiderites), the nickel-iron is a coherent mass enclosing separated stony parts. The material that makes up pallasites probably formed, after melting and differentiation of their parent asteroids, at the interface between the nickel-iron metal core and the surrounding silicate mantle. The other…

Pallava dynasty, early 4th-century to late 9th-century ce line of rulers in southern India whose members originated as indigenous subordinates of the Satavahanas in the Deccan, moved into Andhra, and then to Kanci (Kanchipuram in modern Tamil Nadu state, India), where they became rulers. Their

South Asian arts: South India: The final section, pallavi, is a composition of words and melody set in a particular tala, usually a long or complex one. The pallavi may have been composed by the performer himself and be unfamiliar to his accompanists, usually a violinist who echoes the singer’s phrases and a…

Italy: Milan: The Genoese patrician Gian Luca Pallavicini prepared them as a minister after 1743 and then implemented them as governor after 1750. The reforms reorganized government administration, ended the sale of offices, reordered state finances, founded a public bank, and, most important, in 1749 placed a new cadastral survey—begun…

Oberto Pelavicino was a leader of the Ghibelline (imperial) party in northern Italy and a powerful supporter of the Holy Roman emperor Frederick II and his sons. As a member of a great feudal family of Lombardy, Pelavicino fought at Frederick’s side in 1238 against Brescia, near Milan, and the

David Schwimmer: Other film and TV credits: …Schwimmer, but such movies as The Pallbearer (1995), Kissing a Fool (1998), and All the Rage (1999) were largely unsuccessful. In 2001 he appeared in the acclaimed World War II television miniseries Band of Brothers, portraying Capt. Herbert Sobel, a strict officer in Easy Company. That year he also starred…

pre-Columbian civilizations: Chavín monuments and temples: At Moxeke and Pallca in the Casma Valley to the south, there are terraced, stone-faced pyramids with stone stairways. The first has niches containing clay-plastered reliefs of mud, stone, and conical adobes showing felines, snakes, and human beings of Chavinoid character painted in polychrome. Also in Casma is…

pancreatic cancer: Symptoms and causes: Mutations in a gene designated PALLD (palladin, or cytoskeletal associated protein) have been linked to familial pancreatic cancer.

Keith Richards: Substance abuse and later career: …children, three with Italian actress Anita Pallenberg and two with American model Patti Hansen, the latter of whom he married in 1983. One of his children, Tara, died as an infant. He has appeared in several films, the most famous being Pirates of the Caribbean: At World’s End (2007) and…

Max Pallenberg was an actor, an exponent of the Austrian tradition of extempore farce, whose talents contributed to the evolution of German theatrical practice. Pallenberg’s career started in Vienna (1909) with appearances in popular revues and operettas, but soon he was at Berlin’s Deutsches

Peisistratus: Rise to power: At Pallene, near Mount Hymettus, he launched a surprise attack on the Athenian army in the heat of midday, while his enemies were gambling or sleeping. After a complete victory, Peisistratus became master of Athens for the third time and remained in power until his death…

organ: …keys via a set of pallets, or valves, and fed with a supply of air by electrically or mechanically activated bellows. Each rank is brought into action by a stop that is connected by levers, or electrically, to a slider. To bring a pipe into speech the player must first…

logistics: Packaging: …in turn are handled on pallets, wooden platforms about 6 inches high and 40 inches by 48 inches along the top. Pallets are loaded two or four boxes high and moved by mechanical devices known as forklift trucks, tractorlike vehicles with two lifting prongs in front that fit into slots…

logistics: Packaging: …of warehouses, railcars, and trucks, Pallet loads are also called “unit loads” and are the most common way of handling packaged freight. Goods that are not packaged are often handled in bulk. Examples are iron ore, coal, and grains that move in trainload, truckload, and shipload lots. They are loaded,…

mantle, in biology, soft covering, formed from the body wall, of brachiopods and mollusks; also, the fleshy outer covering, sometimes strengthened by calcified plates, of barnacles. The mantle of mollusks and brachiopods secretes the shell in species that possess shells. It also forms a mantle

pallium, liturgical vestment worn over the chasuble by the pope, archbishops, and some bishops in the Roman Catholic Church. It is bestowed by the pope on archbishops and bishops having metropolitan jurisdiction as a symbol of their participation in papal authority. It is made of a circular strip

mollusk: External features: … (except in bivalves), and the mantle cavity. The mantle in caudofoveates and solenogasters is covered by cuticle that contains scales or minute, spinelike, hard bodies (spicules), or both (aplacophoran level). The chitons (class Polyplacophora) develop a series of eight articulating plates or valves often surrounded by a girdle of cuticle…

bivalve: The mantle and musculature: …the shell being called the pallial line.

bivalve: The mantle and musculature: …between the shell valves by mantle retractor muscles; their point of attachment to the shell being called the pallial line.

palliative care, form of health care that seeks to improve the quality of life of patients with terminal disease through the prevention and relief of suffering. It is facilitated by the early identification of life-threatening disease and by the treatment of pain and disease-associated problems,

cancer: Surgery: This type of surgery, called palliative surgery, can remove an intestinal obstruction or remove masses that are causing pain or disfigurement.

harrier: The pallid harrier (C. macrourus) breeds from the Baltic to southeastern Europe and Central Asia. Allied species include the cinereous harrier (C. cinereus), found from Peru to the Straits of Magellan; the long-winged harrier (C. buffoni), ranging over all of South America, especially east of the…

parkinsonism: Pallidotomy involves destroying a part of the brain structure called the globus pallidus that is involved in motor control. Pallidotomy may improve symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Cryothalamotomy destroys the area of the brain that produces tremors by the inserting a probe into…

human nervous system: Basal ganglia: …(2) the putamen, (3) the globus pallidus, and (4) the amygdala. Phylogenetically, the amygdala is the oldest of the basal ganglia and is often referred to as the archistriatum; the globus pallidus is known as the paleostriatum, and the caudate nucleus and putamen are together known as the neostriatum, or…

Felix Timmermans: …literary reputation with the novel Pallieter (1916). An “ode to life” written after a moral and physical crisis, the book was warmly received by his readers as an antidote to the misery of World War I in occupied Belgium. For the characters in his books he drew on the people…

Palliser family, fictional characters in the Palliser novels, a series of novels published in the late 19th century by Anthony Trollope. The novels trace the slow progress of the marriage between Plantagenet Palliser and Lady Glencora Palliser, formerly Glencora M’Cluskie. Plantagenet, who chooses

Palliser novels, series of novels by Anthony Trollope. They are united by their concern with political and social issues and by the character Plantagenet Palliser, who appears in each, with other characters recurring periodically. The series consists of these works (in order of publication): Can

Cypress Hills: Incorrectly named “cypress” (by Captain John Palliser, a British government surveyor, on a map he drew in 1857), for the jack pine trees that covered their slopes, the hills contain pre-Ice Age fossils, flowers, and rocks of subtropical variety found nowhere else in Canada.

Duke of Omnium, fictional character in the Palliser novels by Anthony Trollope. The Duke figures most prominently in Can You Forgive Her? (1864–65), the first book of the series. A stuffy yet decent-minded man, he is politically ambitious and neglectful of his beautiful and spirited young wife,

Augustus Keppel: Sir Hugh Palliser, a member of the Admiralty Board, went to sea with Keppel in a subordinate command, and Keppel believed that the indecisive outcome of his battle against the French (July 27, 1778) off Ushant (a small island near Brittany) was partly due to…

mantle, in biology, soft covering, formed from the body wall, of brachiopods and mollusks; also, the fleshy outer covering, sometimes strengthened by calcified plates, of barnacles. The mantle of mollusks and brachiopods secretes the shell in species that possess shells. It also forms a mantle

pallium, liturgical vestment worn over the chasuble by the pope, archbishops, and some bishops in the Roman Catholic Church. It is bestowed by the pope on archbishops and bishops having metropolitan jurisdiction as a symbol of their participation in papal authority. It is made of a circular strip