William Golding: …death are the subject of Pincher Martin (1956). Two other novels, Free Fall (1959) and The Spire (1964), also demonstrate Golding’s belief that “man produces evil as a bee produces honey.” Darkness Visible (1979) tells the story of a boy horribly burned in the London blitz during World War II.…

Boris Johnson: Resignation in disgrace: …involving Conservative Deputy Chief Whip Chris Pincher, would finally force the resignation of the embattled prime minister whose grip on power had for so long seemed impervious to scandal. This time Johnson and his spokespeople repeatedly changed their story regarding Johnson’s awareness of allegations of sexual misconduct that had been…

Alberto Moravia was an Italian journalist, short-story writer, and novelist known for his fictional portrayals of social alienation and loveless sexuality. He was a major figure in 20th-century Italian literature. Moravia contracted tuberculosis of the bone (a form of osteomyelitis usually caused

stag beetle, (family Lucanidae), any of some 900 species of beetles (insect order Coleoptera) in which the mandibles (jaws) are greatly developed in the male and resemble the antlers of a stag. In many species the elaborately branched and toothed mandibles may be as long as the beetle itself. If

crustacean: Appendages: …which may bear pincers, or chelae. In crabs there is a single obvious pair of chelae, but in some of the prawns there may be up to three pairs of less conspicuous pincers. The decapod abdomen normally bears six pairs of biramous appendages, which are used in swimming in many…

pintxo, an appetizer similar to tapas (although more typically served on top of bread), especially common in Spain’s northern Basque Country. They are often served with a skewer or toothpick, hence the name. The small plates of food are usually displayed on the tops of bars—particularly during

Gifford Pinchot was a pioneer of U.S. forestry and conservation and a public official. Pinchot graduated from Yale in 1889 and studied at the National Forestry School in Nancy, France, and in Switzerland, Germany, and Austria. Upon his return home in 1892, he began the first systematic forestry

Rome: Other hills: During the Roman Empire the Pincio was covered with villas and gardens, but it was made into a public park only in the 19th century. Toward sunset many Romans arrive to stroll along the Pincio promenade.

Charles Pinckney: …for a new government—called the Pinckney plan—were largely incorporated into the federal Constitution drawn up in 1787.

Pinckney’s Treaty, (Oct. 27, 1795), agreement between Spain and the United States, fixing the southern boundary of the United States at 31° N latitude and establishing commercial arrangements favourable to the United States. U.S. citizens were accorded free navigation of the Mississippi River

Charles Pinckney was an American Founding Father, political leader, and diplomat whose proposals for a new government—called the Pinckney plan—were largely incorporated into the federal Constitution drawn up in 1787. During the American Revolution, Pinckney was captured and held prisoner by the

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney was an American soldier, statesman, and diplomat who participated in the XYZ Affair, an unsavory diplomatic incident with France in 1798. Pinckney entered public service in 1769 as a member of the South Carolina Assembly. He served in the first South Carolina Provincial

Barack Obama: Baltimore riot, Charleston shooting, Supreme Court approval of same-sex marriage, and agreement with Iran: Clementa Pinckney, a South Carolina state senator—Obama addressed gun control, race relations, and the symbolic impact of the Confederate flag, which he said represented more than just “ancestral pride” because for many it was a “reminder of systemic oppression and racial subjugation.” (In the wake…

Elizabeth Pinckney was a British-American plantation manager known for the first successful cultivation of indigo in the United States, an accomplishment that subsequently helped to sustain the Carolina economy for 30 years. When her father, George Lucas, was called to military duty in Antigua in

Elizabeth Pinckney was a British-American plantation manager known for the first successful cultivation of indigo in the United States, an accomplishment that subsequently helped to sustain the Carolina economy for 30 years. When her father, George Lucas, was called to military duty in Antigua in

Thomas Pinckney was an American soldier, politician, and diplomat who negotiated Pinckney’s Treaty (Oct. 27, 1795) with Spain. After military service in the American Revolutionary War, Pinckney, a younger brother of the diplomat Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, turned to law and politics. He served as

conservation: Freshwater mussels and clams: Margaritiferidae. Of these, 21 have become extinct in the past century, and 70 percent are in danger of extinction. During this same period, engineers have extensively dammed and channeled North America’s rivers. The Tennessee River, for example, is dammed along its entire length from Knoxville,…

cultured pearl: Immature pearl oyster shells (usually Pinctada fucata or Pteria penguin in Japan and Pinctada maxima in Australia) are reserved in barrels until maturation (2 to 3 years) and, when the shells reach certain size, are implanted with a tiny polished sphere of mother-of-pearl. The implanted oysters are suspended in wire…

cultured pearl: …Pteria penguin in Japan and Pinctada maxima in Australia) are reserved in barrels until maturation (2 to 3 years) and, when the shells reach certain size, are implanted with a tiny polished sphere of mother-of-pearl. The implanted oysters are suspended in wire nets from floating rafts or contained in some…

Barry Manilow is an American pop singer and songwriter who specialized in elaborately orchestrated romantic ballads, which first won him a wide audience in the 1970s. Barry Pincus grew up in a lower-class neighbourhood in Brooklyn. When he was two years old, his father left the family, and several

Gregory Pincus was an American endocrinologist whose work on the antifertility properties of steroids led to the development of the first effective birth-control pill. Pincus was educated at Cornell University and Harvard University (M.S., Sc.D., 1927) and also studied in England and Germany. He

Gregory Pincus was an American endocrinologist whose work on the antifertility properties of steroids led to the development of the first effective birth-control pill. Pincus was educated at Cornell University and Harvard University (M.S., Sc.D., 1927) and also studied in England and Germany. He

aberration: …distance from the axis, and pincushion distortion, in which magnification increases with distance from the axis.

scabious: Major species: Pincushion flower, also called sweet scabious, mourning bride, or garden scabious (Scabiosa atropurpurea), a southern European annual with deeply cut basal leaves and feathery stem leaves, produces fragrant 5-cm (2-inch) flower heads in white, rose, crimson, blue, or deep mahogany purple. It is about 1…

scabious, (genus Scabiosa), genus of about 30 species of annual and perennial herbs of the honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceae). They are native to temperate Eurasia, the Mediterranean region, and the mountains of eastern Africa. Some are important garden plants. All species have basal leaf rosettes

Pindus Mountains, principal range and backbone of mainland Greece, trending north-northwest–south-southeast from Albania to central Greece north of the Peloponnese (Modern Greek: Pelopónnisos). In antiquity, the name Pindus applied to ranges south of the Aracynthus (Zygós) Pass west of Thessaly

Pindar was the greatest lyric poet of ancient Greece and the master of epinicia, choral odes celebrating victories achieved in the Pythian, Olympic, Isthmian, and Nemean games. Pindar was of noble birth, possibly belonging to a Spartan family, the Aegeids, though the evidence for this is

Ganges River: Physiography: Mandakini, the Dhauliganga, and the Pindar—all rise in the mountainous region of northern Uttarakhand state. Of those, the two main headstreams are the Alaknanda (the longer of the two), which rises about 30 miles (50 km) north of the Himalayan peak of Nanda Devi, and the Bhagirathi, which originates at…

Ganges River: Physiography: Mandakini, the Dhauliganga, and the Pindar—all rise in the mountainous region of northern Uttarakhand state. Of those, the two main headstreams are the Alaknanda (the longer of the two), which rises about 30 miles (50 km) north of the Himalayan peak of Nanda Devi, and the Bhagirathi, which originates at…

Peter Pindar was an English writer of a running commentary in satirical verse on society, politics, and personalities, from 1778 to 1817. After studying medicine at Aberdeen, Scotland, Wolcot went to Jamaica as physician to the governor in 1767. He was ordained in 1769 but then forsook the church.

Pindari, historically, an irregular horseman, plunderer, or forager attached to a Muslim army in India who was allowed to plunder in lieu of pay. The name is Marathi and probably derives from two words, meaning “bundle of grass” and “who takes.” The Pindaris followed the Maratha bands who raided

Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st marquess of Hastings: …with the British against the Pindaris or war. The peshwa (titular ruler of the Maratha confederacy), the raja of Nagpur, and the army under Holkar II, ruler of Indore, chose war and were defeated. The Pindari bands were broken up, and, in a settlement, the peshwa’s territories were annexed and…

Pindaric ode, ceremonious poem by or in the manner of Pindar, a Greek professional lyrist of the 5th century bc. Pindar employed the triadic structure attributed to Stesichorus (7th and 6th centuries bc), consisting of a strophe (two or more lines repeated as a unit) followed by a metrically

Pindaric ode: …a looser version known as Pindarics. These are irregular rhymed odes in which the length of line and stanza is capriciously varied to suggest, but not reproduce, the style and manner of Pindar. These spurious Pindarics are some of the greatest odes in the English language, including John Dryden’s “Alexander’s…

Abraham Cowley: His Pindarique Odes (1656) try to reproduce the Latin poet’s enthusiastic manner through lines of uneven length and even more extravagant poetic conceits.

Pindar was the greatest lyric poet of ancient Greece and the master of epinicia, choral odes celebrating victories achieved in the Pythian, Olympic, Isthmian, and Nemean games. Pindar was of noble birth, possibly belonging to a Spartan family, the Aegeids, though the evidence for this is

Pindar was the greatest lyric poet of ancient Greece and the master of epinicia, choral odes celebrating victories achieved in the Pythian, Olympic, Isthmian, and Nemean games. Pindar was of noble birth, possibly belonging to a Spartan family, the Aegeids, though the evidence for this is

Ippolito Pindemonte was an Italian prose writer, translator, and poet, remembered for his pre-Romantic lyrics and particularly for his highly prized translation of the Odyssey. Born into a noble and cultivated family, Ippolito Pindemonte was educated at a college in Modena and then traveled in

the Moody Blues: The original members were Mike Pinder (b. December 27, 1941, Birmingham, England—d. April 24, 2024, California, U.S.), Ray Thomas (b. December 29, 1941, Stourport-on-Severn, Hereford and Worcester, England—d. January 4, 2018, Surrey), Graeme Edge (b. March 30, 1941, Rochester, Kent, England—d. November 11, 2021, Bradenton, Florida, U.S.), Denny Laine…

Pindus Mountains, principal range and backbone of mainland Greece, trending north-northwest–south-southeast from Albania to central Greece north of the Peloponnese (Modern Greek: Pelopónnisos). In antiquity, the name Pindus applied to ranges south of the Aracynthus (Zygós) Pass west of Thessaly

Pindus Mountains, principal range and backbone of mainland Greece, trending north-northwest–south-southeast from Albania to central Greece north of the Peloponnese (Modern Greek: Pelopónnisos). In antiquity, the name Pindus applied to ranges south of the Aracynthus (Zygós) Pass west of Thessaly

Lynden Pindling was a Bahamian politician who, as prime minister (1967–92), guided the Bahamas to independence in 1973 and was considered the country’s founding father. Pindling studied at the Bahamas Government High School (1943–46) and at King’s College, University of London (1948–52), from which

Lynden Pindling was a Bahamian politician who, as prime minister (1967–92), guided the Bahamas to independence in 1973 and was considered the country’s founding father. Pindling studied at the Bahamas Government High School (1943–46) and at King’s College, University of London (1948–52), from which

Pindus Mountains, principal range and backbone of mainland Greece, trending north-northwest–south-southeast from Albania to central Greece north of the Peloponnese (Modern Greek: Pelopónnisos). In antiquity, the name Pindus applied to ranges south of the Aracynthus (Zygós) Pass west of Thessaly

Pindus Mountains, principal range and backbone of mainland Greece, trending north-northwest–south-southeast from Albania to central Greece north of the Peloponnese (Modern Greek: Pelopónnisos). In antiquity, the name Pindus applied to ranges south of the Aracynthus (Zygós) Pass west of Thessaly

pine, (genus Pinus), genus of about 115 species of evergreen conifers of the pine family (Pinaceae), distributed throughout the world but native primarily to northern temperate regions. Pines and other conifers are key members of the taiga (boreal forests), coniferous forests, and mixed forests

Pine Bluff, city, seat (1832) of Jefferson county, central Arkansas, U.S., about 40 miles (64 km) south-southeast of Little Rock. It is situated on high bluffs overlooking the Arkansas River. Settled in 1819 as a trading post by Joseph Bonne and known as Mount Marie, it was renamed in 1832 for its

mineral deposit: Skarns: …King Island, Tasmania, Australia; and Pine Creek, California, U.S.

Pinaceae, the pine family of conifers (order Pinales), consisting of 11 genera and about 220 species of trees (rarely shrubs) native to northern temperate regions. Fir (Abies), Keteleeria, Cathaya, Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga), hemlock (Tsuga), spruce (Picea), golden larch (Pseudolarix), larch (or

grosbeak: The pine grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator) of northern Eurasia and North America forages in small flocks and sometimes flies great distances in winter in search of its natural food (in Europe, mainly mountain ash berries). Adult males are a bright reddish colour, and females are mostly brown.

Balearic Islands: …group is known as the Pitiusas and includes the islands of Ibiza (Eivissa) and Formentera. The archipelago is an extension of the sub-Baetic cordillera of peninsular Spain, and the two are linked by a sill near Cape Nao in the province of Alicante. The Balearic Islands autonomous community was established…

pine nut, edible seed of a pine (genus Pinus). Pine nuts, small, creamy, ivory-coloured seeds—sometimes known as pine kernels and also sold as pignoli, pinyons, or piñons—have been appreciated for their exquisite flavour since prehistoric times. The ancient Greeks and Romans knew and loved pine

marten: The American marten (M. americana) is a North American species that inhabits northern wooded regions from Alaska to Newfoundland and Labrador. It is also called the pine marten. Its fur is sometimes sold as American, or Hudson Bay, sable. Its adult length is 35–43 cm (14–17…

marten: The pine marten (M. martes) of European and Central Asian forests is also called the European marten and, less commonly, baum marten and sweet marten. It has a dark brown coat with an undivided yellowish throat patch. Its head-and-body length is 42–52 cm (about 16.5–20.5 inches),…

Windsor Locks, urban town (township), Hartford county, north-central Connecticut, U.S., on the Connecticut River. Originally settled as part of Windsor in 1663, it was known as Pine Meadow and Enfield Falls (for the rapids on its east side). Commercial development began after 1829 with the

Pine Mountain, ridge on the Cumberland Plateau, a section of the Appalachian Mountains in the United States, extending for 125 miles (200 km) across southeastern Kentucky, along the Virginia border, and into northern Tennessee. With average heights of 2,100 to 2,800 feet (640 to 850 m), the ridge

Katherine Pettit: In 1913 Pettit established the Pine Mountain Settlement School near Dillon, Harlan county, a task that she carried through from the clearing of a parcel of donated timberland to the erection of buildings from the lumber. While organizing classes and extension work, as well as clinics for the treatment of…

pine nut, edible seed of a pine (genus Pinus). Pine nuts, small, creamy, ivory-coloured seeds—sometimes known as pine kernels and also sold as pignoli, pinyons, or piñons—have been appreciated for their exquisite flavour since prehistoric times. The ancient Greeks and Romans knew and loved pine

pine oil, essential oil consisting of a colourless to light amber liquid of characteristic odour obtained from pine trees, or a synthetic oil similar in aroma and other properties. Pine oil is used as a solvent for gums, resins, and other substances. It has germicidal properties and is employed

Hay River: …miles (56 km) east at Pine Point. The 103-foot (32-metre) Alexandra Falls on the Hay River are 34 miles (55 km) south of the town. Pop. (2006) 3,648; (2011) 3,606.

Wounded Knee Massacre: Context: Others rushed to Pine Ridge, where the Oglala chief Red Cloud was attempting to negotiate the preservation of Lakota traditions without bloodshed. Miniconjou Lakota chief Sitanka, known to the white Americans as Big Foot, hoped to join those at Pine Ridge and help find a peaceful resolution to…

Dennis Banks: Founding the American Indian Movement: …Knee, a town on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota. Wounded Knee was the site of an 1890 massacre in which U.S. troops killed as many as 300 Lakota Sioux. Banks and AIM wanted to call attention to local corruption on the Pine Ridge Reservation as well as…

Charlevoix, city, seat (1869) of Charlevoix county, northwestern Michigan, U.S. It is located between Lake Charlevoix and Lake Michigan, about 50 miles (80 km) southwest of Mackinaw City and the Straits of Mackinac. Settled by fishermen by 1852, it was built on the site of an Indian village and was

siskin: 5-inch) pine siskin (C. pinus) of North America has yellow wing and tail bars. The common siskin (C. spinus) of Europe has a black cap and yellow-tinged breast.

George Brett: Pine tar incident: For all of his hitting accomplishments, Brett will also be remembered for a home run that was taken away from him over a hyper-technical rule interpretation by an umpire—only to have that call overruled by the AL president. After Brett hit a…

Camden, city, seat (1791) of Kershaw county, north-central South Carolina, U.S. It was founded by English settlers along the Wateree River about 1733 and was originally known as Pine Tree Hill. It changed its name in 1768 to honour Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden, a British supporter of the colonial

Maine, constituent state of the United States of America. The largest of the six New England states in area, it lies at the northeastern corner of the country. Its total area, including about 2,300 square miles (6,000 square km) of inland water, represents nearly half of the total area of New

pine weevil, any wood-boring beetle of the insect family Curculionidae (order Coleoptera). Their most unusual physical characteristic is an elongated beak, or snout. The white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi) of North America kills the central growth shoot of white pine trees, forcing one of the side

Chris Pine is an American actor who is especially adept at portraying intelligent and world-weary characters. He is perhaps best known for the role of Capt. James T. Kirk in the Star Trek movie series. Pine was born into a family of actors. His father, Robert Pine, has appeared in films and

Chris Pine is an American actor who is especially adept at portraying intelligent and world-weary characters. He is perhaps best known for the role of Capt. James T. Kirk in the Star Trek movie series. Pine was born into a family of actors. His father, Robert Pine, has appeared in films and

John Pine was an English engraver who published a number of notable illustrated books. It is not known where Pine learned his art, although he may have studied under the Frenchman Bernard Picart. He operated a printshop in London and thus was able to publish books illustrated with his own

Robert Edge Pine was an English artist who painted portraits of many of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Little is known about Pine’s artistic education, but it is likely that his father, the engraver John Pine, instructed him in his youth. In 1760 his painting The Surrender of Calais won

coleopteran: Annotated classification: Family Nemonychidae (pine-flower snout beetles) Small group sometimes placed in Curculionidae or Attelabidae. Superfamily Dascilloidea Forecoxae projecting; abdomen with 5 visible segments; wing with radial cell short; anal cell of wing, if present, with 1 apical vein. Family Dascillidae

wood tar: Pine-wood tar, commonly called Stockholm, or Archangel, tar, is made extensively in the forests of Russia, Sweden, and Finland. It is the residue after the turpentine has been distilled, usually with the aid of steam. It is widely used in manufacturing tarred ropes and twine…

pineal gland, endocrine gland found in vertebrates that is the source of melatonin, a hormone derived from tryptophan that plays a central role in the regulation of circadian rhythm (the roughly 24-hour cycle of biological activities associated with natural periods of light and darkness). The

crustacean: The nervous system: Single median eyes are also found in crustaceans, particularly in the nauplius larvae. Only three or four simple units are usually found in the nauplius eye, which is innervated by a median nerve from the forebrain. The median eye also may persist through to the adult…

pineal gland, endocrine gland found in vertebrates that is the source of melatonin, a hormone derived from tryptophan that plays a central role in the regulation of circadian rhythm (the roughly 24-hour cycle of biological activities associated with natural periods of light and darkness). The

pineal gland, endocrine gland found in vertebrates that is the source of melatonin, a hormone derived from tryptophan that plays a central role in the regulation of circadian rhythm (the roughly 24-hour cycle of biological activities associated with natural periods of light and darkness). The

pineal tumour, mass of abnormal tissue arising in the pineal gland and occurring most often in children and young adults. Pineal tumours are rare. The most frequently occurring of these are germ cell tumours (germinomas and teratomas), which arise from embryonic remnants of germ cells (precursors

pineal gland: Anatomy of the pineal gland: …the gland is composed of pinealocytes (rather typical endocrine cells except for extensions that mingle with those of adjacent cells) and supporting cells that are similar to the astrocytes of the brain. In adults, small deposits of calcium often make the pineal body visible on X-rays. (The pineal gland eventually…

pineapple, (Ananas comosus), perennial plant of the family Bromeliaceae and its edible fruit. Pineapple is native to tropical and subtropical America and has been introduced elsewhere. The fruit has become a characteristic ingredient in the meat, vegetable, fish, and rice dishes of what is loosely

Judd Apatow: …Will Ferrell; the buddy movie Pineapple Express (2008), featuring Rogen and James Franco; and the Jason Segel-starring romantic comedies Forgetting Sarah Marshall (2008) and The Five-Year Engagement (2012). In a change for Apatow, the movie Bridesmaids (2011) and the HBO TV series Girls

Bromeliaceae, the pineapple family of the flowering plants (order Poales), with more than 3,000 species across 56 genera. All but one species are native to the tropical New World and the West Indies. Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) and the edible fruit of the pineapple (Ananas comosus) are the

feijoa, (Acca sellowiana), small evergreen tree of the myrtle family (Myrtaceae), related to the guava. It is native to southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and parts of Argentina and is cultivated in mild dry climates for its sweet fruit. The feijoa was introduced into southern Europe in 1890 and

Nicolas Pineau was a French wood-carver and interior designer, a leader in the development of interior decorating in the light, asymmetric, lavishly decorated Rococo style. After study with the architects François Mansart and Germain Boffrand, Pineau followed his father’s trade. His son, Dominique

pinecone fish, any member of either of two genera of fishes (Cleidopodus and Monocentris) belonging to the family Monocentridae (order Beryciformes), found in deepwater marine habitats of the Indo-Pacific region. The common name comes from the characteristically oval body covered with enlarged,

Pernell Whitaker: …known as super lightweight) champion, Rafael Pineda of Colombia, against whom he won a 12-round decision on July 18, 1992.

Pinehurst, village and year-round resort, Moore county, central North Carolina, U.S., just west of Southern Pines and Aberdeen. The site was first settled in 1895 and named for its location in a pine forest. Pinehurst resembles a New England country village surrounded by fine Georgian-style

Pineiós River, principal stream of Thessaly (Modern Greek: Thessalía), Greece, rising in the Óros (mountains) Lákmos of the Pindus (Píndos) Mountains just east of Métsovon in the nomós (department) of Tríkala; it is navigable in its lower course. In prehistoric times the Pineiós formed a great lake

Philippe Pinel was a French physician who pioneered in the humane treatment of the mentally ill. Arriving in Paris (1778), he supported himself for a number of years by translating scientific and medical works and by teaching mathematics. During that period he also began visiting privately confined

New Jersey: Settlement patterns: Pinelands National Reserve, covering about 1,700 square miles (4,400 square km) in the Outer Coastal Plain, was established in 1978; it was the country’s first national reserve, in which the federal government provided funds for the purchase of a core of undeveloped land while state…

Italy: Terrorism of Italy: One anarchist, Giuseppe Pinelli, died in mysterious circumstances after “falling” from a fourth-floor window of Milan’s central police station. Another anarchist, Pietro Valpreda, was arrested and charged with the Milan bomb attack. The Valpreda and Pinelli cases split Italy and radicalized large sectors of the student and…

pinene, either of two colourless liquid hydrocarbons, α-pinene and β-pinene, occurring as major components of the essential oil of pine trees and used as a chemical raw material. Both compounds belong to the isoprenoid series and have the molecular formula C10H16. They often occur together and are

Moonlight: …though a friend, Kevin (Jaden Piner), tries to teach him.

Sebastián Piñera was a Chilean businessman and politician who served two terms as president of Chile (2010–14; 2018–22). He was the first conservative to lead the country since the end of the dictatorial rule of Gen. Augusto Pinochet in 1990. When Piñera was a baby, his family moved to the United

Sebastián Piñera was a Chilean businessman and politician who served two terms as president of Chile (2010–14; 2018–22). He was the first conservative to lead the country since the end of the dictatorial rule of Gen. Augusto Pinochet in 1990. When Piñera was a baby, his family moved to the United

Virgilio Piñera was a playwright, short-story writer, poet, and essayist who became famous for his work as well as for his highly bohemian lifestyle. His life was one of his most outrageous creations. Piñera’s father was a railroad engineer, and his mother was a schoolteacher. He attended the

Puerto Rico: Political developments: …island’s first Puerto Rican governor, Jesús T. Piñero, and in 1947 the U.S. Congress allowed Puerto Rico to elect its governors by popular vote. Muñoz Marín was elected in November of the following year, and he took office in January 1949. For more than a generation the PPD governed Puerto…

Sir Arthur Wing Pinero was a leading playwright of the late Victorian and Edwardian eras in England who made an important contribution toward creating a self-respecting theatre by helping to found a “social” drama that drew a fashionable audience. It is his farces—literate, superbly constructed,

Pinerolo, town, Piemonte (Piedmont) regione, northwestern Italy. It lies at the entrance to the Valle del Chisone, at the foot of the Alps, southwest of Turin. First mentioned in 996 as a possession of Turin, it belonged to the nearby Benedictine abbey of Santa Maria in 1078. Under the house of