Lough Neagh, lake in east-central Northern Ireland, about 20 miles (32 km) west of Belfast. It is the largest lake in the British Isles, covering 153 square miles (396 square km), with a catchment area of 2,200 square miles (5,700 square km). The chief feeders of the lake are the Upper River Bann,

Owen Josephus Roberts: …commerce law, Roberts’s opinion in Nebbia v. New York (1934) upheld the price-setting activities of the New York State Milk Control Board and provided a legal foundation for government regulation of business “affected with a public interest.” This liberal orientation was also apparent in Roberts’s decisions to uphold the National…

Alberto Fernández: …with popular Argentine rock singer-songwriter Litto Nebbia. Fernández was a fan of Bob Dylan (after whom he named his dog), poet Walt Whitman, and the Argentinos Juniors football (soccer) club. Divorced, he had an adult son, Estanislao Fernández (better known by his Instagram followers as Dyhzy), who gained notoriety as…

testacean: The genus Nebela forms its pear-shaped shell from the plates of other testaceans ingested as food. Arcella, a soil and freshwater genus, resembles an amoeba enclosed in a one-chambered, umbrella-shaped test. Reproduction is asexual, by division or budding, or sexual.

rocket and missile system: Barrage rockets: The 150-millimetre Nebelwerfer, a towed, six-tube launcher, was particularly respected by U.S. and British troops, to whom it was known as the “Screaming Meemie” or “Moaning Minnie” for the eerie sound made by the incoming rockets. Maximum range was more than 6,000 yards (5,500 metres).

Friedrich Rudolf, Freiherr von Canitz: Though his satires (Nebenstunden unterschiedener Gedichte, published posthumously in 1700) are dry and stilted imitations of French and Latin models, they were widely admired and helped to introduce Classical standards of taste and style into German literature.

Mentuhotep II, king (ruled c. 2009–c. 1959 bce) of ancient Egypt’s 11th dynasty (c. 2080–c. 1940 bce) who, starting as the ruler of southernmost Egypt in about 2009 bce, reunified the country by defeating his rivals and ushered in the period known as the Middle Kingdom (c. 1980–c. 1760 bce). At his

Balkanabat, city and administrative centre of Balkan oblast (province), western Turkmenistan. It is located at the southern foot of the Bolshoy (Great) Balkhan Ridge. The city’s former name, Nebitdag, means “Oil Mountain,” and it is the headquarters of the Turkmen oil industry. Balkanabat grew up

Balkanabat, city and administrative centre of Balkan oblast (province), western Turkmenistan. It is located at the southern foot of the Bolshoy (Great) Balkhan Ridge. The city’s former name, Nebitdag, means “Oil Mountain,” and it is the headquarters of the Turkmen oil industry. Balkanabat grew up

sand dune: Fixed dunes in semiarid regions: These forms are known as coppice dunes, or nebkha. Further, in many regions that are now subhumid or humid, one finds areas of older dunes fixed by vegetation, providing undeniable evidence that these regions were once more arid than they are today. On the North American high plains, in Hungary,…

Neblina Peak, peak in the Imeri Mountains, Amazonas estado (state), northern Brazil, near the Venezuelan border. Reaching 9,888 feet (3,014 metres) above sea level, it is the highest point in Brazil. Until Neblina was discovered in 1962, Bandeira Peak was thought to be Brazil’s highest

Nabu, major god in the Assyro-Babylonian pantheon. He was patron of the art of writing and a god of vegetation. Nabu’s symbols were the clay tablet and the stylus, the instruments held to be proper to him who inscribed the fates assigned to men by the gods. In the Old Testament, the worship of Nebo

Mount Nebo, mountain rising 11,877 feet (3,620 metres) in Juab county, north-central Utah, U.S. It is the highest peak in the Wasatch Range. Named after the mountain in Jordan where Moses is believed to have died, Utah’s Mount Nebo lies within the Uinta National Forest. A 44-square-mile

astronomy: Prehistory: The sky disk of Nebra, a circular bronze plate with areas of applied gold foil, is much clearer as astronomical imagery. It was found in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, and dates from about 1600 bce. Its golden images include the crescent Moon, probably the Sun (or perhaps the…

Alexander Payne: Payne next helmed the black-and-white Nebraska (2013), which centered on a crotchety senior citizen’s cross-country quest, with his son, to cash in a lottery ticket; the dramedy earned Payne his third Oscar nomination for best director. He then ventured into science fiction with the satire Downsizing (2017), which he also…

Bruce Springsteen: From Born to Run to Born in the U.S.A.: Nebraska (1982), a stark set of acoustic songs, most in some way concerned with death, was an unusual interlude. It was Born in the U.S.A. (1984) and his subsequent 18-month world tour that cinched Springsteen’s reputation as the preeminent writer-performer of his rock-and-roll period. The…

Nebraska, constituent state of the United States of America. It was admitted to the union as the 37th state on March 1, 1867. Nebraska is bounded by the state of South Dakota to the north, with the Missouri River making up about one-fourth of that boundary and the whole of Nebraska’s boundaries

University of Nebraska: The Museum of Nebraska Art is located at the Kearney campus, and the Center for Afghanistan Studies is found at the Omaha campus.

Kansas-Nebraska Act, in the antebellum period of U.S. history, critical national policy change concerning the expansion of slavery into the territories, affirming the concept of popular sovereignty over congressional edict. In 1820 the Missouri Compromise had excluded slavery from that part of the

Nebraska City, city, seat (1854) of Otoe county, southeastern Nebraska, U.S., on the Missouri River at the Iowa border, about 40 miles (65 km) south of Omaha. Oto Indians were early inhabitants. The Lewis and Clark Expedition visited the site in 1804. The community originated around Fort Kearny

buffalo berry, (Shepherdia argentea), hardy flowering shrub of the oleaster family (Elaeagnaceae), growing wild along stream banks in the Great Plains of North America. Because it is tolerant of windswept sites on dry rocky soil, it is valued as an ornamental and hedge plant where other shrubs

Bellevue: The state’s first newspaper, the Nebraska Palladium, was published there in 1854. It served as county seat from 1857 to 1875. An 1830s log cabin and the Fontenelle Bank, once used as the city hall (1856), are preserved. The establishment nearby of the Martin Bomber Plant (1941) at Fort Crook…

Nebraska: Constitutional framework: …single-house system known as the Nebraska Unicameral. The 49 members, known as senators, are popularly elected to four-year terms following primary and runoff elections in their districts, which are proportioned equally by population. The legislature meets for sessions of 90 legislative days in odd-numbered years and 60 days in even-numbered…

U.S. state flag consisting of a dark blue field (background) with the state seal in the centre.On March 28, 1925, Nebraska became the last of the contiguous 48 states to adopt a flag of its own. The flag design was promoted by many people, including Mrs. B.C. Miller, who wrote “The Flag Song of

University of Nebraska, state university system of Nebraska, U.S., composed of four coeducational campuses. It is a land-grant university with a comprehensive academic program; it is also a research institution. The main campus at Lincoln, through its 10 colleges and its graduate studies program,

Nebraskan Glacial Stage, major division of Pleistocene time and deposits in North America (the Pleistocene Epoch occurred from 2.6 million to 11,700 years ago). The Nebraskan Glacial Stage is the oldest generally recognized Pleistocene episode of widespread glaciation in North America; the

Lebrija, city, Sevilla provincia (province), in the Andalusia comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), southwestern Spain. It is located south of the city of Sevilla in the lower basin of the Guadalquivir River. Founded as Nebritza by the Phoenicians, it was called Nebrixa by the Romans, Nebrisa

Romance languages: The standardization of the Romance languages: …accompanied by the appearance of Antonio de Nebrija’s Gramática Castellana (“Grammar of the Castilian Language”), which argues the need for an ennobled language fit for imperial exportation. In 16th-century France, with the Renaissance backed by the Reformation and the advent of printing, French really assumed the remaining scholarly, scientific, and

Lebrija, city, Sevilla provincia (province), in the Andalusia comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), southwestern Spain. It is located south of the city of Sevilla in the lower basin of the Guadalquivir River. Founded as Nebritza by the Phoenicians, it was called Nebrixa by the Romans, Nebrisa

Lebrija, city, Sevilla provincia (province), in the Andalusia comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), southwestern Spain. It is located south of the city of Sevilla in the lower basin of the Guadalquivir River. Founded as Nebritza by the Phoenicians, it was called Nebrixa by the Romans, Nebrisa

nurse shark: …the tawny nurse shark (N. ferrugineus) and the shorttail nurse shark (P. brevicaudatum). They are not related to the sand tiger shark (Carcharias taurus)—a type of sand shark inhabiting the waters above the continental shelves in most warm and temperate regions—which is sometimes referred to as the gray nurse…

Lebrija, city, Sevilla provincia (province), in the Andalusia comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), southwestern Spain. It is located south of the city of Sevilla in the lower basin of the Guadalquivir River. Founded as Nebritza by the Phoenicians, it was called Nebrixa by the Romans, Nebrisa

Nephthys, Greek form of the name of the Egyptian goddess Nebtho. She seems to have been artificially created in apposition to Isis to be a second sister to the god Osiris and wife to his brother Set (Setekh). She plays practically no part outside the myth of Osiris, in which her only function is to

Nebuchadrezzar I was the most famous Babylonian king (reigned 1119–1098 bce) of the 2nd dynasty of the Isin. In revenge for earlier humiliating conquests and defeats that the Elamites had inflicted on Babylonia, Nebuchadrezzar led a grand campaign that resulted in the capture of Susa, the capital

Nebuchadnezzar II was the second and greatest king of the Chaldean dynasty of Babylonia (reigned c. 605–c. 561 bce). He was known for his military might, the splendour of his capital, Babylon, and his important part in Jewish history. Nebuchadnezzar II was the eldest son and successor of

Nebuchadrezzar I was the most famous Babylonian king (reigned 1119–1098 bce) of the 2nd dynasty of the Isin. In revenge for earlier humiliating conquests and defeats that the Elamites had inflicted on Babylonia, Nebuchadrezzar led a grand campaign that resulted in the capture of Susa, the capital

Nebuchadnezzar II was the second and greatest king of the Chaldean dynasty of Babylonia (reigned c. 605–c. 561 bce). He was known for his military might, the splendour of his capital, Babylon, and his important part in Jewish history. Nebuchadnezzar II was the eldest son and successor of

nebula, any of the various tenuous clouds of gas and dust that occur in interstellar space. The term was formerly applied to any object outside the solar system that had a diffuse appearance rather than a pointlike image, as in the case of a star. This definition, adopted at a time when very

Nebula Award, any of various annual awards presented by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA). Although the SFWA is open to writers, editors, illustrators, agents, and others, only “active members” (published writers) are eligible to vote for the awards, which are currently

accretion disk, a disklike flow of gas, plasma, dust, or particles around any astronomical object in which the material orbiting in the gravitational field of the object loses energy and angular momentum as it slowly spirals inward. In astrophysics, the term accretion refers to the growth in mass

astronomy: Laplace: …what is now called Laplace’s nebular hypothesis, a theory of the origin of the solar system. Laplace imagined that the planets had condensed from the primitive solar atmosphere, which originally extended far beyond the limits of the present-day system. As this cloud gradually contracted under the effects of gravity, it…

T Tauri star, any of a class of very young stars having a mass of the same order as that of the Sun. So called after a prototype identified in a bright region of gas and dust known as the Hind’s variable nebula, the T Tauri stars are characterized by erratic changes in brightness. They represent

nebulium, hypothetical chemical element whose existence was suggested in 1868 by the English astronomer Sir William Huggins as one possible explanation for the presence of unidentified (forbidden) lines (at 3,726, 3,729, 4,959, and 5,007 angstroms wavelength) in the spectra of gaseous nebulae. In

Labour Party: Policy and structure: …conference is to elect the National Executive Committee (NEC), which oversees the party’s day-to-day affairs. Twelve members of the NEC are elected by trade union delegates, seven by CLPs, five by women delegates, one by youth delegates, and one by delegates from affiliated socialist societies.

NEC Corporation, major Japanese multinational corporation, producer of telecommunications equipment and related software and services. Headquarters are in Tokyo. Nippon Electric Company, Ltd. (NEC; officially NEC Corporation in 1983), was founded in 1899 with funding from the Western Electric

Czech Republic: History of the Czech Republic: …appointed a fellow Civic Democrat, Petr Nečas, as prime minister. Nečas headed a new coalition government comprising the Civic Democratic Party and two other right-of-centre parties. Although the Czech Social Democratic Party had garnered the most votes in the parliamentary elections held in late May, the three centre-right parties together…

İsa Necati was the first great lyric poet of Ottoman Turkish literature. Necati was probably born a slave; while still very young, he went to the city of Kastamonu and began to develop his skill in calligraphy and his reputation as a poet. About 1480, he journeyed to the Ottoman capital,

Turkish literature: Modern Turkish literature: Behçet Necatigil chose a distinct poetic path, eventually creating poems that are models of brevity and wit; they occasionally refer obliquely to the Ottoman culture of the past. Sevgilerde (1976; “Among the Beloveds”) is a collection of his earlier poetry. Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca wrote modernist…

hookworm: …parasitic worms of the genera Necator and Ancylostoma belonging to the class Nematoda (phylum Aschelminthes) that infest the intestines of humans, dogs, and cats.

hookworm disease: …in its adult stage, and N. americanus has plates in its mouth rather than teeth.

C.K. Stead: The Necessary Angel (2017) follows academics in Paris. Stead reminisced about his own early life in South-West of Eden: A Memoir, 1932–1956 (2010). His next autobiography, You Have a Lot to Lose (2020), covered events from 1956 to 1986.

condition: … is said to be a necessary condition for P. Thus, a severed spinal column is a sufficient, but not a necessary, condition for death; while lack of consciousness is a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for death. In any case in which P is both a necessary and a…

Colin Wilson: Among his works are Necessary Doubt (1964), The Mind Parasites (1967), A Casebook of Murder (1970), Starseekers (1980), The Quest for Wilhelm Reich (1981), and Poltergeist! (1981).

Christianity: The ontological argument: This hinges upon “necessary existence,” a property with even higher value than “existence.” A being that necessarily exists cannot coherently be thought not to exist. And so God, as the unsurpassably perfect being, must have necessary existence—and therefore must exist. This argument, however, has been criticized as failing…

Noam Chomsky: Politics of Noam Chomsky: As he wrote in Necessary Illusions (1988):

Lisbon: City layout: Farther west, toward Belém, Necessidades Palace houses the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

formal logic: Alternative systems of modal logic: …theorem so is Lα (the rule of necessitation). The intuitive rationale of this rule is that, in a sound axiomatic system, it is expected that every instance of a theorem α will be not merely true but necessarily true—and in that case every instance of Lα will be true.

criminal law: Mitigating circumstances and other defenses: …himself to be acting under necessity. The doctrine of necessity in Anglo-American law relates to situations in which a person, confronted by the overwhelming pressure of natural forces, must make a choice between evils and engages in conduct that would otherwise be considered criminal. In the oft-cited case of United…

necessity, in logic and metaphysics, a modal property of a true proposition whereby it is not possible for the proposition to be false and of a false proposition whereby it is not possible for the proposition to be true. A proposition is logically necessary if it instantiates a law of logic or can

Henry Kissinger: Early life, academic career, and initial government service: That book and The Necessity for Choice (1960), in which Kissinger limited his concept of flexible response to conventional forces and warned of a “missile gap” between the Soviet Union and the United States, had a significant impact on the activities of the Kennedy administration.

Percy Bysshe Shelley: …to admit Shelley’s authorship of The Necessity of Atheism. Hogg submitted to his family, but Shelley refused to apologize to his.

Battle of Fort Necessity: The fight at Fort Necessity occurred on the heels of the Battle of Jumonville Glen (May 28), often cited as the opening battle of the French and Indian War. In the earlier skirmish, Washington and his Indian allies had ambushed Joseph Coulon de Villiers, Sieur de Jumonville and…

Sergey Gennadiyevich Nechayev was a Russian revolutionary known for his organizational scheme for a professional revolutionary party and for his ruthless murder of one of the members of his organization. During 1868–69 Nechayev participated in the student revolutionary movement in St. Petersburg

Nechako River, major tributary of the Fraser River, in central British Columbia, Canada. It originates at Kenney Dam and flows eastward for nearly 150 miles (240 km), draining the Nechako Plateau into the Fraser at Prince George, B.C. Stuart River, a 258-mile- (415-kilometre-) long tributary, joins

Necho II was a king of Egypt (reigned 610–595 bce), and a member of the 26th dynasty, who unsuccessfully attempted to aid Assyria against the Neo-Babylonians and later sponsored an expedition that circumnavigated Africa. According to the Greek historian Herodotus, Necho began the construction of a

Sergey Gennadiyevich Nechayev was a Russian revolutionary known for his organizational scheme for a professional revolutionary party and for his ruthless murder of one of the members of his organization. During 1868–69 Nechayev participated in the student revolutionary movement in St. Petersburg

Necho I was the governor of Sais, a city of the Egyptian Nile delta, under the Assyrians and ancestor of the 26th dynasty; he survived the frequent changes of political fortune in Lower Egypt between 670 and 660. Necho’s ancestor was probably a prince of Libyan descent of the 24th Egyptian dynasty.

Necho II was a king of Egypt (reigned 610–595 bce), and a member of the 26th dynasty, who unsuccessfully attempted to aid Assyria against the Neo-Babylonians and later sponsored an expedition that circumnavigated Africa. According to the Greek historian Herodotus, Necho began the construction of a

Ivan Levitsky was a Ukrainian Realist novelist of the postserfdom reform period. He drew upon his background as a seminary student and, later, a provincial teacher, to depict the educated and lower classes in some of the earliest social novels in Ukrainian literature. His works include Prichepa

Ivan Levitsky was a Ukrainian Realist novelist of the postserfdom reform period. He drew upon his background as a seminary student and, later, a provincial teacher, to depict the educated and lower classes in some of the earliest social novels in Ukrainian literature. His works include Prichepa

Nechung oracle, oracle-priest of Tibet who, until the conquest of Tibet in 1959 by the People’s Republic of China, was consulted on all important occasions. The priest chosen to be the Nechung oracle was the chief medium of Pe-har, a popular folk divinity incorporated into Buddhism, and resided at

Ivan Levitsky was a Ukrainian Realist novelist of the postserfdom reform period. He drew upon his background as a seminary student and, later, a provincial teacher, to depict the educated and lower classes in some of the earliest social novels in Ukrainian literature. His works include Prichepa

neck, in land vertebrates, the portion of the body joining the head to the shoulders and chest. Some important structures contained in or passing through the neck include the seven cervical vertebrae and enclosed spinal cord, the jugular veins and carotid arteries, part of the esophagus, the larynx

stringed instrument: Morphology: At the top of the neck is the nut, which is grooved to take the strings, keeping them correctly spaced apart and slightly raised over the fingerboard. The neck is raked back at an angle with the plane of the belly, so that the fingerboard rises with the strings toward…

head and neck cancer, any of a group of malignant diseases that originate variously in the oral cavity (including the lips and the mouth), the nasal cavity, the paranasal sinuses, the larynx (voicebox), the pharynx (throat), or the salivary glands. Incidence rates for head and neck cancer vary

capital punishment: Historical considerations: …be known as the “neck verse” (for its power to save one’s neck). To ensure that an offender could escape death only once through benefit of clergy, he was branded on the brawn of the thumb (M for murder or T for theft). Branding was abolished in 1779, and…

Portland, city, seat (1760) of Cumberland county, southwestern Maine, U.S. The state’s largest city, it is the hub of a metropolitan statistical area that includes the cities of South Portland and Westbrook and the towns of Falmouth, Cape Elizabeth, Cumberland, Freeport, Gorham, Scarborough,

Alexander Neckam was an English schoolman and scientist, who was a theology instructor at Oxford, and, from 1213, was an Augustinian abbot at Cirencester, Gloucestershire. His textbook De utensilibus (“On Instruments”) is the earliest known European writing to mention the magnetic compass as an aid

Neckar River, river, a right-bank tributary of the Rhine in southwestern Germany; it is 228 miles (367 km) long, rising in the Black Forest (Schwarzwald) near Schwenningen am Neckar, near the headwaters of the Danube River. The Neckar flows north and northeast, along the northwestern edge of the

Baden-Württemberg: The fertile Neckarland region is one of the most densely populated areas of Germany. There is a profusion of vineyards along the Neckar and its many tributaries. Other produce grown in the region includes potatoes, sugar beets, and a variety of fruits and vegetables, together with some…

illusion: Visual perceptual illusions: …and object reversibility is the Necker cube, which may seem to flip-flop. Some studies have suggested that younger people tend to perceive these reversals more readily than do their elders.

Albertine-Adrienne Necker de Saussure was a Swiss woman of letters and author of a long-influential study on the education of women. She was the daughter of a distinguished Swiss naturalist, and she married a noted botanist who was the nephew and namesake of Louis XVI’s finance minister, Jacques

Oceanic art and architecture: Polynesia: …resembles small stone figures from Necker Island, the most northerly of the Hawaiian group. These are posed frontally, have circular faces with clumsily delineated features, and may date from about the 10th century. They would seem to be representative of an ancestral Polynesian carving style and are the earliest sculpture…

Germaine de Staël was a French-Swiss woman of letters, political propagandist, and conversationalist, who epitomized the European culture of her time, bridging the history of ideas from Neoclassicism to Romanticism. She also gained fame by maintaining a salon for leading intellectuals. Her writings

Jacques Necker was a Swiss banker and director general of finance (1771–81, 1788–89, 1789–90) under Louis XVI of France. He was overpraised in his lifetime for his somewhat dubious skill with public finances and unduly deprecated by historians for his alleged vacillation and lack of statesmanship

Suzanne Necker was a Swiss hostess of a brilliant Parisian salon and the wife of Jacques Necker, the finance minister under King Louis XVI of France. At first she was engaged to the English historian Edward Gibbon, but his father broke off the match. In 1764 she married Necker, then a banker, and

encyclopaedia: Three stages of development: …fully appreciated: the English scholar Alexander Neckham, in his early 13th-century De naturis rerum (“On the Natures of Things”), hoped that by imparting knowledge he might help to lift or lighten the human spirit, and to this end he tried to maintain a simple and admirably clear text. Neckham’s near-contemporary…

human sexual activity: Social control of sexual activity: Petting among most preliterate societies is done only as a prelude to coitus—as foreplay—rather than as an end in itself. In some parts of sub-Saharan Africa, however, petting is used as a premarital substitute for coitus in order to preserve virginity and avoid pregnancy. There…

order: …order) of three parts; the necking, which is a continuation of the shaft but which is set off from it visually by one or more narrow grooves; the echinus, a circular block that bulges outward at its uppermost portion in order to better support the abacus; and the abacus itself,…

materials testing: Measures of ductility: …steel, for example, may “neck” (assume an hourglass shape) in response to stress. If the material is ductile, this local deformation is permanent, and the test piece does not assume its former shape if the stress is removed. With sufficiently high stress, fracture occurs.

jewelry: Egyptian: Necklace beads—generally made of gold, stones, or glazed ceramic—are cylindrical, spherical, or in the shape of spindles or disks and are nearly always used in alternating colours and forms in many rows. The necklaces have two distinct main forms. One, called menat, was the exclusive…

carpet shark: Taxonomy and notable characteristics: …in the order are the necklace carpet shark (Parascyllium variolatum), the ornate wobbegong (Orectolobus ornatus), and the zebra shark. The tasseled wobbegong (Eucrossorhinus dasypogon) has an especially unusual appearance, with fringed lobes of skin on its head and a similar beard of lobes on its chin.

combinatorics: Polya’s theorem: …is required to make a necklace of n beads out of an infinite supply of beads of k different colours. The number of different necklaces, c (n, k), that can be made is given by the reciprocal of n times a sum of terms of the type ϕ(n) kn/d, in…

Affair of the Diamond Necklace, scandal at the court of Louis XVI in 1785 that discredited the French monarchy on the eve of the French Revolution. It began as an intrigue on the part of an adventuress, the comtesse (countess) de La Motte, to procure, supposedly for Queen Marie-Antoinette but in

short story: French writers: …“Ball of Tallow”) and “The Necklace” (1881) the plot is too contrived, the reversing irony too neat, and the artifice too apparent. In other stories, like “The House of Madame Tellier” (1881), Maupassant’s easy and fluid prose captures the innocence and the corruption of human behaviour.

baneberry, (genus Actaea), any of about eight species of perennial herbaceous plants in the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae); they are all native to north temperate zone woodlands. The white baneberry (A. pachypoda; sometimes A. alba), which is native to North America, is 30 to 45 cm (12 to 18

Jan Švankmajer: …film, Něco z Alenky (1988; Alice), is a sinister adaptation of Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (1865). The film combines animation, puppetry, and live action to evoke a fantasy-like quality while distorting these elements to create an ominous atmosphere.

velvet crab, any of certain species in the swimming crab (q.v.)

checkered beetle: The red-legged ham beetle (Necrobia rufipes) feeds on stored meats. Some Trichodes and Hydnocera species are pollen eaters. The predatory larvae feed mainly on wood- and bark-boring beetles and are therefore beneficial to man.

necrosis: …tissue, which is known as necrobiosis. Necrosis is further distinguished from apoptosis, or programmed cell death, which is internally regulated by cells, plays a critical role in embryonic development, and serves as a protective mechanism against disease and other factors.