Gower: The Mumbles, a popular resort area at Oystermouth, takes its name from the French mamelles (“breasts”), a reference to the two small islands off the coast. Farther west are large stretches of sand dunes, such as Llangennith and Whitford Burrows. The latter, together with parts…

mumblety-peg, game of skill played with a knife, usually a jackknife. The game was played as early as the 17th century in the British Isles. The object of the game is for each player to flip or toss the knife in a progression of moves such that, after each one, the knife sticks in the ground and

mumblety-peg, game of skill played with a knife, usually a jackknife. The game was played as early as the 17th century in the British Isles. The object of the game is for each player to flip or toss the knife in a progression of moves such that, after each one, the knife sticks in the ground and

Ishmael Reed: Mumbo Jumbo (1972), Reed’s most-celebrated novel, pits proponents of rationalism and militarism against believers in the magical and the intuitive. The Last Days of Louisiana Red (1974) is a detective story set amid the racial violence of Berkeley in the 1960s. Flight to Canada (1976)…

Kikuchi Kan: His story “Mumei sakka no nikki” (1918; “Diary of an Unknown Writer”) reveals frankly his envy of the success of his former classmates. Although a prolific writer, he wrote much of his best work in the short period between 1917 and 1920. Kikuchi’s writing shows little speculative…

Mumford & Sons, British folk-rock band noted for its raucous, fast-paced, sonically dense instrumentation and for lyrics that have a spiritual focus subtly grounded in Christianity. The group’s members include Marcus Mumford (b. January 31, 1987, Anaheim, California, U.S.), Ben Lovett (b. September

Catherine Booth was the wife of the founder of the Salvation Army (William Booth), and herself an eloquent preacher and social worker. Her father was a carriage builder and sometime Methodist lay preacher, her mother a deeply religious woman of Puritan type. Catherine, in adolescence an invalid,

David Mumford is a British-born mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1974 for his work in algebraic geometry. Mumford attended Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S. (B.A., 1957; Ph.D., 1961), staying on to join the faculty upon graduation. He served as vice president

David Mumford is a British-born mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1974 for his work in algebraic geometry. Mumford attended Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S. (B.A., 1957; Ph.D., 1961), staying on to join the faculty upon graduation. He served as vice president

Lewis Mumford was an American architectural critic, urban planner, and historian who analyzed the effects of technology and urbanization on human societies throughout history. Mumford studied at the City College of New York and at the New School for Social Research. While a student he was

Mumford & Sons: The group’s members include Marcus Mumford (b. January 31, 1987, Anaheim, California, U.S.), Ben Lovett (b. September 30, 1986, London, England), Winston Marshall (b. December 20, 1987, London, England), and Ted Dwane (b. August 15, 1984, London, England).

Munster, the southwestern province of Ireland, comprising the counties of Clare, Cork, Kerry, Limerick, Tipperary, and Waterford. It was historically one of the “Five Fifths” (ancient provinces, or kingdoms) of Ireland. Geographically, the area is divided by the Sliabh Luachra Mountains into

mumming play: Mummers were originally bands of masked persons who during winter festivals in Europe paraded the streets and entered houses to dance or play dice in silence. “Momerie” was a popular amusement between the 13th and 16th century. In the 16th century it was absorbed by…

George Moore: …A Modern Lover (1883) and A Mummer’s Wife (1885), introduced a new note of French Naturalism into the English scene, and he later adopted the realistic techniques of Gustave Flaubert and Honoré de Balzac. Esther Waters (1894), his best novel, deals with the plight of a servant girl who has…

mumming play, traditional dramatic entertainment, still performed in a few villages in England and Northern Ireland, in which a champion is killed in a fight and is then brought to life by a doctor. It is thought likely that the play has links with primitive ceremonies held to mark important stages

mumming play, traditional dramatic entertainment, still performed in a few villages in England and Northern Ireland, in which a champion is killed in a fight and is then brought to life by a doctor. It is thought likely that the play has links with primitive ceremonies held to mark important stages

Albert Frederick Mummery was an English mountaineer who was the first to climb several Alpine peaks, including Dent du Requin, Col des Cortes, and Zmutt Ridge of the Matterhorn. Mummery was very sickly as a child, but he overcame his physical handicaps and myopia to become a daring climber. He

mummy, body embalmed, naturally preserved, or treated for burial with preservatives after the manner of the ancient Egyptians. The process varied from age to age in Egypt, but it always involved removing the internal organs (though in a late period they were replaced after treatment), treating the

theatre: The Middle Ages in Europe: …cast, while in the Christmas Mumming at Hertford the young king Henry VI saw a performance consisting of “a disguysing of the rude upplandisshe people compleynynge on hir wyves, with the boystous aunswere of hir wyves.”

mumming play, traditional dramatic entertainment, still performed in a few villages in England and Northern Ireland, in which a champion is killed in a fight and is then brought to life by a doctor. It is thought likely that the play has links with primitive ceremonies held to mark important stages

Lucius Mummius was a Roman statesman and general who crushed the uprising of the Achaean Confederacy against Roman rule in Greece and destroyed the ancient city of Corinth. As praetor and proconsul in 153–152, Mummius defeated the rebellious Lusitanians in southwestern Spain. In 152 he celebrated a

Mesopotamian religion: Myths: …in this by his page Mummu, “the original (watery) form.” When the youngest of the gods, the clever Ea (Sumerian: Enki), heard about the planned attack he forestalled it by means of a powerful spell with which he poured slumber on Apsu, killed him, and built his temple over him.…

mummy, body embalmed, naturally preserved, or treated for burial with preservatives after the manner of the ancient Egyptians. The process varied from age to age in Egypt, but it always involved removing the internal organs (though in a late period they were replaced after treatment), treating the

Dwayne Johnson: …screen, and his appearance in The Mummy Returns (2001) signaled a new stage in his career. Although Johnson was neither the first nor the last professional wrestler to be courted by Hollywood, he was easily the most successful. He followed The Mummy Returns with The Scorpion King (2002) and The…

The Mummy, American horror film, released in 1932, that is considered a classic of the genre, especially known for Boris Karloff’s performance in the title role. Karloff played an ancient Egyptian priest called Im-Ho-Tep who was buried alive. After nearly 4,000 years, however, he is brought back to

Raiders of the Lost Ark: Development: …such as The Goonies (1985), The Mummy (1999), Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (2001), and Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003). In 2000 Raiders of the Lost Ark was rereleased under the title Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark to conform with the…

Russell Crowe: …Jekyll in the action-horror film The Mummy. He later assumed the role of a Baptist preacher who sends his son to a gay conversion therapy program in Boy Erased (2018), which was based on a memoir of the same name (2016). In 2019 Crowe was cast as Roger Ailes, the…

koan: …an earlier compilation; and the Wu-men kuan (Japanese: Mumon-kan), a collection of 48 koans compiled in 1228 by the Chinese priest Hui-k’ai (known also as Wu-men). Compare zazen.

mumps , acute contagious disease caused by a virus and characterized by inflammatory swelling of the salivary glands. It frequently occurs as an epidemic and most commonly affects young persons who are between 5 and 15 years of age. The incubation period is about 17 to 21 days after contact; danger

Mumtaz Mahal, (born c. 1593—died June 17, 1631, Burhanpur, India), wife of Shah Jahān, Mughal emperor of India (1628–58). Having died at a young age only a few years into her husband’s reign, her memory inspired the construction of the Taj Mahal, where she is entombed. Born Arjumand Banu, she was a

Ivan Turgenev: First novels of Ivan Turgenev: Although Turgenev wrote “Mumu,” a remarkable exposure of the cruelties of serfdom, while detained in St. Petersburg, his work was evolving toward such extended character studies as Yakov Pasynkov (1855) and the subtle if pessimistic examinations of the contrariness of love found in “Faust” and “A Correspondence” (1856).…

Adamawa-Ubangi languages: The two largest are Mumuye (500,000 speakers) and Tupuri (250,000). The Adamawa group contains the least-studied languages in the Niger-Congo family.

Kamo Chōmei: …he began work on his Mumyō shō (“Nameless Notes”), an extremely valuable collection of critical comments, anecdotes, and poetic lore. In 1214 or 1215 he is believed to have completed his Hosshin shū (“Examples of Religious Vocation”). His other works include a selection of his own poems (probably compiled in…

Mon, people living in the eastern delta region of Myanmar (Burma) and in west-central Thailand, numbering in the early 21st century somewhere between one and five million, though less than a third speak the Mon language. The Mon have lived in their present area for more than 1,200 years, and they

Mun River, main river system of the Khorat Plateau, in eastern Thailand. The Mun rises in the San Kamphaeng Range northeast of Bangkok and flows east for 418 miles (673 km), receiving the Chi River, its main tributary, and entering the Mekong River at the Laotian border. Nakhon Ratchasima and Ubon

Albert, count de Mun was a French Christian Socialist leader and orator who advocated Roman Catholicism as an instrument of social reform. After leaving the military school at Saint-Cyr, Mun saw active service in Algeria (1862) and in the Franco-German War and later fought against the Paris

Albert, count de Mun was a French Christian Socialist leader and orator who advocated Roman Catholicism as an instrument of social reform. After leaving the military school at Saint-Cyr, Mun saw active service in Algeria (1862) and in the Franco-German War and later fought against the Paris

Thomas Mun was an English writer on economics who gave the first clear and vigorous statement of the theory of the balance of trade. Mun came into public prominence in England during the economic depression of 1620. Many people had blamed the East India Company for the economic downturn because the

Muna Island: The Muna, a Muslim people speaking an Austronesian language, practice agriculture, raising rice and tubers. Their other food sources are sago and sea cucumbers. The hoglike babirusa and the marsupial cuscus are found on the island. The main town and principal port is Raha, on the…

Muna Island, island and kabupaten (regency), Southeast Sulawesi (Sulawesi Tenggara) propinsi (or provinsi; province), Indonesia. The island lies in the Flores Sea south of the southeastern arm of Celebes. With an area of 658 square miles (1,704 square km), it has a hilly surface, rising to 1,460

Alor Islands: … (5,791 feet [1,765 metres]) and Muna (4,724 feet [1,440 metres]), are both old volcanoes. Alor is broken up by steep ravines, with only one plateau and some small coastal plains. Pantar Island is high (Mount Delaki rises to 4,324 feet [1,318 metres]), with a rugged coast. The inhabitants speak languages…

Munakata Shikō was a Japanese woodblock artist whose vivid works are known for their bold, random, and vigorous cutting. Munakata, the son of a blacksmith, showed an avid interest in art from childhood, despite limited schooling. In 1924 he went to Tokyo, studied woodblock printing with Hiratsuka

Estonia: Relief and drainage: …is the Haanja Upland, containing Suur Munamägi (Great Egg Hill), which, at 1,043 feet (318 metres), is the highest point in Estonia.

Monastir, city in eastern Tunisia. It lies at the tip of a small peninsula protruding into the Mediterranean Sea between the Gulf of Hammamet and the Bay of Al-Munastīr. The ruins of Ruspinum, a Phoenician and Roman settlement, are 3 miles (5 km) to the west of the city. Monastir is now a port and,

Uzbekistan: Education: …as they called themselves, included Munawwar Qari in Tashkent, Mahmud Khoja Behbudiy in Samarkand, Sadriddin Ayniy in Bukhara, and ʿAshur ʿAli Zahiriy in Kokand (Qŭqon). They exerted a strong influence on education during the initial decades of the Soviet period, and their methods and aims have reemerged since independence.

Organization of the Islamic Cooperation, an Islamic organization established in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in May 1971, following summits by Muslim heads of state and government in 1969 and by Muslim foreign ministers in 1970. The membership includes Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin,

Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, Arab organization formed in January 1968 to promote international economic cooperation within the petroleum industry. Chairmanship rotates annually; meetings occur twice yearly. Member countries include Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait,

Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), umbrella political organization claiming to represent the world’s Palestinians—those Arabs, and their descendants, who lived in mandated Palestine before the creation there of the State of Israel in 1948. It was formed in 1964 to centralize the leadership of

Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), umbrella political organization claiming to represent the world’s Palestinians—those Arabs, and their descendants, who lived in mandated Palestine before the creation there of the State of Israel in 1948. It was formed in 1964 to centralize the leadership of

Chip Hanauer: …Van Lines team to replace Bill Muncey, who had been killed in a 1981 accident. Hanauer won five races—including a come-from-behind victory for his first Gold Cup, the equivalent of auto racing’s Indianapolis 500—and ended the year with his first national and world championships. In 1983 he was the fastest…

Charles Munch was a conductor known for his interpretations of works by Johannes Brahms, Claude Debussy, and Maurice Ravel. After studying violin in Paris and Berlin, he became professor of violin at the Strasbourg Conservatoire, leader of the Strasbourg Orchestra (1919–25), and later leader of the

Edvard Munch was a Norwegian painter and printmaker whose intensely evocative treatment of psychological themes built upon some of the main tenets of late 19th-century Symbolism and greatly influenced German Expressionism in the early 20th century. His painting The Scream, or The Cry (1893), can be

Peter Andreas Munch was a historian and university professor who was one of the founders of the Norwegian nationalist school of historiography. Writing during the period of romantic nationalism, Munch, along with Jakob Rudolf Keyser, promoted the idea that the Norwegians, as opposed to the Danes

Peter Rochegune Munch was a historian and politician who as Danish foreign minister in the 1930s attempted to maintain Danish neutrality and independence during the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler in Germany. After a career as a historian of modern Europe, Munch entered the Danish Parliament in 1909

Baron Munchausen, fictional character created by R.E. Raspe, based on the real-life German storyteller Karl Friedrich Hieronymus, Baron (Freiherr) von

Baron Münchhausen was a Hanoverian storyteller, some of whose tales were the basis for the collection The Adventures of Baron Munchausen. Münchhausen served with the Russian army against the Turks and retired to his estates as a country gentleman in 1760. He became famous throughout Hanover as a

Munich, city, capital of Bavaria Land (state), southern Germany. It is Bavaria’s largest city and the third largest city in Germany (after Berlin and Hamburg). Munich, by far the largest city in southern Germany, lies about 30 miles (50 km) north of the edge of the Alps and along the Isar River,

Mönchengladbach, city, North Rhine–Westphalia Land (state), western Germany. It lies near the border with the Netherlands, west of Düsseldorf. It developed around a Benedictine monastery (founded in 972, suppressed in 1802), from which the name Mönchengladbach (“Monks’ Gladbach”) is derived, and it

Beer Hall Putsch, abortive attempt by Adolf Hitler and Erich Ludendorff to start an insurrection in Germany against the Weimar Republic on November 8–9, 1923. The regime of the Weimar Republic was challenged from both right and left in Germany throughout the early 1920s, and there was widespread

Karl Leberecht Immermann: The novel Münchhausen (1838–39) consists of two parts: a highly satirical and ludicrous portrayal of an idle and mendacious aristocrat, and a solidly visualized portrayal of peasants rooted in their work and in their countryside. In this latter section Immermann glorifies the sturdy respectability of the peasantry,…

Baron Münchhausen was a Hanoverian storyteller, some of whose tales were the basis for the collection The Adventures of Baron Munchausen. Münchhausen served with the Russian army against the Turks and retired to his estates as a country gentleman in 1760. He became famous throughout Hanover as a

library: Later developments: …the curator of the university, G.A. von Münchhausen, and proceeding on the principles laid down by Leibniz, made strenuous efforts to cover all departments of learning; the library provided good catalogs of carefully selected literature and was available to all as liberally as possible. The library’s next director, C.G. Heyne,…

Baron Münchhausen was a Hanoverian storyteller, some of whose tales were the basis for the collection The Adventures of Baron Munchausen. Münchhausen served with the Russian army against the Turks and retired to his estates as a country gentleman in 1760. He became famous throughout Hanover as a

The Wizard of Oz: …in the midst of Oz’s Munchkinland, and she soon realizes it has fallen on and killed the Wicked Witch of the East, whose powerful ruby slippers are magically transported onto Dorothy’s own feet. Though the munchkins celebrate Dorothy for her inadvertent act, the evil witch’s sister, the Wicked Witch of…

The Wizard of Oz: …inhabited by strange characters, including munchkins, talking trees, and witches. Dorothy’s house lands in the midst of Oz’s Munchkinland, and she soon realizes it has fallen on and killed the Wicked Witch of the East, whose powerful ruby slippers are magically transported onto Dorothy’s own feet. Though the munchkins celebrate…

history of photography: Photojournalism: …picture magazines in Europe, the Münchner Illustrierte Presse and the Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung, began to print the new style of photographs. Erich Salomon captured revealing candid portraits of politicians and other personalities by sneaking his camera into places and meetings officially closed to photographers. Felix H. Man, encouraged by

Bavarian State Orchestra, German symphony orchestra based in Munich. It originated as the Münchner Kantorei (“Choir of Munich”), an ensemble of singers and instrumentalists gathered by Duke Wilhelm IV’s court composer Ludwig Senfl, beginning in 1523. Under the energetic Orlando di Lasso (1563–94)

Munich Philharmonic Orchestra, German symphony orchestra, based in Munich. Founded in 1893 by Franz Kaim, the Kaim Orchestra, as it initially was known, became the Munich Philharmonic Orchestra (MPO) during Siegmund von Hausegger’s tenure (1920–38) as music director. The municipal government of

Muncie, city, seat of Delaware county, eastern Indiana, U.S. It lies along the White River, 55 miles (89 km) northeast of Indianapolis. Muncie is the average American town described in the classic sociological study Middletown, published in 1929 by Robert S. and Helen M. Lynd. The name (shortened

Ball State University, public, coeducational institution of higher learning located in Muncie, Ind., U.S. The university comprises the colleges of applied sciences and technology, sciences and humanities, fine arts, architecture and planning, communication, information, and media, and business as

family law: Marriage as a transfer of dependence: …reflects the transfer of the mund (Old English: “hand”) to the bridegroom. In some systems the marriage forms may have a “bride purchase” origin, in the sense of compensation to her family (though there are differences of opinion as to the meaning of the customary forms); this was true in…

Munda, any of several more or less distinct tribal groups inhabiting a broad belt in central and eastern India and speaking various Munda languages of the Austroasiatic stock. They numbered approximately 9,000,000 in the late 20th century. In the Chota Nāgpur Plateau in southern Bihār, adjacent

Munda, any of several more or less distinct tribal groups inhabiting a broad belt in central and eastern India and speaking various Munda languages of the Austroasiatic stock. They numbered approximately 9,000,000 in the late 20th century. In the Chota Nāgpur Plateau in southern Bihār, adjacent

Munda languages, any of several Austroasiatic languages spoken by about 9,000,000 people (the Munda) in northern and central India. Some scholars divide the languages into two subfamilies: the North Munda (spoken in the Chota Nāgpur Plateau of Bihār, Bengal, and Orissa) including Korkū, Santhālī,

Battle of Munda, (45 bc), conflict that ended the ancient Roman civil war between the forces of Pompey the Great and those of Julius Caesar. The late Pompey’s sons, Gnaeus and Sextus, had seized Córdoba in Spain, and Caesar came with an army to end the revolt. After a long series of withdrawals,

Paul Otlet: …began referring to as the Mundaneum—in the palace situated in Brussels’s Cinquantenaire Park (Jubilee Park).

Paul Otlet: In 1998 a new Mundaneum Museum and Archive opened in Mons, Belgium, to house Otlet’s personal papers and part of the original Mundaneum collection.

Chad: Languages: …and central Chad, (2) the Mundang-Tuburi-Mbum languages, which are spoken by several hundred thousand people in southwestern Chad, (3) the Chado-Hamitic group, which is related to the Hausa spoken in Nigeria, (4) the Kanembu-Zaghawa languages, spoken in the north, mostly by nomads, (5) the Maba group, spoken in the vicinity…

Anthony Munday was an English poet, dramatist, pamphleteer, and translator. The son of a draper, Munday began his career as an apprentice to a printer. In 1578 he was abroad, evidently as a secret agent sent to discover the plans of English Catholic refugees in France and Italy, and under a false

Casimir effect: In 2008 American physicist Jeremy Munday and Italian American physicist Federico Capasso first observed the repulsive Casimir effect between a gold-plated polystyrene sphere and a silica plate immersed in bromobenzene. The attractive Casimir effect can cause parts of nanomachines to stick together, and use of the repulsive Casimir effect…

Peter Handke: My Foot My Tutor) and Der Ritt über den Bodensee (1971; The Ride Across Lake Constance).

Mundelein, village, Lake county, northeastern Illinois, U.S. A suburb of Chicago, it lies 35 miles (55 km) north-northwest of downtown. Before settlement the area was inhabited by Potawatomi Indians. The village was founded in 1835 and was successively known as Mechanics Grove, for the English

Loyola University Chicago, private, coeducational university in Chicago, Illinois, U.S. It is affiliated with the Jesuit order of the Roman Catholic Church. Loyola University was founded in 1870 on the near west side of Chicago as St. Ignatius College by members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman

George William Mundelein was a cardinal and archbishop of Chicago, a leading figure in the Americanization of the Roman Catholic church in the United States. Mundelein was educated at seminaries in New York and Pennsylvania; he studied theology in Rome and was ordained there in June 1895. In 1909

Robert A. Mundell was a Canadian-born economist who in 1999 received the Nobel Prize for Economics for his work on monetary dynamics and optimum currency areas. Mundell attended the University of British Columbia (B.A., 1953), the University of Washington (M.A., 1954), the London School of

Robert A. Mundell was a Canadian-born economist who in 1999 received the Nobel Prize for Economics for his work on monetary dynamics and optimum currency areas. Mundell attended the University of British Columbia (B.A., 1953), the University of Washington (M.A., 1954), the London School of

foreign exchange market: …are laid out by the Mundell-Fleming model. The model shows that governments have to choose two of the following three policy aims: (1) domestic monetary autonomy (the ability to control the money supply and set interest rates and thus control growth); (2) exchange rate stability (the ability to reduce uncertainty…

Weser River: Formed near the city of Münden by the union of its two headstreams—the Fulda and the Werra—the Weser flows 273 miles (440 km) northward through northern Germany to the North Sea. The major tributaries of the Weser are the Aller, Lesum, Geeste, Diemel, Ochtum, and Hunte rivers.

Lakhmid dynasty: …in Iranian affairs under King al-Mundhir I (c. 418–462), who raised Bahrām V to the throne of the Sasanian empire, the Lakhmids reached the height of their power in the 6th century, when al-Mundhir III (503–554) raided Byzantine Syria and challenged the pro-Byzantine Arab kingdom of Ghassān. His son ʿAmr…

Ghassanid dynasty: …unorthodoxy brought down his successors, al-Mundhir (reigned 569–582) and Nuʿmān.

Hūdid Dynasty: …murder of the Tujībid king Mundhir II, in 1039, enabled one of his allies, Sulaymān ibn Muḥammad ibn Hūd, known as al-Mustaʿīn, to seize the Tujībid capital of Saragossa and establish a new dynasty. Al-Mustaʿīn, who had been a prominent military figure of the Upper, or Northern, Frontier and governor…

Kindah: …of the Lakhmid king al-Mundhir III. About 529, however, al-Mundhir regained the city and killed al-Ḥārith, together with about 50 other members of the royal family—a devastating blow to Kindah power.

Spain: The independent emirate: …successors Muḥammad I (852–886), al-Mundhir (886–888), and ʿAbd Allāh (888–912) were confronted with a new problem, which threatened to do away with the power of the Umayyads—the muwallads. Having become more and more conscious of their power, they rose in revolt in the north of the peninsula, led by…

bobbin lace, handmade lace important in fashion from the 16th to the early 20th century. Bobbin laces are made by using a “pricking,” a pattern drawn on parchment or card that is attached to a padded support, the pillow or cushion. An even number of threads (from 8 to more than 1,000) are looped

Mondino De’ Luzzi was an Italian physician and anatomist whose Anathomia Mundini (MS. 1316; first printed in 1478) was the first European book written since classical antiquity that was entirely devoted to anatomy and was based on the dissection of human cadavers. It remained a standard text until

Sackler family: Opioid epidemic: …its English-based multinational pharmaceutical company Mundipharma. By 2022 nearly all 50 U.S. states had filed charges against Purdue Pharma and the Sackler family.

Mariza: …more expansive and more personal Mundo (2015) was widely praised, and she continued her fusion of other styles with fado in her equally well-received self-titled 2018 release. On Mariza canta Amália (2020) Mariza covered the songs of Rodrigues.

Jorge de Lima: …Parnassian poets, but the volume O Mundo do Menino Impossível (1925; “The World of the Impossible Child”) signals his break with European tradition and his adherence to the Modernist movement in Latin-American literature. He became an active collaborator with Gilberto Freyre and others in the northeastern regionalist movement and produced…

Ciro Alegría: …es ancho y ajeno (1941; Broad and Alien Is the World ). It depicts in epic manner the struggles of an Indian tribe to survive in the Peruvian highlands against the greed of land-hungry white men. A collection of short fiction (Duelo de caballeros [1963; “Gentlemen’s Duel”]) and Novelas completas…

Emir Rodríguez Monegal: …Rodríguez Monegal was editor of Mundo Nuevo, a Spanish-language literary journal published in Paris that brought international attention to the writers who made up what came to be known as the “boom of the Latin American novel”: Gabriel García Márquez, Carlos Fuentes, Mario Vargas Llosa, José Donoso, and others. He…