Meher Baba was a spiritual master in western India with a sizable following both in that country and abroad. Beginning on July 10, 1925, he observed silence for the last 44 years of his life, communicating with his disciples at first through an alphabet board but increasingly with gestures. He

Merovech was the king of the Salian Franks from whom Frankish tradition held the Merovingian dynasty to have taken its name. He was the father of Childeric I (d. 481/482) and grandfather of Clovis I (c. 466–511). Nothing definite is known of Merovech’s life, but an early myth made him the son of a

Rhine River: Navigational improvements: Nearer the Rhine’s mouth, the Merwede Canal (enlarged 1952) south of Amsterdam provides another route to the sea for ships displacing as much as 4,300 tons.

Gelderland: …is watered by the Rhine, Waal, and Maas (Meuse) rivers. In the east are some isolated hills and a sandy, wooded stretch south of Nijmegen, the province’s largest town. The fertile marshy area of the Betuwe (“Good Land”), between the Rhine and the Waal, supports orchards (cherries and apples), market…

Mnevis, in ancient Egyptian religion, sacred bull deity worshipped at Heliopolis. As one of several sacred bulls in Egypt, he was most closely associated with the sun god Re-Atum. Although not attested with certainty until the Middle Kingdom (1938–c. 1630 bce), the Mnevis bull may be that which is

Merovech was the king of the Salian Franks from whom Frankish tradition held the Merovingian dynasty to have taken its name. He was the father of Childeric I (d. 481/482) and grandfather of Clovis I (c. 466–511). Nothing definite is known of Merovech’s life, but an early myth made him the son of a

W.S. Merwin was an American poet and translator known for the spare style of his poetry, in which he expressed his concerns about the alienation of humans from their environment. After graduating from Princeton University (B.A., 1947), Merwin worked as a tutor in Europe and as a freelance

W.S. Merwin was an American poet and translator known for the spare style of his poetry, in which he expressed his concerns about the alienation of humans from their environment. After graduating from Princeton University (B.A., 1947), Merwin worked as a tutor in Europe and as a freelance

Merychippus, extinct genus of early horses, found as fossils in deposits from the Middle and Late Miocene Epoch (16.4 to 5.3 million years ago). Merychippus descended from the earlier genus Parahippus. The tooth pattern in Merychippus is basically the same as that in the modern horse; the teeth

artiodactyl: Evolution and paleontology: …New World family was the merycoidodonts (or oreodonts), which lasted until the early Pliocene (about 3.6 million years ago). They had somewhat piglike proportions, short faces, a large upper canine and a caniniform first lower premolar, and selenodont molars. A close relative, Agriochoerus, had clawed feet, the function of which…

artiodactyl: Evolution and paleontology: …New World family was the merycoidodonts (or oreodonts), which lasted until the early Pliocene (about 3.6 million years ago). They had somewhat piglike proportions, short faces, a large upper canine and a caniniform first lower premolar, and selenodont molars. A close relative, Agriochoerus, had clawed feet, the function of which…

Charles Méryon was a French printmaker whose etchings romantically depicted the life and mood of mid-19th-century Paris. Included among Méryon’s earliest works were drawings of the New Zealand coast that he executed while he was in the French navy. He subsequently employed these studies for

Western painting: Germany and Italy: Joseph Beuys and Arte Povera: …Luciano Fabro, Giovanni Anselmo, and Mario Merz preeminently—were united in attempting to shake off their nation’s tradition-bound view of aesthetics, but they were also deeply engaged with social issues and with reinstalling a metaphysical content into art. Like Beuys, they often made use of unusual, organically based materials. In Pistoletto’s…

Kurt Schwitters: …built this three-dimensional assemblage, called Merzbau (“Merz building”), into his house in Hannover and continued to add to it for 16 years until there was little room left in the house for anything else. Unfortunately, it was destroyed during World War II.

Paul Verlaine: Life.: …of which appeared in 1886; Mes Hôpitaux, accounts of Verlaine’s stays in hospitals; Mes Prisons, accounts of his incarcerations, including the story of his “conversion” in 1874; and Confessions, notes autobiographiques helped attract notice to ill-recognized contemporaries as well as to himself (he was instrumental in publishing Rimbaud’s Illuminations in…

Paul Verlaine: Life.: …of Verlaine’s stays in hospitals; Mes Prisons, accounts of his incarcerations, including the story of his “conversion” in 1874; and Confessions, notes autobiographiques helped attract notice to ill-recognized contemporaries as well as to himself (he was instrumental in publishing Rimbaud’s Illuminations in 1886 and making him famous). There is little…

infertility: Treatment options: …in a procedure known as microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA). Eggs that are successfully fertilized are placed in the woman’s uterus.

mesa, (Spanish: “table”), flat-topped tableland with one or more steep sides, common in the Colorado Plateau regions of the United States; a butte is similar but smaller. Both are formed by erosion; during denudation, or downcutting and stripping, areas of harder rock in a plateau act as flat

Mesa, city, Maricopa county, south-central Arizona, U.S. The name is Spanish for “tabletop” or “tableland.” A southeastern suburb of Phoenix, the site was settled and founded in 1878 by Mormons who used ancient Hohokam canals for irrigation. Laid out on a grid plan with 130-foot- (40-metre-) wide

Mesa: …is the site of a Mormon Temple (1927), Mesa Community College (1965), and the University of Arizona’s Agricultural Experimental Station. Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community is across the river to the north. The Chicago Cubs have their spring training camp there. In 2007 commercial air service began at the Phoenix-Mesa…

Mesa Central, high plateau region in central Mexico. The Mesa Central comprises the southern section of the Mexican Plateau extending south from the Zacatecas Mountains to the Bajío, a fertile region at the northern base of the Cordillera Neo-Volcánica. Lying at elevations of 6,000 to 7,500 feet

Mesa Central, high plateau region in central Mexico. The Mesa Central comprises the southern section of the Mexican Plateau extending south from the Zacatecas Mountains to the Bajío, a fertile region at the northern base of the Cordillera Neo-Volcánica. Lying at elevations of 6,000 to 7,500 feet

Mesa Central, high plateau region in central Mexico. The Mesa Central comprises the southern section of the Mexican Plateau extending south from the Zacatecas Mountains to the Bajío, a fertile region at the northern base of the Cordillera Neo-Volcánica. Lying at elevations of 6,000 to 7,500 feet

Mesa del Norte, the northern section of the Mexican Plateau, sloping gently upward to the south for more than 700 miles (1,100 km) from the U.S.–Mexico border to the Zacatecas Mountains. Mesa del Norte largely spans the country from coast to coast and is bordered by the Sierra Madre Oriental on the

Mexico: Physiographic regions: Farther northeast is the Mesa del Sur, with numerous stream-eroded ridges and small isolated valleys some 4,000–5,000 feet (1,200–1,500 metres) above sea level. The picturesque Oaxaca Valley is the largest and most densely settled of these, with a predominantly indigenous population. It is one of the poorest areas of…

Evo Morales: …a concession from his successor, Carlos Mesa Gisbert, to consider changes to the highly unpopular U.S.-backed campaign to eradicate illegal coca production.

I.M. Pei: …Luce Memorial Chapel, Taiwan; the Mesa Laboratory of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, which, located near mountains, mimics the broken silhouettes of the surrounding peaks; and the Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, New York, actually four buildings joined by bridges. For the Federal Aviation Agency, Pei designed…

Mesa Verde National Park, national park in southwestern Colorado, U.S., established in 1906 to preserve notable prehistoric cliff dwellings; it was designated a World Heritage site in 1978. Occupying a high tableland area of 81 square miles (210 square km), it contains hundreds of pueblo (Indian

Titanic: Final hours: At approximately 9:40 pm the Mesaba sent a warning of an ice field. The message was never relayed to the Titanic’s bridge. At 10:55 pm the nearby Leyland liner Californian sent word that it had stopped after becoming surrounded by ice. Phillips, who was handling passenger messages, scolded the Californian…

Mesabi Range, largest of three iron ranges in northern Minnesota, U.S. (the others are Vermilion and Cuyuna). It extends 110 miles (180 km) from Babbitt (northeast) to Grand Rapids (southwest) at heights varying from 200 to 500 feet (60 to 150 metres), with a high point of 2,000 feet (610 metres).

Mesabi Range, largest of three iron ranges in northern Minnesota, U.S. (the others are Vermilion and Cuyuna). It extends 110 miles (180 km) from Babbitt (northeast) to Grand Rapids (southwest) at heights varying from 200 to 500 feet (60 to 150 metres), with a high point of 2,000 feet (610 metres).

Georgia: National revival: …but it paled before the Mesame Dasi, or Third Group, an illegal Social Democratic party founded in 1893. The Third Group professed Marxist doctrines, and from 1898 it included among its members Joseph Dzhugashvili, who later took the byname Joseph Stalin. When the Mensheviks—a branch of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers…

Central African Republic: Political process: The Social Evolution Movement of Black Africa (Mouvement d’Évolution Sociale de l’Afrique Noire; MESAN), founded in 1946 by Barthélemy Boganda, was the first political party. It won control of the first territorial assembly elections in 1957 and was the party of the first president, David Dacko.…

renal system: Glomerular filtration: …the glomerular walls are called mesangial cells. These lie between loops of the glomerular capillaries and form a stalk or scaffolding for the capillary network. They are themselves embedded in a matrix of glycosaminoglycan similar to that of the glomerular capillary basement membrane and may be responsible for its formation.…

history of Mesopotamia: Emergent city-states: …southern Babylonian rulers, such as Mesannepada of Ur and Eannatum of Lagash, frequently called themselves king of Kish when laying claim to sovereignty over northern Babylonia. This does not agree with some recent histories in which Kish is represented as an archaic “empire.” It is more likely to have figured…

Cyprus: Relief: …the two ranges lies the Mesaoria Plain (its name means “Between the Mountains”), which is flat and low-lying and extends from Morphou Bay in the west to Famagusta Bay in the east. Roughly in the centre of the plain is Nicosia. The plain is the principal cereal-growing area in the…

Aegean civilizations: The Early Bronze Age (c. 3000–2200): …tombs were characteristic of the Mesara region of southern Crete. They were built above ground, with low massive stone walls perhaps covered with logs and thatch or slabs. Some of the largest tombs, however, with a diameter of 40 feet (12 metres) or more inside, may have been vaulted in…

Aegean civilizations: The Early Bronze Age (c. 3000–2200): …tombs were characteristic of the Mesara region of southern Crete. They were built above ground, with low massive stone walls perhaps covered with logs and thatch or slabs. Some of the largest tombs, however, with a diameter of 40 feet (12 metres) or more inside, may have been vaulted in…

cephalic index: …oval; such skulls are called mesaticephalic and are typical of Europeans and the Chinese. A skull having an index of over 80 is broad and short, and is called brachycephalic; such skulls are common among Mongolians and the Andaman Islanders.

perissodactyl: Limbs: This is called the mesaxonic condition and is contrasted with the paraxonic condition of the Artiodactyla, in which the axis passes between the third and fourth toes.

Mexico: Agriculture: …derived from an agave is mescal, which is produced primarily in Oaxaca.

Paul Mescal is an Irish actor whose career was launched by his lead performance in the acclaimed television miniseries Normal People (2020). Mescal then starred in a series of critically praised films, including Aftersun (2022), for which he received his first Academy Award nomination for best

peyote, (Lophophora williamsii), species of hallucinogenic cactus (family Cactaceae). Peyote is found only on limestone soils of the Chihuahuan desert of southern Texas and northern Mexico. Averaging about eight centimetres (three inches) wide and five centimetres (two inches) tall, the body of the

Mescalero, tribe of the Eastern Apache division of North American Indians. Their name is taken from the mescal (peyote) cactus (Lophophora williamsii), which provided fibre, food, and drink to these predominantly foraging people. Before colonization the Mescalero lived in what are now south-central

Otero: Lincoln National Forest and the Mescalero Apache Indian Reservation cover much of eastern Otero county. Parklands include Three Rivers Petroglyph National Recreational Site, the Sunspot Solar Observatory, Oliver Lee State Park, and the Cloudcroft Ski Area.

mescaline, naturally occurring alkaloid, the active principle contained in the flowering heads of the peyote cactus (species Lophophora williamsii) of Mexico and the southwestern United States, that has been used as a drug to induce hallucination. The mescaline molecule is related structurally to

Michael Meschke is a German-born puppeteer who was the founder and producer of the Marionetteatern (“Marionette Theatre”) in Stockholm. When Meschke was seven years old, his family fled to Sweden from Danzig, Germany, which had elected a Nazi government. In his school years he became interested in

hedgehog: …hedgehogs (genus Hemiechinus), and two steppe hedgehogs (genus Mesechinus). European hedgehogs are kept as pets, as is the African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris).

Matthew Meselson is an American molecular biologist notable for his experimental confirmation of the Watson-Crick theory of the structure and method of replication of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Meselson obtained a Ph.D. at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, in 1957. His

Matthew Meselson: …model was known as the Meselson-Radding model. Meselson’s later work concentrated on the anomalous evolutionary success of bdelloid rotifers, a type of invertebrate that reproduces solely through asexual means.

Nesebŭr, historic town and resort, eastern Bulgaria, on the Black Sea coast. Nesebŭr is situated on an island connected to the mainland by a narrow strip of land. The Greek colony of Mesembria was founded on the site late in the 6th century bc and thrived on the trade between Greece and Thrace. It

ice plant: Highway ice plant (Carpobrotus edulis, formerly Mesembryanthemum edule) is one of the most commonly grown species and is named for the transparent glistening swellings on its edible leaves. It is cultivated in gardens and as an indoor potted plant. It is naturalized in California, where…

death: Descartes, the pineal soul, and brain-stem death: …pineal gland there lies the mesencephalic tegmentum (the uppermost part of the brain stem), which is crucial to generating alertness (the capacity for consciousness), without which, of course, there can be no volition, cognition, or reason.

midbrain, region of the developing vertebrate brain that is composed of the tectum and tegmentum. The midbrain serves important functions in motor movement, particularly movements of the eye, and in auditory and visual processing. It is located within the brainstem and between the two other

cryopreservation: …that hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells (derived from embryonic connective tissue) are capable of differentiating into skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues, nerve tissue, and bone. Today there is intense interest in the growth of these cells in tissue culture systems, as well as in the cryopreservation of these…

cell: The extracellular matrix: The first type, mesenchymal tissue, is made up of clusters of cells grouped together but not closely adherent to one another. They synthesize a highly hydrated gel, rich in salts, fluid, and fibres, known as the interstitial matrix. Connective tissue is a mesenchyme that fastens together other more…

Mesene, ancient Parthian vassal state located in the south of Babylonia (modern southern Iraq). After the fall of the Seleucid king Antiochus VII Sidetes in 129 bc, a local prince, Hyspaosines (also called Aspasine, or Spasines), founded the Mesene kingdom, which survived until the rise of the

human cardiovascular system: The aorta and its principal branches: The superior mesenteric artery arises from the abdominal aorta just below the celiac artery. Its branches supply the small intestine and part of the large intestine. Arising several centimetres above the termination of the aorta is the inferior mesenteric artery, which branches to supply the lower part…

crustacean: The digestive system: …between the mill and the midgut is guarded by a filter of setae, which prevent particles from passing into the midgut until they have been degraded into a sufficiently small size. The structure of the midgut is also variable among species but generally has one or more diverticula, or pouches,…

mesentery, a continuous folded band of membranous tissue (peritoneum) that is attached to the wall of the abdomen and encloses the viscera. In humans, the mesentery wraps around the pancreas and the small intestine and extends down around the colon and the upper portion of the rectum. One of its

Robert Preston was a versatile American actor best known for his role as Professor Harold Hill in The Music Man on the Broadway stage in 1957 and in the 1962 film. The son of a minor-league baseball player, Preston attended school in Hollywood, Calif., but quit at the age of 16 to become an actor.

Valle Central, highland valley in central Costa Rica, containing most of the country’s large cities and about seven-tenths of the total population. The valley is divided by low volcanic hills (the Continental Divide) 3,000 to 5,000 feet (900 to 1,500 metres) above sea level, which lie between the

Meseta Central, great interior meseta (plateau) of the Iberian Peninsula, central Spain. With Madrid at its centre, it extends over 81,000 square miles (210,000 square km) and has an average elevation of 2,165 feet (660 metres). It constitutes the oldest and most complex geologic formation of the

semiconductor device: Metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors: The metal-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MESFET) is a unipolar device, because its conduction process involves predominantly only one kind of carrier. The MESFET offers many attractive features for applications in both analog and digital circuits. It is particularly useful for microwave amplifications and…

electric generator: Phases: …c′ to a—to form a delta connection. The output can then be transmitted using only three conductors connected to the three junction points. Other advantages of the three-phase system will become evident in the discussion of electric motors below.

Al-Karak: In the mid-9th century bce, Mesha, king of Moab, was attacked by the combined forces of Israel, Judah, and Edom for his failure to pay tribute. The siege of the ancient Moabite stronghold of Qir-hareseth and the forces’ subsequent withdrawal after Mesha offered his heir as a burnt offering on…

Meïr was a rabbi who was among the greatest of the tannaim, the group of some 225 masters of the Jewish Oral Law that flourished in Palestine for roughly the first 200 years ad. He continued the work of his teacher, Rabbi Akiba, in compiling by subject the Halakhot (laws) that came to be

Dibon: …in 1868 of the so-called Moabite Stone, bearing an inscription of Mesha, king of Moab, about the 9th century bce; its 34-line inscription commemorates a victory over the Israelites that reestablished the independence of Moab.

Khaled Meshaal exiled Palestinian politician who served as the head of the political bureau of the Palestinian Islamist movement Ḥamās from 1996 until 2017. Meshaal was born in the town of Silwad in the West Bank, then under Jordanian administration, and spent the first 11 years of his life there

Khaled Meshaal exiled Palestinian politician who served as the head of the political bureau of the Palestinian Islamist movement Ḥamās from 1996 until 2017. Meshaal was born in the town of Silwad in the West Bank, then under Jordanian administration, and spent the first 11 years of his life there

Mesene, ancient Parthian vassal state located in the south of Babylonia (modern southern Iraq). After the fall of the Seleucid king Antiochus VII Sidetes in 129 bc, a local prince, Hyspaosines (also called Aspasine, or Spasines), founded the Mesene kingdom, which survived until the rise of the

Moscow: City site: …swampy clay plain of the Meshchera Lowland, which extends far beyond the city limits.

Phrygia: … of peoples (identified as “Mushki” in Assyrian records) that dominated the entire Anatolian peninsula. This early civilization borrowed heavily from the Hittites, whom they had replaced, and established a system of roads later utilized by the Persians. About 730 the Assyrians detached the eastern part of the confederation, and…

education: Organization of education: …third type of college, the meshed (shrine college), was usually a madrasa built next to a pilgrimage centre. Whatever their particularities, all three types of college specialized in legal instruction, each turning out experts in one of the four schools of Sunni, or orthodox, Islamic law.

Mashhad, city, capital of Khorāsān-e Razavī ostān (province), northeastern Iran. It is located in the Kashaf River valley at an elevation of about 1,000 metres. As the burial place of ʿAlī al-Riḍā, the eighth imam in Twelver Shiʿism (Ithnā ʿAshariyyah), Mashhad is an important pilgrimage site.

Bābol: Meshed-e Sar, now called Bābol Sar, was formerly the port of Bābol on the Caspian, but it lost its function after the water level dropped. It is now a fashionable resort and has an airport. Pop. (2011) 219,467; (2016) 250,217.

Maya Deren: …and in 1943 they codirected Meshes of the Afternoon. They shot the film in their own home, with Hammid serving as cinematographer and Deren playing the central character (Hammid appears in a smaller role). The film’s innovative camera work and narrative structure depict a web of dream events that move…

Mashhad, city, capital of Khorāsān-e Razavī ostān (province), northeastern Iran. It is located in the Kashaf River valley at an elevation of about 1,000 metres. As the burial place of ʿAlī al-Riḍā, the eighth imam in Twelver Shiʿism (Ithnā ʿAshariyyah), Mashhad is an important pilgrimage site.

Ukraine: State building and diplomacy: …increased in 1994: separatist leader Yury Meshkov was elected Crimean president in January, and a referendum calling for sovereignty was passed two months later. Meshkov proved to be an inept leader, however, and he quickly alienated his own supporters. By September he and the Crimean parliament were locked in a…

Fox, an Algonquian-speaking tribe of North American Indians who called themselves Meshkwakihug, the “Red-Earth People.” When they first met French traders in 1667, the tribe lived in the forest zone of what is now northeastern Wisconsin. Tribes to their east referred to them as “foxes,” a custom

Cochin Jews: …Malabaris (Black Jews), and the Meshuchrarim (Brown Jews). Whereas they once numbered in the thousands, only about 50 Cochin Jews remained on the Malabar Coast in the early 21st century.

ancient Egypt: The early 20th dynasty: Setnakht and Ramses III: …great Libyan invasion by the Meshwesh tribes. Meshwesh prisoners of war, branded with the king’s name, were settled in military camps in Egypt, and in later centuries their descendants became politically important because of their ethnic cohesiveness and their military role.

mesia, (species Leiothrix argentauris), songbird of the babbler family Timaliidae (order Passeriformes). It is found from Pakistan through the Indochinese peninsula in scrub and secondary jungle. This 15-centimetre- (6-inch-) long bird is olive above and yellow below, with a black crown, silver ear

mesic atom, atom in which one electron is replaced by a negative muon or a negative pion (pi meson). The muon or pion, after being slowed down in matter, is captured in a high atomic orbit and cascades down, ejecting electrons by the Auger effect or radiating visible light or X-ray photons, to an

Stipe Mesić is a Croatian politician who served as president of Croatia (2000–10). Mesić earned a degree in law from the University of Zagreb (1961), after which he returned to his hometown of Orahovica in eastern Croatia, which was then part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and served as mayor. In

Stipe Mesić is a Croatian politician who served as president of Croatia (2000–10). Mesić earned a degree in law from the University of Zagreb (1961), after which he returned to his hometown of Orahovica in eastern Croatia, which was then part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and served as mayor. In

Kish: A king of Kish, Mesilim, is known to have been the author of the earliest extant royal inscription, in which he recorded his arbitration of a boundary dispute between the south Babylonian cities of Lagash and Umma. The dynasty ended when its last king, Agga, was defeated about 2660…

Las Cruces: Historic Mesilla (briefly the Confederate capital of the Arizona Territory) and the Indian community of Tortugas are nearby. At the end of the 1990s, Las Cruces was one of the fastest-growing cities in the western United States. Inc. 1907. Pop. (2000) 74,267; Las Cruces Metro Area,…

weather forecasting: Numerical weather prediction (NWP) models: …developed by Serbian atmospheric scientist Fedor Mesinger and Serbian-born American atmospheric scientist Zaviša Janjić. The meso-eta model is a finer-scale version of a regional numerical weather prediction model used by the National Weather Service in the United States. The national weather services of several countries produce numerical forecasts of considerable…

mesite, any of several species of small, brownish ground-dwelling birds constituting the family Mesitornithidae (sometimes Mesoenatidae), order Gruiformes. They are about 30 cm (12 inches) long, have short wings and a thick tail, and inhabit Madagascar. They differ from all other gruiform birds in

mesite: Mesitornis (sometimes Mesoenas) unicolor and M. variegata inhabit forests. Bensch’s rail (not a true rail), also called Bensch’s monias (Monias, or Mesoenas, benschi), inhabits brushland. All three species build platform nests low in bushes.

mesite, any of several species of small, brownish ground-dwelling birds constituting the family Mesitornithidae (sometimes Mesoenatidae), order Gruiformes. They are about 30 cm (12 inches) long, have short wings and a thick tail, and inhabit Madagascar. They differ from all other gruiform birds in

Georgia: Relief, drainage, and soils: …trough is crossed by the Meskhet and Likh ranges, linking the Greater and Lesser Caucasus and marking the watershed between the basins of the Black and Caspian seas. In central Georgia, between the cities of Khashuri and Mtsʿkhetʿa (the ancient capital), lies the inner high plateau known as the Kartli…

Georgia: Relief, drainage, and soils: …trough is crossed by the Meskhet and Likh ranges, linking the Greater and Lesser Caucasus and marking the watershed between the basins of the Black and Caspian seas. In central Georgia, between the cities of Khashuri and Mtsʿkhetʿa (the ancient capital), lies the inner high plateau known as the Kartli…

Native American: Allotment: …inalienable except through condemnation; the Meskwaki Settlement, as it became known, had grown to more than 7,000 acres (2,800 hectares) by 2000. In a number of other areas, native individuals simply refused to sign for or otherwise accept their parcels, leaving the property in a sort of bureaucratic limbo.

Meslamtaea, in Mesopotamian religion, city god of Cuthah in Akkad. His temple in Cuthah was called Emeslam, or Meslam (Luxuriant Mesu Tree). His name, which means “He Who Comes Forth from Meslam,” perhaps indicates that he was originally a tree god, which would agree with his general chthonian, or

Pierre de Ronsard: …of 1554 and in the Meslanges (“Miscellany”) of that year, which contain some of his most exquisite nature poems, and in the Continuation des amours and Nouvelles Continuations, addressed to a country girl, Marie. In 1555 he began to write a series of long poems, such as the “Hymne du…

Franz Anton Mesmer was a German physician whose system of therapeutics, known as mesmerism, was the forerunner of the modern practice of hypnotism. Mesmer’s dissertation at the University of Vienna (M.D., 1766), which borrowed heavily from the work of the British physician Richard Mead, suggested

Charles Baudelaire: Maturity and decline of Charles Baudelaire: His translation of Poe’s Mesmeric Revelation appeared as early as July 1848, and thereafter translations appeared regularly in reviews before being collected in book form in Histoires extraordinaires (1856; “Extraordinary Tales”) and Nouvelles Histoires extraordinaires (1857; “New Extraordinary Tales”), each preceded by an important critical introduction by Baudelaire. These…

Franz Anton Mesmer: …system of therapeutics, known as mesmerism, was the forerunner of the modern practice of hypnotism.