La Paz, city, administrative capital of Bolivia, west-central Bolivia. It is situated some 42 miles (68 km) southeast of Lake Titicaca. La Paz, which lies between 10,650 and 13,250 feet (3,250 and 4,100 metres) above sea level, is the world’s highest national capital. Visitors, upon arrival, often

Cordillera Real: …of six lesser ranges: the Cordillera de La Paz; the Cordillera Tres Cruces; two parallel ranges, the Azanaques (east) and the Frailes (west); the Chichas; and the Lípez, extending southwestward to connect the Cordillera Real with the Cordillera Occidental, Bolivia’s other, more westerly mountain system. The Cordillera de La Paz…

La Perouse Strait, international waterway between the islands of Sakhalin (Russia) and Hokkaido (Japan). The strait, named after the French explorer Jean-François de Galaup, Count de La Pérouse, separates the Sea of Okhotsk from the Sea of Japan. It is 27 miles (43 km) wide at its narrowest part,

Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse was a French naval officer and navigator who is known for the wide-ranging explorations in the Pacific Ocean that he conducted in the second half of the 1780s. La Perouse Strait, in the northwestern Pacific, is named for him. La Pérouse joined the French

Benedict de Spinoza: Early life and career: …Adam”), by the French courtier Isaac La Peyrère, appeared in Amsterdam. It challenged the accuracy of the Bible and insisted that the spread of human beings to all parts of the globe implies that there must have been humans before Adam and Eve. La Peyrère concluded that the Bible is…

La Piedad Cavadas, city, northwestern Michoacán estado (state), west-central Mexico. Situated on the Lerma River, which forms the border between Michoacán and Guanajuato states, the city is 314 miles (505 km) west-northwest of Mexico City and 119 miles (192 km) northwest of Morelia, the state

La Piedad Cavadas, city, northwestern Michoacán estado (state), west-central Mexico. Situated on the Lerma River, which forms the border between Michoacán and Guanajuato states, the city is 314 miles (505 km) west-northwest of Mexico City and 119 miles (192 km) northwest of Morelia, the state

Charleville-Mézières: …Ville, which replaced the unfinished Ducal Palace. The poet Arthur Rimbaud was born in the vicinity and composed his poem “Le Bateau ivre” (“The Drunken Boat”) near the 17th-century mill, which is now a museum devoted to him.

tapestry: 17th and 18th centuries: …establish low-warp looms in Paris: François de La Planche (or Franz van den Planken; 1573–1627) and Marc de Comans (1563–before 1650). Satisfactory working conditions were found for them in the old Gobelins family dyeworks on the outskirts of the city, and so began the establishment commonly known by that name…

Pierre Boulle: …La Planète des singes (1963; Planet of the Apes, adapted as a film by Franklin J. Schaffner [1968], with several sequels and remakes) and E = mc2 (1957), which contains ironic but humane considerations of the fate of the modern individual caught in a political, social, and intellectual upheaval.

La Plata, city, capital of Buenos Aires provincia (province), eastern Argentina. It is located 6 miles (9 km) inland from the southern shore of the Río de la Plata estuary. The site was selected in 1882 by the provincial governor of Buenos Aires, Dardo Rocha, as the new provincial seat, a move made

Sucre, judicial capital of Bolivia. (La Paz is the country’s administrative capital.) Sucre lies in a fertile valley crossed by the Cachimayo River, at an elevation of 9,153 feet (2,790 metres) above sea level. It was founded in 1539 by the conquistador Pedro de Anzúrez on the site of a Charcas

La Plata River, river in east-central Puerto Rico, rising on the western slope of Mount Santa (2,963 feet [903 metres]), a peak of the Sierra de Cayey. Part of the stream is impounded by Lake Carite; the reservoir’s outlet diverts waters for a series of hydroelectric stations on the Guamaní River

river dolphin: …smallest river dolphin species, the La Plata river dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei), also lives in South America. Also known as the franciscana, it inhabits the coastal waters of Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina. Gray above and pale below, this little dolphin grows only 1.2–1.7 metres (4–5.6 feet) long and weighs 20–60 kg…

Río de la Plata, a tapering intrusion of the Atlantic Ocean on the east coast of South America between Uruguay to the north and Argentina to the south. While some geographers regard it as a gulf or as a marginal sea of the Atlantic, and others consider it to be a river, it is usually held to be the

St. Bernard of Clairvaux: Pillar of the church: …participated in the condemnation of Gilbert de La Porrée—a scholarly dialectician and bishop of Poitiers who held that Christ’s divine nature was only a human concept. He exhorted Pope Eugenius to stress his role as spiritual leader of the church over his role as leader of a great temporal power,…

Jean-Philippe Rameau: …contact at this time was Le Riche de la Pouplinière, one of the wealthiest men in France and one of the greatest musical patrons of all time. Rameau was put in charge of La Pouplinière’s excellent private orchestra, a post he held for 22 years. He also taught the financier’s…

La Primavera, large tempera painting on a poplar wood panel by Sandro Botticelli. It is believed to have been executed about 1477 to 1482. The mythological figures in the painting are an allegory of spring and of the kindling of love. After training as a goldsmith, Botticelli was apprenticed to Fra

Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Years of seclusion and exile of Jean-Jacques Rousseau: …foi du vicaire savoyard (1765; The Profession of Faith of a Savoyard Vicar) Rousseau sets out what may fairly be regarded as his own religious views, since that book confirms what he says on the subject in his private correspondence. Rousseau could never entertain doubts about God’s existence or about…

Conspiracy of Amboise: …a needy Périgord nobleman named La Renaudie as its nominal head, though the agitation had in the first instance been fostered by the agents of Louis I de Bourbon, prince de Condé. The Guises were warned of the conspiracy while the court was at Blois, and for greater security they…

Genève, canton, southwestern Switzerland. The canton lies between the Jura Mountains and the Alps and consists mainly of its capital, the city of Geneva (Genève). It is one of the smallest cantons in the Swiss Confederation. Bordering on Vaud canton for 3.5 miles (5.5 km) in the extreme north, it

Louis-Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux was a member of the French Revolutionary regime known as the Directory. In 1789 La Révellière-Lépeaux was elected as a representative of the Third Estate (the unprivileged order) to the States General, which converted itself into the revolutionary National

La Rioja, city, capital of La Rioja provincia (province), northwestern Argentina. It is located on the La Rioja River at the foot of the Velasco Mountains. Founded in 1591 by explorers for gold and silver, it long remained a small commercial and administrative centre close to intermittently worked

La Rioja, comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) and historical region of Spain coextensive with the north-central Spanish provincia (province) of La Rioja (until 1980 called Logroño). La Rioja is bordered by the autonomous communities of the Basque Country to the north, Navarra to the

La Rioja, provincia (province), northwestern Argentina, extending southeastward from Chile. The northeast-central city of La Rioja is the provincial capital. The province’s southeastern half is an arid to semiarid plain, while the northwestern section is crossed north to south by alternating

Auguste-Arthur de La Rive was a Swiss physicist who was one of the founders of the electrochemical theory of batteries. La Rive was elected to the chair of natural philosophy at the Academy of Geneva in 1823, and for the next seven years he conducted studies on the specific heat of various gases

Dixieland: Nick La Rocca, one of the many musicians who apprenticed with Laine, incorporated the sound, and much of the repertoire, of Laine’s band when forming the Original Dixieland Jazz (originally “Jass”) Band (ODJB) in 1916. A highly influential group, the ODJB also borrowed from the…

Sophie von La Roche was a German writer whose first and most important work, Geschichte des Fräuleins von Sternheim (1771; History of Lady Sophia Sternheim), was the first German novel written by a woman and is considered to be among the best works from the period in which English novels,

La Roche-sur-Yon, town, capital of Vendée département, Pays de la Loire région, western France, south of Nantes. The Vendée region had been pacified at the time of the French Revolution but still remained disaffected after the counterrevolutionary insurrection of 1793. Napoleon in 1804 established

La Rochefoucauld Family, one of France’s noblest families, traceable in Angoumois to the year 1019. Ducal titles belonging to it are: duke (duc) de La Rochefoucauld (1622); duke de La Roche-Guyon (1679); duke d’Anville (1732); duke d’Estissac; duke de Liancourt (1747); duke de Doudeauville (1780);

François VI, duc de La Rochefoucauld was a French classical author who had been one of the most active rebels of the Fronde before he became the leading exponent of the maxime, a French literary form of epigram that expresses a harsh or paradoxical truth with brevity. La Rochefoucauld was the son

François-Alexandre-Frédéric, duc de La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt was an educator and social reformer who founded the École Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Métiers at Châlons and whose model farm at Liancourt contributed to the development of French agriculture. La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, the son of

Wars of the Vendée: …Charette de La Contrie, and Henri du Vergier, Count de La Rochejaquelein. In May the rebels (about 30,000 strong) took the towns of Thouars, Parthenay, and Fontenay, and their army, which had changed its name from “the Catholic Army” to “the Catholic and Royal Army,” turned north and on June…

La Rochelle, city, Atlantic seaport and capital of Charente-Maritime département, Nouvelle-Aquitaine région, western France, situated on an inlet opposite Ré Island. The city, which has straight, regular streets, a large park, and shady promenades on the sites of its old fortifications, grew

Pierre Drieu La Rochelle was a French writer of novels, short stories, and political essays whose life and works illustrate the malaise common among European youth after World War I. Drieu, the brilliant son of a middle-class family, attended the École des Sciences Politiques with the intention of

Siege of La Rochelle, (1627–28). The Siege of La Rochelle effectively ended the final Huguenot (French Protestant) rebellion against the French crown and was a marker in the rise of the French absolute monarchy. Cardinal Richelieu’s royal forces captured the city after a fourteen-month siege in

Jean-François de La Rocque, sieur de Roberval was a French colonizer chosen by Francis I to create a settlement on North American lands found earlier by Jacques Cartier. Roberval was born into a noble family and lived at the court of Francis of Angoulême. Roberval converted to Protestantism and was

La Romana, city and port, southeastern Dominican Republic, on the Caribbean Sea opposite Catalina Island. Founded near the end of the 19th century, La Romana grew rapidly after the establishment of a large sugar mill there in 1911. In addition to sugarcane, the surrounding region produces coffee,

Bil and Cora Baird: …creations became classic puppet figures: Bubbles La Rue, the marionette striptease dancer; the singing frogs; Snarky Parker, the master of ceremonies; and Heathcliff, the talking horse. Bil Baird trained a generation of younger puppeteers, including the creator of the Muppets, Jim Henson, and many of Henson’s associates. He was also…

Pierre de La Rue was a composer in the Flemish, or Netherlandish, style that dominated Renaissance music, known for his religious music. Little is known of La Rue’s early life. He may have worked first as a part-time singer in Brussels (1469), then perhaps in Ghent (1471–72) and Nieuwpoort

Pierre de La Rue was a composer in the Flemish, or Netherlandish, style that dominated Renaissance music, known for his religious music. Little is known of La Rue’s early life. He may have worked first as a part-time singer in Brussels (1469), then perhaps in Ghent (1471–72) and Nieuwpoort

Pierre de La Rue was a composer in the Flemish, or Netherlandish, style that dominated Renaissance music, known for his religious music. Little is known of La Rue’s early life. He may have worked first as a part-time singer in Brussels (1469), then perhaps in Ghent (1471–72) and Nieuwpoort

Pierre de La Rue was a composer in the Flemish, or Netherlandish, style that dominated Renaissance music, known for his religious music. Little is known of La Rue’s early life. He may have worked first as a part-time singer in Brussels (1469), then perhaps in Ghent (1471–72) and Nieuwpoort

Tony La Russa is a former professional baseball manager who led his teams to three World Series titles (1989, 2006, and 2011) and is one of the winningest managers in major league history. La Russa’s managerial career spanned more than three decades, and when he retired in 2022 he had a record of

Tony La Russa is a former professional baseball manager who led his teams to three World Series titles (1989, 2006, and 2011) and is one of the winningest managers in major league history. La Russa’s managerial career spanned more than three decades, and when he retired in 2022 he had a record of

Colorado Plateau: …feet (3,870 meters) in the La Sal Mountains, Utah. Erosion by the Colorado River system has carved deep, brilliantly colored gorges, notably the Grand Canyon. The province embraces numerous conservation areas, many Native American reservations, and the Four Corners monument.

Antoine de La Sale was a French writer chiefly remembered for his Petit Jehan de Saintré, a romance marked by a great gift for the observation of court manners and a keen sense of comic situation and dialogue. From 1400 to 1448 La Sale served the dukes of Anjou, Louis II, Louis III, and René, as

La Salle, city, La Salle county, north-central Illinois, U.S. It lies on the Illinois River, about 90 miles (150 km) southwest of Chicago. With Peru (adjacent to the west) and Oglesby (southeast), La Salle forms a tri-city unit. The city was named for the French explorer René-Robert Cavelier, sieur

La Salle, former city, Montréal region, southern Quebec province, Canada, on the south shore of Île de Montréal (Montreal Island), at the head of the Lachine Rapids of the St. Lawrence River. Until 2002 it was a suburb of Montreal city, at which time it was incorporated into Montreal as a borough

Francis Parkman: Literary career.: …persistent Iroquois attacks, and his La Salle and the Discovery of the Great West, first published in 1869 as The Discovery of the Great West but later revised after French documents were made available, is in many respects one of the best one-volume biographies in the English language. René-Robert Cavelier,…

the Loop: …several large department stores, and LaSalle Street (sometimes considered Chicago’s Wall Street), the location of several large financial institutions, including the Chicago Stock Exchange (founded 1882; from 1949 to 1993, the Midwest Stock Exchange), the Chicago Board of Trade (1848), and the Chicago Board Options Exchange (1973). The Loop was…

La Salle University, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. It is operated by the Christian Brothers, a teaching order of the Roman Catholic church. It comprises schools of Arts and Sciences, Business Administration, and Nursing, offering a range

ER: …by stints on ER included Eriq La Salle (1994–2001, 2002, 2009), Noah Wyle (1994–2006, 2009), Maura Tierney (1999–2009), and Goran Visnjic (1999–2008).

René-Robert Cavelier, sieur de La Salle was a French explorer in North America who led an expedition down the Illinois and Mississippi rivers and claimed all the region watered by the Mississippi and its tributaries for Louis XIV of France, naming the region “Louisiana.” A few years later, in a

St. Jean-Baptiste de La Salle ; canonized 1900; feast day April 7) was a French educator and the founder of the Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools (sometimes called the de La Salle Brothers or the Christian Brothers), the first Roman Catholic congregation of male nonclerics devoted

La Scala, theatre in Milan, one of the principal opera houses of the world and the leading Italian house. Built in 1776–78 by Empress Maria Theresa of Austria (whose country then ruled Milan), it replaced an earlier theatre that had burned. In 1872 it became the property of the city of Milan. The

Hispaniola: …southwestern peninsula, which rises to Mount Selle at 8,773 feet (2,674 metres). In contrast to the highlands, the basin of Lake Enriquillo in southwestern Dominican Republic is quite low, the surface of the lake being about 150 feet (45 metres) below sea level. The main rivers are the Yaque del…

La Serena, city, northern Chile. It lies on a marine terrace overlooking Bahía (bay) de Coquimbo, just south of the Río Elqui and east of Coquimbo city. Founded around 1543 on the river’s northern bank, it was named after the birthplace of the conquistador Pedro de Valdivia. Razed by Diaguita

Riverside: …is also the seat of La Sierra University (1922; Seventh-day Adventist) and California Baptist University (1950). The campus of Sherman Indian High School (1901), one of the many boarding schools operated by the U.S. government to encourage the assimilation of American Indians, includes one original building housing a museum that,…

Calabria: …Crati River from the extensive La Sila massif (rising to 6,325 feet [1,928 metres]). A narrow isthmus between the gulfs of Sant’Eufemia (west) and Squillace (east) separates the northern from the southern part of the region, in which the uplands continue as the Appennino Calabrese and culminate in the extreme…

European Southern Observatory: …at three sites in Chile—the La Silla Observatory, located about 600 km (370 miles) north of Santiago at an altitude of 2,400 metres (7,900 feet), the Very Large Telescope (Paranal Observatory) on Paranal, a 2,600-metre- (8,600-foot-) high mountain about 130 km (80 miles) south of Antofagasta, and the Atacama Large…

La Solidaridad, newspaper, based in Barcelona and later Madrid, that espoused the relatively liberal views of the Filipino Propaganda Movement, which sought reform in the Spanish colony of the Philippines. The group was made up of a coalition of Filipino exiles and university students who had

La Spezia, city, Liguria region, northern Italy. The city, a major naval base, is located at the head of the Golfo della Spezia, southeast of Genoa. The site was inhabited in Roman times, but little is known of its history before 1276, when it was sold to Genoa by the Fieschi family. It became a

Jean de La Taille was a poet and dramatist who, through his plays and his influential treatise on the art of tragedy, helped to effect the transition from native French drama to classical tragedy. While studying in Paris La Taille came under the influence, shown in his minor poems, of Pierre de

La Tène, (French: The Shallows), archaeological site at the eastern end of Lake Neuchâtel, Switzerland, the name of which has been extended to distinguish the Late Iron Age culture of European Celts. La Tène culture originated in the mid-5th century bce, when the Celts came into contact with Greek

La Tène: La Tène culture originated in the mid-5th century bce, when the Celts came into contact with Greek and Etruscan influences from south of the Alps. This culture passed through several phases and regional variations during the next four centuries as the Celts expanded throughout most…

Charles La Tour was a French colonist and fur trader who served as governor of Acadia (region of the North American Atlantic seaboard centred on Nova Scotia) under the French and the English. La Tour went to Acadia with his father in 1610. When the English destroyed the French settlements there in

siren: …it by the French engineer Charles Cagniard de La Tour, who devised an acoustical instrument of the type in 1819. A disk with evenly spaced holes around its edge is rotated at high speed, interrupting at regular intervals a jet of air directed at the holes. The resulting regular pulsations…

Charles La Tour was a French colonist and fur trader who served as governor of Acadia (region of the North American Atlantic seaboard centred on Nova Scotia) under the French and the English. La Tour went to Acadia with his father in 1610. When the English destroyed the French settlements there in

Georges de La Tour was a painter, mostly of candlelit subjects, who was well known in his own time but then forgotten until well into the 20th century, when the identification of many formerly misattributed works established his modern reputation as a giant of French painting. La Tour became a

Maurice-Quentin de La Tour was a pastelist whose animated and sharply characterized portraits made him one of the most successful and imitated portraitists of 18th-century France. Early in his youth La Tour went to Paris, where he entered the studio of the Flemish painter Jacques Spoede. He then

Aimé Césaire: …Tragédie du Roi Christophe (1963; The Tragedy of King Christophe), a drama of decolonization in 19th-century Haiti, and Une Saison au Congo (1966; A Season in the Congo), the epic of the 1960 Congo rebellion and of the assassination of the Congolese political leader Patrice Lumumba. Both depict the fate…

Thames River, river in southern Ontario, Canada. The Thames is 160 miles (260 km) long. It rises north-northwest of Woodstock, in the uplands between Lakes Huron and Erie, and flows southwest past the towns of Woodstock, London, and Chatham to Lake Saint Clair. The river is navigable below Chatham.

Cistercian: …Rancé, who became abbot of La Trappe in 1664. He was so successful in restoring a well-balanced rule of silence, prayer, manual labour, and seclusion from the world that the various attempts at a strict observance became popularly associated with the name Trappists.

La traviata, opera in three acts by Italian composer Giuseppe Verdi (libretto in Italian by Francesco Maria Piave) that premiered in Venice at La Fenice opera house on March 6, 1853. Based upon the 1852 play by Alexandre Dumas fils (La Dame aux camélias), the opera marked a large step forward for

La Trémoille Family, noble family that contributed numerous generals to France. The family’s name was taken from a village in Poitou (modern La Trimouille). A Pierre de La Trémoille is recorded as early as the 11th century, but the family’s ascendance dates from the 15th century. Early family

La Trémoille Family: Louis III’s son Claude (1566–1604) at first fought in the campaigns against the Huguenots under Henry III but then changed sides, joining the Protestant king of Navarre, Henry III, in 1586. After Henry de Navarre became King Henry IV, of France, Claude was made a peer (1595).

La Trémoille Family: …Marignan in 1515, his grandson François (1502–41) succeeded to the family estates. Through his marriage to Anne de Laval, granddaughter of Frederick of Aragon, deposed king of Naples, the family derived its pretension to the kingdom of Naples and the claim to recognition at the French court as foreign princes.…

Georges de La Trémoille was a powerful lord who exercised considerable influence over Charles VII of France. At first allied with the duke of Burgundy in the power struggle that continued for many years during Charles VI’s madness, La Trémoille switched his loyalty when the rival faction, the

La Trémoille Family: A Pierre de La Trémoille is recorded as early as the 11th century, but the family’s ascendance dates from the 15th century. Early family members fought in several crusades. Gui (d. 1397) went with John the Fearless, duke of Burgundy, on the crusade to Hungary, was taken prisoner…

La Trinité, town and port on the Caribbean island of Martinique, in the southeastern West Indies. Situated on the east coast 11 miles (18 km) northeast of Fort-de-France, it is a trading centre for sugarcane and pineapples. Industries include sugar milling and rum distilling. Pop. (2006 est.)

Latrobe Valley: The Latrobe River rises in the Eastern Highlands near Mount Baw Baw in the Gippsland district. Flowing in a southeasterly direction, it passes the cities of Moe and Yallourn, where it turns to flow almost directly east, past Traralgon. The Latrobe is joined by its main…

Melbourne: Health and education: …admitted in 1855); Monash and La Trobe universities were established in the 1960s, and Deakin University, established in 1974, maintains three campuses. Melbourne also has colleges of advanced education that offer degrees or diplomas in a variety of technical and academic subjects.

Latrobe Valley, river valley in southeastern Victoria, Australia. It is one of the most important economic areas in the state. The Latrobe River rises in the Eastern Highlands near Mount Baw Baw in the Gippsland district. Flowing in a southeasterly direction, it passes the cities of Moe and

La Tuque, city, Mauricie–Bois-Francs region, southern Quebec province, Canada, situated on the Saint-Maurice River. During the French regime the site was occupied by a trading post of the Company of New France. The original lumbering settlement of 1908 was named for a rock on the river’s edge that

La Unión, city, eastern El Salvador. It is located at the northern foot of Conchagua Volcano (about 4,100 feet [1,250 m]), on La Unión Bay, an inlet of the Gulf of Fonseca. The city’s economic activity centres on a tortoiseshell industry and beach resort facilities. The nearby port of Cutuco, once

Louise-Françoise de La Baume le Blanc, duchess de La Vallière was the mistress of King Louis XIV (reigned 1643–1715) from 1661 to 1667. La Vallière, the daughter of a military governor, was appointed maid of honour in 1661 to Louis XIV’s sister-in-law Henrietta Anne of England, Duchess d’Orléans.

gastronomy: The Italian influence on France: … (1652) and was written by La Varenne, an outstanding chef, who is believed to have learned to cook in Marie de Médicis’ kitchens. La Varenne’s cookbook was the first to present recipes in alphabetical order, and the book included the first instructions for vegetable cooking. By now spices were no…

Louis XVI: Early life and accession: …education was entrusted to the duc de La Vauguyon (Antoine de Quélen de Caussade). He was taught to avoid letting others know his thoughts, which has led to sharp disagreement about his intelligence. Louis nevertheless possessed an excellent memory, acquired a sound knowledge of Latin and English, and took an…

La Vega, city, central Dominican Republic. It was founded in 1495 by Bartholomew Columbus at the foot of Concepción fortress, which had been built by his brother Christopher Columbus in 1494. La Vega was moved to the bank of the Camú River after an earthquake in 1564. La Vega is a prosperous

La Venta, ancient Olmec settlement, located near the border of modern Tabasco and Veracruz states, on the gulf coast of Mexico. La Venta was originally built on an island in the Tonalá River; now it is part of a large swamp. After petroleum was found there, many of the artifacts were moved to an

Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de La Vérendrye was a French Canadian soldier, fur trader, and explorer whose exploits, little honoured during his lifetime, rank him as one of the greatest explorers of the Canadian West. Moreover, the string of trading posts he and his sons built in the course of

Rancho Cucamonga: …University of Redlands and the University of La Verne. The city hosts an annual Grape Harvest Festival (first held in 1939). San Bernardino and Angeles national forests are north of the city. Inc. 1977. Pop. (2010) 165,269; (2020) 174,453.

La Victoria, distrito (district) of the Lima-Callao metropolitan area of Peru, south of downtown Lima. It is mainly residential, with slums in the north, pueblos jóvenes (“young towns”), or squatter settlements, in the east, and middle-income housing in the south. The district is the site of Peru’s

Oran: The contemporary city: The newer city, called La Ville Nouvelle and built by the French after 1831, occupies the terraces on the east bank of the ravine. La Blanca is crowned by the Turkish citadel of Santa Cruz, which was subsequently modified by the Spanish and the French. The Spanish quarter, with…

Felix Candela: …built in Mexico City the Church of La Virgen Milagrosa (1953–55; “The Miraculous Virgin”), with a warped roof of reinforced concrete 3.8 cm (1.5 inches) thick, and the Church of San Vicente de Paul (1960). In addition to Rio’s Warehouse in Mexico City (1955) and other warped-shell industrial buildings, he…

François Mansart: Early years and works.: In the same period, Phélypeaux de La Vrillière, an officer of the crown, commissioned Mansart to build a town house in Paris (rebuilt after Mansart’s death). The building, known from engravings, was a fine example of Mansart’s ability to arrive at subtle, ingenious, and dignified solutions to the problems…

Laie, town, Honolulu county, on Laie Bay, northeastern Oahu island, Hawaii, U.S. The land was acquired by Mormon missionaries in 1864 and settled by a colony of Hawaiian Mormons. The impressive white Laie Temple, where the highest rites of the Mormon church can be performed, was built in 1919 on

Tibet: Drainage and soils: …both Buddhists and Hindus, and Lake La’nga.

Alexander McCall Smith: …he also published the novel La’s Orchestra Saves the World, which centres on a newly divorced young woman who founds an amateur orchestra during World War II. McCall Smith himself had conceived such an ensemble in Edinburgh in 1995; it was known as the Really Terrible Orchestra. McCall Smith also…