- Lunaria telekiana (plant)
honesty: Lunaria telekiana is a rare plant endemic to the mountains of Albania, Montenegro, and Serbia.
- lunate fracture (geological feature)
chatter mark: …removal of rock; and the lunate fracture, which is also concave downstream but without the removal of rock. Chatter marks in a series commonly decrease in size downstream.
- lunation (astronomy)
Metonic cycle: …there are 235 lunations, or synodic months, after which the Moon’s phases recur on the same days of the solar year, or year of the seasons. The cycle was discovered by Meton (fl. 432 bc), an Athenian astronomer. Computation from modern data shows that 235 lunations are 6,939 days, 16.5…
- Lunceford, James Melvin (American jazz musician)
Jimmie Lunceford was an American big band leader whose rhythmically appealing, well-disciplined orchestra was one of the most influential of the swing era. During his youth, Lunceford studied music with Wilberforce J. Whiteman, father of bandleader Paul Whiteman, and became proficient on all reed
- Lunceford, Jimmie (American jazz musician)
Jimmie Lunceford was an American big band leader whose rhythmically appealing, well-disciplined orchestra was one of the most influential of the swing era. During his youth, Lunceford studied music with Wilberforce J. Whiteman, father of bandleader Paul Whiteman, and became proficient on all reed
- Lunch Club, the (American intellectual group)
Bread and Cheese Club, social and cultural conclave created by author James Fenimore Cooper, which held meetings at Washington Hall, on the southeast corner of Broadway and Reade streets in New York City, from its formal beginning in 1824 until at least 1827. Its membership consisted of American
- Lunch, the (American intellectual group)
Bread and Cheese Club, social and cultural conclave created by author James Fenimore Cooper, which held meetings at Washington Hall, on the southeast corner of Broadway and Reade streets in New York City, from its formal beginning in 1824 until at least 1827. Its membership consisted of American
- Luncheon of the Boating Party (painting by Renoir)
Luncheon of the Boating Party, oil painting created in 1880–81 by French artist Pierre-Auguste Renoir. Exhibited at the Paris Salon of 1882, it was immediately hailed as one of the best the artist had painted, and its reputation has not diminished since then. In the background of this painting is
- Luncheon on the Grass, The (painting by Manet)
Le Déjeuner sur l’herbe, large oil painting by French artist Édouard Manet that was completed in 1863. It was rejected by the Paris Salon and exhibited in 1863 in the Salon des Refusés. Long before his association with the Impressionists, Manet was a controversial figure in the French art world.
- Lund (Sweden)
Lund, city, Skåne län (county), southern Sweden, northeast of Malmö. It was founded about 990 and became the seat of a bishopric in 1060 and the seat of the archbishop of all Scandinavia in 1103; today it is the seat of a Lutheran bishopric. After Sigtuna, Lund is Sweden’s second oldest town.
- Lund’s Bristol (porcelain)
Bristol ware: Soft-paste porcelain, usually known as Lund’s Bristol, was made at Benjamin Lund’s china factory in 1748–52, after which it was taken over by the Worcester Porcelain Company.
- Lund, Battle of (European history [1676])
Battle of Lund, (4 December 1676). After their naval triumph at Öland, a Danish army was able to cross into Scania in southern Sweden. At Lund, in the bloodiest battle of the Scanian War and one of the bloodiest ever fought in Europe, Charles XI of Sweden led his army to a decisive victory over
- Lund, Benjamin (British potter)
pottery: Porcelain: …factory in Bristol started by Benjamin Lund about 1748. Clay was mixed with a fusible rock called steatite (hydrous magnesium silicate), the principle being similar to that used in the manufacture of hard porcelain. This factory was transfered to Worcester in 1752 and still manufactures fine porcelain. In the 18th…
- Lunda (people)
Lunda, any of several Bantu-speaking peoples scattered over wide areas of the southeastern part of Congo (Kinshasa), eastern Angola, and northern and northwestern Zambia. The various regional groups—the Lunda of Musokantanda in Congo, Kazembe, Shinje, Kanongesha, Ndembu, Luvale (Luena, Balovale),
- Lunda cirrhata (bird)
puffin: …southerly Pacific distribution is the tufted puffin (Lunda cirrhata), which is black with red legs and bill, a white face, and straw-coloured plumes curving backward from behind the eyes.
- Lunda empire (historical state, Africa)
Lunda empire, historic Bantu-speaking African state founded in the 16th century in the region of the upper Kasai River (now in northeastern Angola and western Democratic Republic of the Congo). Although the Lunda people had lived in the area from early times, their empire was founded by invaders
- Lundeberg, Christian (Swedish politician)
Christian Lundeberg was an industrialist and politician who presided over the 1905 Swedish government, which negotiated an end to the Swedish-Norwegian union. A leading ironmaster, Lundeberg was active in industrial organizations and local government before entering the upper chamber of the Riksdag
- Lundenwic (historical settlement, London, United Kingdom)
London: Foundation and early settlement: The settlement was called Lundenwic; however, virtually nothing is known about this phase of London’s history until the time of Alfred the Great (849–899) and the wars with the Danes, who invaded England in 865. A little farther west a church was founded on marshy Thorney Island in 785,…
- Lundi River (river, Zimbabwe)
Lundi River, river in southeastern Zimbabwe rising at Gweru in the Highveld and flowing southeast to Hippo Valley at the confluence with the Shashe River in the Middleveld. It continues across the Lowveld and joins the Sabi River near the Chivirigo (Chivirira) Falls at the Mozambique border, after
- lundi, Groupe du (Belgian literary group)
Belgian literature: Between World Wars I and II: …others made up the “Groupe du lundi” (1936–39), named after their Monday meetings in Brussels. In 1937 this group issued a literary manifesto, rejecting Belgian regionalism and nationalism in favour of French literature. Jean Ray was a pioneer of fantastic literature in Belgium. Somewhat later, Georges Simenon imbued the…
- Lundkvist, Artur (Swedish writer and critic)
Artur Lundkvist was a Swedish poet, novelist, and literary critic. Lundkvist grew up in a rural community, where he felt himself an outcast because of his appreciation for literature. He left school at age 10 and thereafter educated himself. He moved to Stockholm when he was 20 and published his
- Lundkvist, Artur Nils (Swedish writer and critic)
Artur Lundkvist was a Swedish poet, novelist, and literary critic. Lundkvist grew up in a rural community, where he felt himself an outcast because of his appreciation for literature. He left school at age 10 and thereafter educated himself. He moved to Stockholm when he was 20 and published his
- Lundmark, Karl (Swedish astronomer)
astronomy: Galaxies and the expanding universe: In 1924 Swedish astronomer Karl Lundmark published an empirical study that gave a roughly linear relation (though with lots of scatter) between the distances and velocities of the spirals. The difficulty was in knowing the distances accurately enough. Lundmark used novae that had been observed in the Andromeda Nebula…
- Lundqvist, Henrik (Swedish ice hockey player)
New York Rangers: …2011–12 the team—led by goaltender Henrik Lundqvist and forward Marian Gaborik—won its first division title in 17 years and advanced to the conference finals, where it lost to the New Jersey Devils. In 2013–14 the team defeated its longtime rival Montreal Canadiens in a six-game Eastern Conference finals series to…
- Lundström, Carl (Swedish businessman)
The Pirate Bay: …and Peter Sunde, and businessman Carl Lundström, who had supplied servers and bandwidth to the site, were charged with copyright infringement, and in April 2009 they were sentenced to one year in prison and the payment of a fine of 30 million kronor ($3.6 million). In November 2010 the jail…
- Lundy (island, England, United Kingdom)
Lundy, small island in the Bristol Channel, 11 miles (18 km) off the north coast of the county of Devon, southwestern England. Mainly composed of granite, with high cliffs (notably Shutter Rock at the southwestern end), Lundy reaches a summit of 466 feet (142 metres) and has an area of 1.5 square
- Lundy’s Lane, Battle of (United States history)
Battle of Lundy’s Lane, (July 25, 1814), engagement fought a mile west of Niagara Falls, ending a U.S. invasion of Canada during the War of 1812. After defeating the British in the Battle of Chippewa on July 5, 1814, U.S. troops under General Jacob Brown established themselves at Queenston. On the
- Lundy, Benjamin (American abolitionist)
Benjamin Lundy was an American publisher and leading abolitionist in the 1820s and ’30s. Born to Quaker parents, Lundy was introduced early on to antislavery sentiment, as Quakers condemned the practice. His dedication to the abolitionist cause, however, did not begin until he was working as an
- Lundy, John Silas (American physician)
history of medicine: Anesthesia and thoracic surgery: John Lundy of the Mayo Clinic brought to a climax a long series of trials by many workers when he used Pentothal (thiopental sodium, a barbiturate) to put a patient peacefully to sleep. Then, in 1942, Harold Griffith and G. Enid Johnson of Montreal produced…
- Lundy, King of (British financier)
Martin Coles Harman was an English financier and one of the few private individuals—particularly, one of the few persons while alive—to have his portrait on coins. Harman engaged in questionable dealings that led to bankruptcy in 1932 and imprisonment in 1933–34 for fraud. In 1925 he purchased for
- Lundy, Lamar (American football player)
Los Angeles Rams: From The Fearsome Foursome to Eric Dickerson: … and ends Deacon Jones and Lamar Lundy. The Rams also featured pro football’s first “big” quarterback, 6-foot 5-inch (1.9-metre) Roman Gabriel. As dominant as the Foursome was, however, the Rams never advanced any further than the divisional playoff round over the course of the ’60s.
- lune (geometry)
Quadrature of the Lune: …between circular arcs, known as lunes, could be expressed exactly as a rectilinear area, or quadrature. In the following simple case, two lunes developed around the sides of a right triangle have a combined area equal to that of the triangle.
- Lune, River (river, England, United Kingdom)
River Lune, river rising near Newbiggin, administrative county of Cumbria, historic county of Westmorland, England, and flowing 45 miles (72 km) westward and then southward to empty into the Irish Sea a few miles south of Heysham in Lancashire. The river drains part of the northern Pennines, and
- Lüneburg (Germany)
Lüneburg, city, Lower Saxony Land (state), north-central Germany. It lies on the Ilmenau River at the northeastern edge of the Lüneburg Heath (Lüneburger Heide), 30 miles (50 km) south of Hamburg. Known as Luniburc in ad 956, it expanded in the 12th century under Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony. It
- Lüneburg Heath (region, Germany)
Lüneburg Heath, region, Lower Saxony Land (state), north-central Germany, between the Aller and Elbe rivers. Its main character is that of a broad saddleback running about 55 miles (90 km) in a southeast-northwest direction with a mean elevation of about 250 feet (75 metres) and a high point,
- Lüneburger Heide (region, Germany)
Lüneburg Heath, region, Lower Saxony Land (state), north-central Germany, between the Aller and Elbe rivers. Its main character is that of a broad saddleback running about 55 miles (90 km) in a southeast-northwest direction with a mean elevation of about 250 feet (75 metres) and a high point,
- Lünen (Germany)
Lünen, city, North Rhine–Westphalia Land (state), northwestern Germany. It lies on the Lippe River and the Seiten Canal, just north of Dortmund. Founded 1336–40 and chartered in 1341 by the count of Mark, it passed to Brandenburg in 1609 and to Prussia in 1701. Lünen is a rail junction, port, and
- Lunenburg (Nova Scotia, Canada)
Lunenburg, town, seat of Lunenburg county, southeastern Nova Scotia, Canada, lying on Lunenburg Bay, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, 57 mi (92 km) west-southwest of Halifax. The town site was once occupied by the Indian village of Malliggeak or Merliguesche (Milky Bay) and later by a French fishing
- lunette (geological feature)
playa: Effects of wind action: …these features are sometimes called clay dunes. In Australia they are known as lunettes. James M. Bowler, an Australian Quaternary stratigrapher, produced a precise chronology of playa development and associated eolian activity in the desert of western New South Wales, Australia. There, numerous small lakes reached their maximum extent 32,000…
- lunette (architecture)
lunette, arching aperture in a wall or concave ceiling. It may be crescent-shaped or semicircular. The word is the French diminutive of lune, “moon.” Lunettes may function as windows, they may form a cove for ornament or statuary, or they may be simply a section of wall framed by an arch or vault.
- Lunettes du lion, Les (work by Vildrac)
children’s literature: The 20th century: …his now-classic comic animal tale Les Lunettes du lion won immediate success (Eng. trans., The Lion’s Eyeglasses, 1969). On a high literary level, not accessible to all children, was Le Petit Prince (1943, both French and English, The Little Prince) by the famous aviator-author Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. The very vagueness…
- Lunéville (France)
Lunéville, town in the Meurthe-et-Moselle département, Grand Est région, eastern France, situated at the confluence of the Vezouze and Meurthe rivers, east-southeast of Nancy. Incorporated in the duchy of Lorraine in the 15th century, it was joined to France in 1766. The Treaty of Lunéville between
- Lunéville faience (pottery)
Lunéville faience, tin-glazed earthenware, faience fine, and a kind of unglazed faience fine produced from 1723 at Lunéville, France. The first factory, established by Jacques Chambrette, became the Manufacture Royale du Roi de Pologne (“Royal Factory of the King of Poland”) in 1749, when the
- Lunéville, Treaty of (European history)
Napoleon I: Military campaigns and uneasy peace: …was forced to sign the Treaty of Lunéville of February 1801, whereby France’s right to the natural frontiers that Julius Caesar had given to Gaul—namely, the Rhine, the Alps, and the Pyrenees—was recognized.
- lunfardo (language)
Argentina: Language and religion: …century, an underworld language called lunfardo developed in Buenos Aires, composed of words from many languages—among them Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, French, German, and languages from Africa. Lunfardo is now often heard in the lyrics of tango music.
- lung (Chinese mythology)
long, in Chinese mythology, a type of majestic beast that dwells in rivers, lakes, and oceans and roams the skies. Originally a rain divinity, the Chinese dragon, unlike its malevolent European counterpart (see dragon), is associated with heavenly beneficence and fecundity. Rain rituals as early as
- lung (anatomy)
lung, in air-breathing vertebrates, either of the two large organs of respiration located in the chest cavity and responsible for adding oxygen to and removing carbon dioxide from the blood. In humans each lung is encased in a thin membranous sac called the pleura, and each is connected with the
- lung cancer (pathology)
lung cancer, disease characterized by uncontrolled growth of cells in the lungs. Lung cancer was first described by doctors in the mid-19th century. In the early 20th century it was considered relatively rare, but by the end of the century it was the leading cause of cancer-related death among men
- lung congestion (medical condition)
lung congestion, distention of blood vessels in the lungs and filling of the alveoli with blood as a result of an infection, high blood pressure, or cardiac insufficiencies (i.e., inability of the heart to function adequately). The alveoli in the lungs are minute air sacs where carbon dioxide and
- lung disease
e-cigarette: …2019 a dramatic rise in lung disease associated with vaping raised concerns about the safety of e-cigarettes and related devices. Of particular concern was the use of e-cigarettes for vaping THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), the active ingredient of marijuana, and the use of e-cigarettes purchased from street dealers, which had a very…
- lung fluke (flatworm)
paragonimiasis: …most commonly is with the lung fluke Paragonimus westermani, which may reach some 8 to 12 mm (0.3 to 0.5 inch) in length. Paragonimiasis caused by P. westermani is especially common in East Asia, particularly in Japan. Infections involving other Paragonimus species are known to occur in parts of Africa…
- lung infarction (medicine)
lung infarction, death of one or more sections of lung tissue due to deprivation of an adequate blood supply. The section of dead tissue is called an infarct. The cessation or lessening of blood flow results ordinarily from an obstruction in a blood vessel that serves the lung. The obstruction may
- lung plague (animal disease)
lung plague, an acute bacterial disease producing pneumonia and inflammation of lung membranes in cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goats. It is caused by Mycoplasma mycoides. See also
- lung squeeze (pathology)
thoracic squeeze, compression of the lungs and thoracic (chest) cavity that occurs during a breath-holding dive under water. During the descent, an increase in pressure causes air spaces and gas pockets within the body to compress. The lungs are among the few bodily organs that are influenced by
- lung transplant (medical procedure)
transplant: The lung: Chronic fatal disease of the lung is common, but the progress of the disease is usually slow, and the patient may be ill for a long time. When the lung eventually fails, the patient is likely to be unfit for a general anesthetic and…
- lung ventilation/perfusion scan (medicine)
lung ventilation/perfusion scan, in medicine, a test that measures both air flow (ventilation) and blood flow (perfusion) in the lungs. Lung ventilation/perfusion scanning is used most often in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, the blockage of one of the pulmonary arteries or of a connecting
- Lung, The (work by Farrell)
J.G. Farrell: He followed it with The Lung (1965), in which he drew upon his own affliction with polio, which he contracted at Oxford, to present a downbeat portrait of an irascible man confined to an iron lung. On the strength of these two works, in 1966 Farrell won a fellowship…
- Lung-ch’ing (emperor of Ming dynasty)
Longqing was the 12th emperor (reigned 1566/67–72) of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), in whose short reign the famous minister Zhang Juzheng first came to power and the country entered a period of stability and prosperity. During his reign, the Mongol leader Altan (died 1583), who had been harassing
- Lung-ch’üan ware (pottery)
Longquan ware, celadon stoneware produced in kilns in the town of Longquan (province of Zhejiang), China, from the Song to the mid-Qing dynasties (roughly from the 11th to the 18th century). Early Longquan celadons had a transparent green glaze that was superb in quality, thick, and viscous,
- Lung-men caves (cave temples, China)
Longmen caves, series of Chinese cave temples carved into the rock of a high riverbank south of the city of Luoyang, in Henan province. The cave complex, designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2000, is one of China’s most popular tourist destinations. The temples were begun late in the Bei
- lung-p’ao (Chinese court dress)
dress: China: Qifu, or “dragon robes” (longpao) as they were usually called, were designed for regular court wear by men and women of imperial, noble, and official rank. The qifu was a straight, kimono-sleeved robe with a closely fitted neckband that continued across the breast and down…
- Lung-shan culture (anthropology)
Longshan culture, Neolithic culture of central China, named for the site in Shandong province where its remains were first discovered by C.T. Wu. Dating from about 2600 to 2000 bce, it is characterized by fine burnished ware in wheel-turned vessels of angular outline; abundant gray pottery;
- Lung-yen (China)
Longyan, city, Fujian sheng (province), southeastern China. It is situated in the mountainous southwestern region of the province on a branch of the Jiulong River, at the centre of a fertile agricultural basin ringed by wooded hills. A highway network connects it with Zhangzhou and Xiamen (Amoy) on
- lungan (plant and fruit)
longan, (Dimocarpus longan), tropical fruit tree of the soapberry family (Sapindaceae), native to Asia and introduced into other warm regions of the world. The edible white-fleshed fruits are somewhat similar to the related lychee and are commonly sold fresh, dried, or canned in syrup. The juicy
- lungfish (fish)
lungfish, (subclass Dipnoi), any member of a group of six species of living air-breathing fishes and several extinct relatives belonging to the class Sarcopterygii and characterized by the possession of either one or two lungs. The Dipnoi first appeared in the Early Devonian Epoch (about 419.2
- Lunghi family (Italian architectural family)
Longhi family, a family of three generations of Italian architects who were originally from Viggiu, near Milan, but worked in Rome. Martino Longhi the Elder (died 1591) was a Mannerist architect who was commissioned by Pope Sixtus V (1585–90) to build the church of San Girolamo degli Schiavoni
- Lunghi, Martino, the Elder (Italian architect)
Longhi family: Martino Longhi the Elder (died 1591) was a Mannerist architect who was commissioned by Pope Sixtus V (1585–90) to build the church of San Girolamo degli Schiavoni (1588–90) and continued work on the Chiesa Nuova (Santa Maria in Vallicella, Rome; 1599–1605 and on), which had…
- Lunghi, Martino, the Younger (Italian architect)
Longhi family: …died in 1619, his son, Martino Longhi the Younger (1602–57), continued the work. Onorio Longhi also designed the large oval chapel in San Giovanni in Laterano, Rome.
- Lunghi, Onorio (Italian architect)
Longhi family: His son, Onorio Longhi (1569–1619), began his major work, San Carlo al Corso, Rome, one of the largest churches in that city, in January 1612; and when he died in 1619, his son, Martino Longhi the Younger (1602–57), continued the work. Onorio Longhi also designed the large…
- lungi (clothing)
Bangladesh: Daily life and social customs: The lungi (a length of cloth wrapped around the lower half of the body, comparable to the Malaysian sarong) with a short vest is the most common form of male attire in the countryside and in the less-wealthy sections of urban settlements. Men of the educated…
- Lungleh (India)
Lunglei, town, south-central Mizoram state, northeastern India. It is located 131 miles (211 km) south of Aizawl, the state capital. Lunglei is one of the most populous towns in the Mizo Hills. Rice is the principal crop in the agricultural economy. Cottage industries produce hand-loomed cloth,
- Lunglei (India)
Lunglei, town, south-central Mizoram state, northeastern India. It is located 131 miles (211 km) south of Aizawl, the state capital. Lunglei is one of the most populous towns in the Mizo Hills. Rice is the principal crop in the agricultural economy. Cottage industries produce hand-loomed cloth,
- lungless salamander (amphibian)
lungless salamander, (family Plethodontidae), any of more than 370 species of lungless amphibians dependent largely on cutaneous respiration (gas exchange through moistened skin). Plethodontidae is the largest group of salamanders, and its members occur predominantly in the Americas from southern
- Lungmachi Formation (geological formation, China)
Silurian Period: Platform margins: The Longmaqi Formation of the Yangtze platform in South China is one such shale body, which indicates the base of the Silurian System throughout parts of Yunnan, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, and Guizhou provinces. As much as 500 metres (1,640 feet) thick in places, these shales…
- Lungs (album by Florence + the Machine)
Florence Welch: …and the group’s debut album, Lungs (2009), topped the U.K. charts. Florence + the Machine collected the award for the British album of the year at the 2010 Brit Awards, and a spellbinding performance at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards introduced Welch to an American audience and propelled Lungs…
- lungs (anatomy)
lung, in air-breathing vertebrates, either of the two large organs of respiration located in the chest cavity and responsible for adding oxygen to and removing carbon dioxide from the blood. In humans each lung is encased in a thin membranous sac called the pleura, and each is connected with the
- Lungu, Edgar (president of Zambia)
Zambia: Zambia in the 21st century: Edgar Lungu, the PF candidate, won with 48.3 percent of the vote, just slightly more than the 46.7 percent garnered by his nearest competitor, Hakainde Hichilema of the United Party for National Development (UPND). Lungu was sworn in as president on January 25.
- Lungué-Bungo (river, Africa)
Lungwebungu River, largest headwater tributary of the Zambezi River, in southwest central Africa. It rises in the central plateau of Angola as the Lungué-Bungo River to flow east and southeast into Zambia. There it joins the Zambezi 65 miles (105 km) north of Mongu, after a course of 400 miles (645
- Lungwebungu River (river, Africa)
Lungwebungu River, largest headwater tributary of the Zambezi River, in southwest central Africa. It rises in the central plateau of Angola as the Lungué-Bungo River to flow east and southeast into Zambia. There it joins the Zambezi 65 miles (105 km) north of Mongu, after a course of 400 miles (645
- lungworm (nematode)
lungworm, any of the parasitic worms of the superfamily Metastrongyloidea (phylum Nematoda) that infest the lungs and air passages of mammals, including dolphins and whales. Examples include those of the genus Metastrongylus that live in pigs and those of the genus Dictyocaulus that live in sheep
- lungwort (plant genus)
lungwort, any plant of the genus Pulmonaria of the family Boraginaceae, especially P. officinalis, an herbaceous, hairy perennial plant, widespread in open woods and thickets of Europe. It is grown as a garden flower for its drooping, pink flowers that turn blue and for its often white-spotted
- lungwort (lichen)
tree lungwort, (Lobaria pulmonaria), a lichen that, because of its physical resemblance to the lungs, was once used to treat tuberculosis, pneumonia, and other lung diseases. Its elongated, forked thallus (12 to 18 centimetres), loosely attached at one end, is dark green when wet and greenish brown
- Luni (river, India)
Luni River, river in Rajasthan state, western India. Rising on the western slopes of the Aravalli Range near Ajmer, where it is known as the Sagarmati, the river flows generally southwestward through the hills and across the plains of the region. It then enters a patch of desert before it finally
- Luni River (river, India)
Luni River, river in Rajasthan state, western India. Rising on the western slopes of the Aravalli Range near Ajmer, where it is known as the Sagarmati, the river flows generally southwestward through the hills and across the plains of the region. It then enters a patch of desert before it finally
- Luniburc (Germany)
Lüneburg, city, Lower Saxony Land (state), north-central Germany. It lies on the Ilmenau River at the northeastern edge of the Lüneburg Heath (Lüneburger Heide), 30 miles (50 km) south of Hamburg. Known as Luniburc in ad 956, it expanded in the 12th century under Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony. It
- lunisolar calendar
calendar: The Near East and the Middle East: The lunisolar calendar, in which months are lunar but years are solar—that is, are brought into line with the course of the Sun—was used in the early civilizations of the whole Middle East, except Egypt, and in Greece. The formula was probably invented in Mesopotamia in…
- Lunn, Sir Arnold (British athlete)
Sir Arnold Lunn was a British slalom skier and international authority on skiing who in 1922 introduced slalom gates (paired poles between which the skier must pass on his downward descent) and thereby created the modern Alpine slalom race. Lunn was introduced to skiing as a boy by his father, a
- Lunneborg, Clifford E. (American psychologist)
human intelligence: Cognitive theories: Hunt, Nancy Frost, and Clifford E. Lunneborg, who in 1973 showed one way in which psychometrics and cognitive modeling could be combined. Instead of starting with conventional psychometric tests, they began with tasks that experimental psychologists were using in their laboratories to study the basic phenomena of cognition, such…
- Lunsar (Sierra Leone)
Lunsar, town, west-central Sierra Leone, western Africa. A traditional trade centre of the Marampa–Masimera chiefdom for rice and palm oil and kernels, it developed after 1933 with the exploitation of iron ore, mined at Marampa, 4 miles (6 km) east. The Marampa mine closed down in 1975. The town
- Lunt and Fontanne (American husband-and-wife acting team)
Lunt and Fontanne, American husband-and-wife acting team who performed together in more than two dozen theatrical productions, from Sweet Nell of Old Drury (1923) to The Visit (1958). Alfred Lunt (b. Aug. 19, 1892, Milwaukee, Wis., U.S.—d. Aug. 3, 1977, Chicago, Ill.) and Lynn Fontanne (original
- Lunt, Alfred (American actor)
Lunt and Fontanne: Lunt attended Carroll College (Waukesha, Wis.) and Harvard College but left school for an acting career, making his debut in a Boston repertory company in 1912 and thereafter taking several dramatic and vaudeville roles; these culminated in a critical success in the title role of…
- lunule (invertebrate anatomy)
sand dollar: …five or six slots, or lunules, through the test (external skeleton). Most sand dollars measure from 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 inches) in diameter. Species of comparable size occur in shallow coastal waters throughout the rest of the world, except in Europe and Antarctica.
- Lunyu (Chinese text)
Lunyu, one of four texts of Confucianism that, when published together in 1190 by the Neo-Confucian philosopher Zhu Xi, became the great Chinese classic known as Sishu (“Four Books”). Lunyu has been translated into English as The Analects of Confucius. Lunyu is considered by scholars to be the most
- Lunyu banyuekan (Chinese periodical)
Lin Yutang: In 1932 Lin established the Lunyu banyuekan (“Analects Fortnightly”), a type of Western-style satirical magazine totally new to China at that time. It was highly successful, and he soon introduced two more publications. In 1935 Lin published the first of his many English-language books, My Country and My People. It…
- luo (musical instrument)
luo, any of several sizes and styles of Chinese gong. The most common luo are characteristically round and convex in shape, with edges that are turned toward the back. They come in many sizes and may be played singly or in groups; small luo of different sizes (and therefore pitches) may be hung
- Luo (people)
Luo, people living among several Bantu-speaking peoples in the flat country near Lake Victoria in western Kenya and northern Tanzania. More than four million strong, the Luo constitute the fourth largest ethnic group in Kenya (about one-tenth of the population) after the Kikuyu (with whom they
- Luo Ben (Chinese author)
Luo Guanzhong was a Chinese writer who traditionally has been credited as the author of the novels Sanguozhi yanyi (Romance of the Three Kingdoms) and Shuihuzhuan (Water Margin, or All Men Are Brothers), which are classics of Chinese literature. Little is known with confidence about Luo’s life. His
- Luo Daobun (Chinese author)
Luo Guanzhong was a Chinese writer who traditionally has been credited as the author of the novels Sanguozhi yanyi (Romance of the Three Kingdoms) and Shuihuzhuan (Water Margin, or All Men Are Brothers), which are classics of Chinese literature. Little is known with confidence about Luo’s life. His
- Luo Guan (Chinese author)
Luo Guanzhong was a Chinese writer who traditionally has been credited as the author of the novels Sanguozhi yanyi (Romance of the Three Kingdoms) and Shuihuzhuan (Water Margin, or All Men Are Brothers), which are classics of Chinese literature. Little is known with confidence about Luo’s life. His
- Luo Guanzhong (Chinese author)
Luo Guanzhong was a Chinese writer who traditionally has been credited as the author of the novels Sanguozhi yanyi (Romance of the Three Kingdoms) and Shuihuzhuan (Water Margin, or All Men Are Brothers), which are classics of Chinese literature. Little is known with confidence about Luo’s life. His