Jeremy Irons: …and as Humbert Humbert in Lolita (1997), a controversial adaptation of Vladimir Nabokov’s novel. In the animated blockbuster The Lion King (1994), Irons provided the voice of a villainous lion.

Lolita, American dark comedy film, released in 1962, that was Stanley Kubrick’s film adaptation of Vladimir Nabokov’s controversial novel of the same name. (Read Martin Scorsese’s Britannica essay on film preservation.) In the film, eccentric middle-aged Humbert Humbert (played by James Mason) is

ryegrass, (genus Lolium), genus of about 10 species of grass in the family Poaceae. A number of species are grown as forage and lawn grasses in temperate Eurasia and Africa, and both perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and annual ryegrass (L. multiflorum) are important constituents of pasture and

ryegrass: …perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and annual ryegrass (L. multiflorum) are important constituents of pasture and lawn-seed mixtures used around the world. The plants are unrelated to cereal rye (Secale cereale).

ryegrass: …Eurasia and Africa, and both perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and annual ryegrass (L. multiflorum) are important constituents of pasture and lawn-seed mixtures used around the world. The plants are unrelated to cereal rye (Secale cereale).

darnel, noxious weed of the ryegrass (q.v.) genus

Lolland, island of Denmark, in the Baltic Sea. It is separated from southern Zealand by Smålandsfarvandet Sound. Lolland has an area of 480 square miles (1,243 square km). The fourth largest island of the Danish archipelago, its irregular coastline is broken by Sakskøbing and Nakskov fjords. There

Lollapalooza, annual Chicago rock festival that features dozens of hip-hop, techno, and alternative rock performers over a four-day period. Lollapalooza was begun in 1991 by Jane’s Addiction leader Perry Farrell as a multicity venue for his band’s farewell tour. Farrell claimed that he chose the

Lollard, in late medieval England, a follower, after about 1382, of John Wycliffe, a University of Oxford philosopher and theologian whose unorthodox religious and social doctrines in some ways anticipated those of the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. The name, used pejoratively, derived from

cephalopod: Ecology: …water except for the squid Lolliguncula brevis, which occurs along the Florida coast in bays where the salinity is as low as 8.5 parts per thousand (about one-fourth that of the open ocean). Cephalopods are excluded from the Baltic Sea by lower salinities but have been found in areas of…

Gina Lollobrigida was an Italian actress and professional photographer whose earthy sexuality helped promote her to international film stardom in the 1950s and ’60s. Lollobrigida’s father was a furniture maker in Subiaco, but during World War II the family moved to Rome. Though she studied painting

Gina Lollobrigida was an Italian actress and professional photographer whose earthy sexuality helped promote her to international film stardom in the 1950s and ’60s. Lollobrigida’s father was a furniture maker in Subiaco, but during World War II the family moved to Rome. Though she studied painting

Gina Lollobrigida was an Italian actress and professional photographer whose earthy sexuality helped promote her to international film stardom in the 1950s and ’60s. Lollobrigida’s father was a furniture maker in Subiaco, but during World War II the family moved to Rome. Though she studied painting

Yi, ethnic group of Austroasiatic origin living largely in the mountains of southwest China and speaking a Tibeto-Burman language. The Yi people numbered more than 7.5 million in the early 21st century. Their principal concentrations were in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, with smaller numbers in

Tibeto-Burman languages: The Lolo-Burmese-Naxi group: …work has been done on Lolo-Burmese (also called Burmese-Lolo or Burmese-Yipho) than on any other branch of Tibeto-Burman. Burmese, attested since the 12th century ce, is one of the best-known Tibeto-Burman languages. The languages of the North Loloish subgroup (called Yi in China) are firmly within the Sinosphere, and many…

pre-Columbian civilizations: The earliest Maya civilization of the lowlands: …site is the cave of Loltún in Yucatán, where a relief figure of a standing leader in pure Izapan style is accompanied by a number of unreadable hieroglyphs as well as a notation in the 260-day count. This inscription raises the question of writing and the calendar among the lowland…

Herbert Lom was a Czech actor whose brooding looks and versatility allowed him a highly diverse screen career, though he was perhaps best known for his work in the Pink Panther film series. Lom was born to a titled but fading aristocratic family. Sources differ on his birth date, giving either

Celtic literature: The 17th century: John Macdonald, known as Iain Lom, took an active part in the events of his time. His life spanned an eventful period in Highland history, and his poetry reflected this. He composed poems about the battles of Inverlochy and Killiecrankie, a lament for the Marquess…

Guinea: Settlement patterns: Farther east among the Loma and Kpelle people, fire-cleared land was used to plant vegetables and rice. Larger villages were usually located on remote hillside terraces often surrounded by secondary forest growth.

Guinea Highlands: …the highest peaks are found: Mount Loma Mansa (Bintimani), 6,391 feet (1,948 metres), in the Loma Mountains and Sankanbiriwa, 6,080 feet (1,853 metres), in the Tingi Mountains.

Loma Mountains, mountain range in northeastern Sierra Leone, extending for about 20 miles (32 km) in a north-south direction, west of the source of the Niger River in the Guinea Highlands. Rising abruptly above the granite plateau and savanna grasslands, the range contains Mount Loma Mansa

San Francisco earthquake of 1989, major earthquake that struck the San Francisco Bay Area, California, U.S., on October 17, 1989, and caused 63 deaths, nearly 3,800 injuries, and an estimated $6 billion in property damage. It was the strongest earthquake to hit the area since the San Francisco

Cordillera Central: Duarte Peak, originally known as Mount Loma Tina and then as Trujillo Peak, rises to 10,417 feet (3,175 m); it is thus the highest peak in the West Indies. The rugged, heavily forested slopes of the cordillera have defied all but a few attempts to…

Lomami River, river in Congo (Kinshasa), a major tributary of the Congo River. It rises in the Katanga highlands of southern Congo and flows northward some 930 miles (1,500 km) to join the Congo at Isangi, some 70 miles (113 km) west of

Willy Loman, fictional character, an aging traveling salesman who is the protagonist of Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman (1949). The role has been performed by many noteworthy actors, including Fredric March, Dustin Hoffman, and Brian

Lomariopsidaceae, family of ferns (order Polypodiales), containing 4 genera and 69 species. Members of Lomariopsidaceae are distributed in tropical regions of both the Old and the New World, with very few species extending into the temperate zone. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with

pre-Columbian civilizations: The Late Preceramic: …camped in winter on the lomas, patches of vegetation outside the valleys that were watered at that season by fogs. In summer, when the lomas dried up, they built camps along the shore. The lomas provided wild seeds, tubers, and large snails; deer, camelids (probably guanaco), owls, and foxes were…

Lomas de Zamora, cabecera (county seat) and partido (county) of Gran (Greater) Buenos Aires, eastern Argentina. It lies immediately south of the city of Buenos Aires, in Buenos Aires provincia (province). The name and origin of the county and county seat date from the late 16th century, when Juan

War of the Triple Alliance: In the Campaign of Lomas Valentinas in December, the Paraguayan army was annihilated. López fled northward and carried on a guerrilla war until he was killed on March 1, 1870.

Lomaum Dam, dam on the upper Catumbela River in western Angola. The Lomaum hydroelectric plant provides power for the cities of Lobito and Benguela on the Atlantic coast and for Huambo (Nova Lisboa) inland. The dam was completed in

Alan Lomax was an American ethnomusicologist, one of the most dedicated and knowledgeable folk-music scholars of the 20th century. After study at Harvard University, the University of Texas at Austin (B.A., 1936), and Columbia University, Lomax toured the prisons of the American Deep South with his

Mississippi Delta blues: The early tradition: Folk music scholars John and Alan Lomax, meanwhile, documented Delta blues music in field recordings made at the Mississippi State Penitentiary, colloquially known as “Parchman Farm,” in Sunflower county, Mississippi.

Lombard, village, DuPage county, northeastern Illinois, U.S. A suburb of Chicago, it lies 20 miles (30 km) west of downtown. Founded in 1833 and originally known as Babcock’s Grove (for the first settlers, Ralph and Morgan Babcock), it was renamed in 1868 for Josiah Lombard, a Chicago banker who

military technology: Terminology and classification: …efficient wrought-iron cannon were called bombards or lombards, a term that continued in use well into the 16th century. The term basilisk, the name of a mythical dragonlike beast of withering gaze and flaming breath, was applied to early “long” cannon capable of firing cast-iron projectiles, but, early cannon terminology…

Lombard, member of a Germanic people who from 568 to 774 ruled a kingdom in Italy. The Lombards were one of the Germanic tribes that formed the Suebi, and during the 1st century ad their home was in northwestern Germany. Though they occasionally fought with the Romans and with neighbouring tribes,

Italy: Lombards and Byzantines: …of these pieces was the Lombard kingdom of northern Italy and Tuscany. By the 620s its capital was at Pavia, which remained the capital of the north until the 11th century; other major centres were Verona, Milan, Turin (Torino), Lucca, and Cividale, the capital of the duchy of Friuli. Friuli…

Italy: Lombard Italy: The evidence of Lombard law reinforces this pattern. Rothari’s Edict and Liutprand’s laws look much like the legislation of the Franks and of other Germanic peoples; they deal, for example, with the carefully calculated compensations for various crimes of violence that aimed to replace violent feuds or at…

Lombard League, league of cities in northern Italy that, in the 12th and 13th centuries, resisted attempts by the Holy Roman emperors to reduce the liberties and jurisdiction of the communes of Lombardy. Originally formed for a period of 20 years on Dec. 1, 1167, the Lombard League initially

Walter Bagehot: In 1873 he published Lombard Street, which, though really a tract arguing for a larger central reserve in the hands of the Bank of England, in fact contains the germ of the modern theory of central banking and exchange control. He was working on a major series of economic…

Carole Lombard was an American actress who was known for her ability to combine elegance and zaniness in some of the most successful and popular film comedies of the 1930s. After studying acting and dancing as a child, she made her screen debut as a 13-year-old tomboy in A Perfect Crime (1921);

Peter Lombard was a 12th-century bishop whose Four Books of Sentences (Sententiarum libri IV) was the standard theological text of the Middle Ages. After early schooling at Bologna, he went to France to study at Reims and then at Paris. From 1136 to 1150 he taught theology in the school of Notre

Cincinnati Reds: …future Hall of Fame catcher Ernie Lombardi and that led the Reds to NL pennants in 1939 and 1940, as well as a World Series win in the latter season. By the middle of the decade, the Reds again found themselves routinely finishing in the bottom half of the NL.

Vince Lombardi was an American professional football coach who became a national symbol of single-minded determination to win. In nine seasons (1959–67) as head coach of the previously moribund Green Bay Packers, he led the team to five championships of the National Football League (NFL) and, in

Vince Lombardi was an American professional football coach who became a national symbol of single-minded determination to win. In nine seasons (1959–67) as head coach of the previously moribund Green Bay Packers, he led the team to five championships of the National Football League (NFL) and, in

Lombardy, regione of northern Italy. It is bordered on the north by Switzerland and by the Italian regioni of Emilia-Romagna (south), Trentino–Alto Adige and Veneto (east), and Piedmont (west). Administratively, Lombardy consists of the provincie of Bergamo, Brescia, Como, Cremona, Lecco, Lodi,

St. George: …de Voragine’s Legenda aurea (1265–66; Golden Legend) repeats the story of his rescuing a Libyan king’s daughter from a dragon and then slaying the monster in return for a promise by the king’s subjects to be baptized. George’s slaying of the dragon may be a Christian version of the legend…

Guy Lombardo was a Canadian-born American dance-band leader whose New Year’s Eve radio and television broadcasts with his Royal Canadians became an American tradition for 48 years. Derided by some music critics as the “king of corn,” Lombardo gained long-lasting popularity by conducting what was

Guy Lombardo was a Canadian-born American dance-band leader whose New Year’s Eve radio and television broadcasts with his Royal Canadians became an American tradition for 48 years. Derided by some music critics as the “king of corn,” Lombardo gained long-lasting popularity by conducting what was

Pietro Lombardo was a leading sculptor and architect of Venice in the late 15th century, known for his significant contribution to the Renaissance in that city. He was the father of Tullio and Antonio, both respected sculptors of the time. Lombardo’s early work shows a Florentine influence, but his

Lombardy, regione of northern Italy. It is bordered on the north by Switzerland and by the Italian regioni of Emilia-Romagna (south), Trentino–Alto Adige and Veneto (east), and Piedmont (west). Administratively, Lombardy consists of the provincie of Bergamo, Brescia, Como, Cremona, Lecco, Lodi,

Italy: The Vienna settlement: …proclaimed the formation of the kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia. The new state was a fiction, however, because the two regions remained separate, each subject to the central ministries in Vienna. Milan lost its role as a capital, most of the Napoleonic administration was dismantled, and the centralizing authority of Vienna became…

Boma, city and port on the Congo River estuary, southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo. It lies 60 miles (100 km) from the Atlantic Ocean. One of the nation’s oldest communities, it was a trading centre and slave market before the middle of the 19th century. In 1886 Boma became the capital

Evan Hunter was a prolific American writer of best-selling fiction, of which more than 50 books are crime stories published under the pseudonym Ed McBain. Hunter graduated from Hunter College (1950) and held various short-term jobs, including playing piano in a jazz band and teaching in vocational

Lomblen Island, largest of the Solor Islands, in the Lesser Sundas, Nusa Tenggara Timur provinsi (“province”), Indonesia. Lomblen lies between the Flores Sea (north) and the Savu Sea (south), about 25 miles (40 km) east of Flores and just east of Adonara Island. The island is irregular in shape,

Lombok, island, Nusa Tenggara Barat provinsi (province), Indonesia. It is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying due east of Bali across the Lombok Strait and due west of Sumbawa across the Alas Strait. To the north is the Java Sea, to the south the Indian Ocean. The island, which has an area of

Bjørn Lomborg is a Danish political scientist and statistician who gained world renown in the early 21st century for his critique of mainstream theories of ecological crisis and later advocated efforts to combat climate change. Lomborg was the first member of his immediate family to receive a

Cesare Lombroso was an Italian criminologist whose views, though now largely discredited, brought about a shift in criminology from a legalistic preoccupation with crime to a scientific study of criminals. Lombroso studied at the universities of Padua, Vienna, and Paris, and from 1862 to 1876 he

Lomé, city, capital of Togo. Lomé lies on the Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic coast) in the extreme southwestern corner of the country. Selected as the colonial capital of German Togoland in 1897, it became important as an administrative, commercial, and transport centre. A modern town was laid out, and a

Africa: Exports: …of agreements, collectively called the Lomé Conventions, that guaranteed preferential access to the European Economic Community (precursor to the European Community and, later, the European Union) for various export commodities from African states and that provided European aid and investment funding. Nonetheless, a significant export trade developed with the United…

Africa: Exports: …of agreements, collectively called the Lomé Conventions, that guaranteed preferential access to the European Economic Community (precursor to the European Community and, later, the European Union) for various export commodities from African states and that provided European aid and investment funding. Nonetheless, a significant export trade developed with the United…

Togo: Education: The University of Lomé (founded in 1970) provides French-language instruction and has schools of humanities and science and a university institute of technology. The University of Kara (founded in 1974) offers instruction in a range of faculties, including arts and humanities and law and politics. A…

Étienne-Charles de Loménie de Brienne was a French ecclesiastic and minister of finance on the eve of the French Revolution. His unusual intelligence and aristocratic connections secured his rapid advancement in the church: he became bishop of Condom in 1760 and archbishop of Toulouse in 1763. He

gastronomy: The Pacific and Southeast Asia: Another famous delicacy is lomi lomi, a fresh salmon that is massaged by hand to break down its tissues and remove the salt. Chunks of the fish are mixed with onion and tomatoes. Besides the stone-baked pig, which is always a part of the luau, and several other local…

Orazio Gentileschi was an Italian Baroque painter, one of the more important painters who came under the influence of Caravaggio and who was one of the more successful interpreters of his style. His daughter, Artemisia Gentileschi, who was trained in his studio, also became a noteworthy Baroque

urban culture: The neocolonial city: As Larissa Lomnitz indicates in Networks and Marginality: Life in a Mexican Shantytown (1977), recent rural migrants and shantytown dwellers act as maids, gardeners, and handymen to the industrial workers and the middle class at costs well below what would be charged if the formal sector…

Loch Lomond, largest of the Scottish lakes, lying across the southern edge of the Highlands. It forms part of the boundary between the council area of Stirling and the council area of Argyll and Bute. The council area of West Dunbartonshire forms its southern shore; the historic county of

Lomonosov, town, Leningrad oblast (region), northwestern European Russia, on the Gulf of Finland. Lomonosov was founded in 1710 by Prince Menshikov and was a summer retreat of the Russian royal family. The palace of Peter I (the Great) (1714) and the Chinese Palace, designed by the Italian

Lomonosov Ridge, major submarine ridge of the Arctic Ocean. The ridge is 1,100 miles (1,800 km) long. From Ellesmere Island on the continental shelf of North America, the ridge extends north to a point near the North Pole and then continues south to a point near the continental shelf of the New

Mikhail Lomonosov was a Russian poet, scientist, and grammarian who is often considered the first great Russian linguistics reformer. He also made substantial contributions to the natural sciences, reorganized the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Sciences, established in Moscow the university

Mikhail Lomonosov was a Russian poet, scientist, and grammarian who is often considered the first great Russian linguistics reformer. He also made substantial contributions to the natural sciences, reorganized the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Sciences, established in Moscow the university

Mikhail Lomonosov was a Russian poet, scientist, and grammarian who is often considered the first great Russian linguistics reformer. He also made substantial contributions to the natural sciences, reorganized the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Sciences, established in Moscow the university

Lompoc, city, Santa Barbara county, southwestern California, U.S. It lies along the Santa Ynez River in the coastal Lompoc valley, 155 miles (250 km) northwest of Los Angeles. Originally inhabited by Chumash Indians, the area was part of a Spanish land grant established in 1787. The city was

Jonah Lomu was a New Zealand rugby union football player who was perhaps rugby’s first global icon and a remarkable player. Lomu was the youngest person to play for the New Zealand national team, the All Blacks, debuting on the wing at age 19 against France in 1994. The following year, he was named

Jonah Lomu was a New Zealand rugby union football player who was perhaps rugby’s first global icon and a remarkable player. Lomu was the youngest person to play for the New Zealand national team, the All Blacks, debuting on the wing at age 19 against France in 1994. The following year, he was named

Malawi: Ethnic groups and languages: Lomwe, Yao, Tumbuka, Sena, Tonga, Ngoni, Ngonde, and the Lambya/Nyiha. All the African languages spoken are Bantu languages.

Łomża, city, Podlaskie województwo (province), northeastern Poland. Located on the Narew and Komżyczka rivers in the west-central plains of Podlaskie, it lies midway between the cities of Ostrołęka and Białystok. Łomża was first chronicled in the 14th century and received its city rights in 1428.

Perhaps no one was better prepared for a career in silent cinema than Lon Chaney (1883–1930). His skills were honed during his childhood, when he learned to communicate with his deaf parents through facial expression, pantomime, and sign language. Famous as the “Man of a Thousand Faces,” his

Lon Nol was a soldier and politician whose overthrow of Prince Norodom Sihanouk (1970) involved Cambodia in the Indochina war and ended in the takeover (1975) of the country by the communist Khmer Rouge. Lon Nol entered the French colonial service in 1937 and became a magistrate, then a provincial

Little Red Riding Hood: Modern versions: …Caldecott Medal-winning children’s picture book Lon Po Po: A Red-Riding Hood Story from China. In Young’s book, three young girls outsmart a wolf who pretends to be their grandmother. The 2005 animated comedy film Hoodwinked! satirizes the classic tale as a crime scene investigation and depicts the grandmother (voiced by…

Argentina: Perón in power: …he was overthrown by General Eduardo Lonardi and fled the country.

fern: Annotated classification: Family Lonchitidaceae Plants have a Neotropical distribution; 1 genus (Lonchitis) with about 30 species. Suborder Saccolomatineae Family Saccolomataceae Plants mostly in soil; rhizomes short-creeping to erect, sometimes appearing as short trunks, scaly; leaves 1 to

mannikin, any of numerous birds of the tribe Amadini of the songbird family Estrildidae. This name is given particularly to certain species of the genus Lonchura. Mannikins are finchlike birds, mostly brownish and often with black throats and fine barring. Large flocks occur in open country from

mannikin: 5-inch) bronze mannikin (L. cucullata) has large communal roosts in Africa; it has been introduced into Puerto Rico, where it is called hooded weaver. Abundant in southern Asia are the nutmeg mannikin (L. punctulata), also called spice finch or spotted munia, and the striated mannikin (L.…

munia: …kept as pets include the white-headed munia (L. maja) of Thailand to Java and the green munia, or green tiger finch (Amandava formosa), of India. The white-throated munia is also called silverbill, as are other birds with silver bills. For red munia, see avadavat.

munia: The black-headed munia, or chestnut mannikin (Lonchura malacca, including atricapilla and ferruginosa), is a pest in rice fields from India to Java and the Philippines; as a cage bird it is often called tricolour nun. Others kept as pets include the white-headed munia (L. maja) of…

mannikin: …in southern Asia are the nutmeg mannikin (L. punctulata), also called spice finch or spotted munia, and the striated mannikin (L. striata), also called white-backed munia. The former is established in Hawaii, where it is called ricebird. A domestic strain of the latter is called Bengal finch.

mannikin: …or spotted munia, and the striated mannikin (L. striata), also called white-backed munia. The former is established in Hawaii, where it is called ricebird. A domestic strain of the latter is called Bengal finch.

London, city, capital of the United Kingdom. It is among the oldest of the world’s great cities—its history spanning nearly two millennia—and one of the most cosmopolitan. By far Britain’s largest metropolis, it is also the country’s economic, transportation, and cultural center. London is situated

London, city, seat of Middlesex county, southeastern Ontario, Canada. It lies at the forks of the Thames River, midway between Lakes Ontario (east) and St. Clair (west) and Lakes Huron (north) and Erie (south). Its name and site were chosen in 1792 for the location of a capital of Canada West

London, city, capital of the United Kingdom. It is among the oldest of the world’s great cities—its history spanning nearly two millennia—and one of the most cosmopolitan. By far Britain’s largest metropolis, it is also the country’s economic, transportation, and cultural center. London is situated

Samuel Johnson: The Gentleman’s Magazine and early publications of Samuel Johnson: London is an “imitation” of the Roman satirist Juvenal’s third satire. (A loose translation, an imitation applies the manner and topics of an earlier poet to contemporary conditions.) Thales, the poem’s main speaker, bears some resemblance to the poet Richard Savage, of whom Johnson knew…

William Blake: Blake as a poet: In “London” the speaker, shown in the design as blind, bearded, and “age-bent,” sees in “every face…marks of woe,” and observes that “In every voice…The mind-forg’d manacles I hear.” In “The Tyger,” which answers “The Lamb” of Innocence, the despairing speaker asks the “Tyger burning bright”…

London 1908 Olympic Games, athletic festival held in London that took place April 27–October 31, 1908. The London Games were the fourth occurrence of the modern Olympic Games. The 1908 Olympic Games originally were scheduled for Rome, but, with Italy beset by organizational and financial obstacles,

London 1948 Olympic Games, athletic festival held in London that took place July 29–August 14, 1948. The London Games were the 11th occurrence of the modern Olympic Games. Despite limited preparation time and after much debate over the need for a sports festival at a time when many countries were

London’s music scene was transformed during the early 1960s by an explosion of self-described rhythm-and-blues bands that started out in suburban pubs and basements where students, former students, and could-have-been students constituted both the audience and the performers. In short order many of

As Britain’s finances spiraled downward and the nation found itself suppliant to the International Monetary Fund, the seeming stolidity of 1970s London concealed various, often deeply opposed, radical trends. The entrepreneurial spirit of independent record labels anticipated the radical economic

London 2012 Olympic Games, athletic festival held in London that took place July 27–August 12, 2012. The London Games were the 27th occurrence of the modern Olympic Games. In 2012 London became the first city to host the modern Summer Games three times, having previously been the site of the 1908

Mayflower: …of English merchants called the London Adventurers, the Mayflower was prevented by rough seas and storms from reaching the territory that had been granted in Virginia (a region then conceived of as much larger than the present-day U.S. state of Virginia, at the time including the Mayflower’s original destination in…

Tod Browning: The MGM and Universal years: In London After Midnight (1927; now lost) Chaney had a dual role as a Scotland Yard inspector and a sinister vampire. Chaney played “Dead-Legs” Phroso, a paralyzed former magician who raises the daughter of his hated rival in a brothel but does not know she is…

Nürnberg trials: …these trials stemmed from the London Agreement of August 8, 1945. On that date, representatives from the United States, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and the provisional government of France signed an agreement that included a charter for an international military tribunal to conduct trials of major Axis war criminals…