piranha: The lobetoothed piranha (P. denticulata), which is found primarily in the basin of the Orinoco River and the tributaries of the lower Amazon, and the San Francisco piranha (P. piraya), a species native to the San Francisco River in Brazil, are also dangerous to humans. Most…

cantata: …the so-called symphony-cantata Lobgesang (1840; Hymn of Praise), whereas the 20th-century English composer Benjamin Britten gave the title Spring Symphony (1949) to a work that is actually a cantata.

Lobi, people residing in the western region of Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta) and in the Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast) and speaking a Gur language of the Niger-Congo family. They are farmers and hunters, growing millet and sorghum as staples. Traditionally, the Lobi governed themselves through

phalarope: …phalarope in Britain, and the northern phalarope (P. lobatus), called red-necked phalarope in Britain. Both species winter on tropical oceans, where they are known as sea snipe. Wilson’s phalarope (P. tricolor) breeds primarily in interior western North America and migrates chiefly to the Argentine pampas.

Lobito, port city, western Angola, on the Atlantic coast just north of the Catumbela estuary. Its bay, one of Africa’s finest natural harbours, is protected by a 3-mile- (5-km-) long sandspit. The city, built on the sandspit and reclaimed land, was founded in 1843 by order of Maria II of Portugal,

lapwing: The red-wattled lapwing, Vanellus (sometimes Lobivanellus) indicus, and the yellow-wattled lapwing (V. malabaricus), of southern Asia, have wattles on the face. Others are the gray-headed lapwing (Microsarcops cinereus), of eastern Asia, and the long-toed lapwing (Hemiparra crassirostris), of Africa.

history of Europe: The crisis in the Habsburg lands: As a Bohemian noblewoman, Polyxena Lobkovic, perceptively observed from the vantage point of Prague: “Things are now swiftly coming to the pass where either the papists will settle their score with the Protestants, or the Protestants with the papists.”

Wenzel Eusebius, Fürst von Lobkowitz was a statesman who served as chief minister of the Aulic Council (Reichshofrat) under the Habsburg emperor Leopold I. During the Thirty Years’ War (1618–48) he fought first in Bohemia and Silesia under Albrecht von Wallenstein and later in the Rhineland and

gordonia: …East Asia and includes the loblolly bay and other trees with yellow-centred, white, camellia-like blooms. The loblolly bay, or tan bay (G. lasianthus), native to southeastern North America, reaches about 19 metres (60 feet). It has ascending branches, an oval form, evergreen leaves, and long-stalked, fragrant flowers in late summer.…

KieranTimberlake: …construction; one example is the Loblolly House (2006), Taylors Island, Maryland. Cellophane House (2008), a five-story fabricated dwelling commissioned by the Museum of Modern Art in New York, highlighted the firm’s ongoing research into on-site assembly, disassembly, the life span of materials, and the development of energy-gathering “skin.” Later projects…

rosin: palustris, and the loblolly pine, P. taeda, of the southern Atlantic and eastern Gulf states.

Bohemian glass: …century but was revived by Ludwig Lobmeyr, a Viennese industrialist who founded a glass-designing studio at Kamenický Šenov (Steinschönau).

Manuel Zelaya: …the country’s history—Zelaya narrowly defeated Porfirio Lobo Sosa of the National Party of Honduras (Partido Nacional de Honduras; PN). Zelaya’s administration focused on fighting crime, particularly the ongoing illicit drug trade in the country, but during his term crime remained an intractable problem. In May 2007, in response to media…

Francisco Rodrigues Lobo was a pastoral poet, known as the Portuguese Theocritus, after the ancient Greek originator of that poetic genre. Rodrigues Lobo received a degree in law at Coimbra and then entered the service of the Duke of Braganza. His first book of poems, Romances (1596), written in

Manuel Zelaya: …the country’s history—Zelaya narrowly defeated Porfirio Lobo Sosa of the National Party of Honduras (Partido Nacional de Honduras; PN). Zelaya’s administration focused on fighting crime, particularly the ongoing illicit drug trade in the country, but during his term crime remained an intractable problem. In May 2007, in response to media…

Rebecca Lobo is an American basketball player who was one of the original stars of the Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA). Lobo was part of a close-knit, basketball-oriented family. Her sister, Rachel, was a basketball coach at Salem (Massachusetts) State College, and her brother,

Rebecca Lobo is an American basketball player who was one of the original stars of the Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA). Lobo was part of a close-knit, basketball-oriented family. Her sister, Rachel, was a basketball coach at Salem (Massachusetts) State College, and her brother,

mollusk: Evolution and paleontology: …branches called subclades: the supraclass Loboconcha (or Diasoma), including the suspension-feeding bivalves, and the infaunal scaphopods, sharing a common ancestor in the fossil class Rostroconchia. These groups have a mantle with the shell enlarged in width to envelop the soft body as well as an anterior elongated foot to live…

crabeater seal, (species Lobodon carcinophagus), southern seal of the family Phocidae found among drifting ice packs around the Antarctic continent. A slender animal measuring about 2–2.5 m (6.6–8.2 feet) long and up to about 225 kg (500 pounds) in weight, the crabeater seal feeds on krill

Mpondo: …wives through the payment of lobola (bridewealth). Political structure consisted of a number of subsidiary chiefdoms subordinated in varying degrees to a central chieftaincy under a royal lineage.

bird-of-paradise: …mocha-breasted, bird-of-paradise (Cnemophilus macgregorii); the wattle-billed, or golden-silky, bird-of-paradise (Loboparadisea sericea); and Loria’s, or Lady Macgregor’s, bird-of-paradise (Loria loriae)—three species formerly classified as bowerbirds.

lobopod, collective name for two phyla of animals: Onychophora and Tardigrada. Phyla Onychophora and Tardigrada have long been considered separate from their close arthropod relatives. Both groups have similar paired locomotory appendages, called lobopodia (or lobopods); a body cavity (hemocoel); a

protist: Pseudopodia: Lobopodia may be flattened or cylindrical (tubular). Amoeba proteus is probably the best-known protist possessing lobopodia. Although the precise mechanisms of amoeboid movement are unresolved, there is general agreement that contraction of the outer, nongranular layer of cytoplasm (the ectoplasm) causes the forward flow of…

protist: Pseudopodia: Lobopodia may be flattened or cylindrical (tubular). Amoeba proteus is probably the best-known protist possessing lobopodia. Although the precise mechanisms of amoeboid movement are unresolved, there is general agreement that contraction of the outer, nongranular layer of cytoplasm (the ectoplasm) causes the forward flow of…

T Bone Burnett: …critically acclaimed major-label debut from Los Lobos, How Will the Wolf Survive?, and soon after he worked with Elvis Costello, whose King of America (1986) and Spike (1989) feature Burnett as both producer and performer. While these and other projects helped to establish Burnett professionally, his work on The Turning…

tripletail: …family contains two genera (Lobotes and Datnioides), with members of the first genus found in tropical or warm temperate marine waters and those of the second found in brackish or freshwater environments. The name tripletail refers specifically to Lobotes surinamensis, the largest species in the family, which reaches a…

tripletail: …name tripletail refers specifically to Lobotes surinamensis, the largest species in the family, which reaches a length of 1 m (3 feet) and is found worldwide.

tripletail, any of four species of fishes constituting the family Lobotidae (order Perciformes). The family contains two genera (Lobotes and Datnioides), with members of the first genus found in tropical or warm temperate marine waters and those of the second found in brackish or freshwater

lobotomy, surgical procedure in which the nerve pathways in a lobe or lobes of the brain are severed from those in other areas. The procedure was formerly used as a radical therapeutic measure to help grossly disturbed patients with schizophrenia, manic depression and mania (bipolar disorder), and

lobster, any of numerous marine crustaceans (phylum Arthropoda, order Decapoda) constituting the families Homaridae (or Nephropsidae), true lobsters; Palinuridae, spiny lobsters, or sea crayfish; Scyllaridae, slipper, Spanish, or shovel lobsters; and Polychelidae, deep-sea lobsters. All are marine

lobster pot, in commercial fishing, portable trap to capture lobster, either half-cylindrical or rectangular and constructed of laths, formerly wooden but now usually plastic. An opening permits the lobster to enter, but not to escape, through a tunnel of netting. Pots are usually constructed with

Olivia Colman: Films: The Lobster, The Favourite, and The Lost Daughter: …Yorgos Lanthimos’s acclaimed surrealist film The Lobster, playing the manager of a hotel where single people must find a spouse within 45 days or be turned into an animal. The Lobster won the Jury Prize at the Cannes film festival, and Colman received another BIFA award, this one for best…

Mount Everest: Drainage and climate: …Khumbu Glacier melts into the Lobujya (Lobuche) River of Nepal, which flows southward as the Imja River to its confluence with the Dudh Kosi River. In Tibet the Rong River originates from the Pumori and Rongbuk glaciers and the Kama River from the Kangshung Glacier: both flow into the Arun…

Mount Everest: Drainage and climate: …Khumbu Glacier melts into the Lobujya (Lobuche) River of Nepal, which flows southward as the Imja River to its confluence with the Dudh Kosi River. In Tibet the Rong River originates from the Pumori and Rongbuk glaciers and the Kama River from the Kangshung Glacier: both flow into the Arun…

breast cancer: Types of breast cancer: …of these tissues are called lobular carcinomas and ductal carcinomas. Because these tissues are glandular, both cancers are called adenocarcinomas. The most common type of tumour, called infiltrating ductal carcinoma, is a single, hard, barely movable lump. This type of tumour accounts for about 70 percent of all cases. Fewer…

sweet alyssum, (Lobularia maritima), annual or short-lived perennial herb of the mustard family (Brassicaceae). It is native to the Mediterranean region. Sweet alyssum is widely grown as a border ornamental for its fragrant clusters of small flowers. Sweet alyssum has white four-petaled flowers;

human ear: Outer ear: The lobule, the fleshy lower part of the auricle, is the only area of the outer ear that contains no cartilage. The auricle also has several small rudimentary muscles, which fasten it to the skull and scalp. In most individuals these muscles do not function, although…

human respiratory system: Pulmonary segments: …subdivided into smaller units, the pulmonary segments. There are 10 segments in the right lung and, depending on the classification, eight to 10 segments in the left lung. Unlike the lobes, the pulmonary segments are not delimited from each other by fissures but by thin membranes of connective tissue containing…

Latin American dance: Puerto Rico: …the common man), and the loca (men dressed as women who traditionally swept filth from the streets).

Council of Europe: The Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of Europe is a consultative body that represents local and regional (subnational) governments within the council. The Secretariat, with a staff of about 1,000, serves the other three main organizations within the council.

anesthetic: Local anesthetics: Local anesthetics provide restricted anesthesia because they are administered to the peripheral sensory nerves innervating a region, usually by injection. Thus, local anesthetics are useful in minor surgical procedures, such as the extraction of teeth. The first known and generally used local anesthetic…

local area network (LAN), any communication network for connecting computers within a building or small group of buildings. A LAN may be configured as (1) a bus, a main channel to which nodes or secondary channels are connected in a branching structure, (2) a ring, in which each computer is

armistice: …hostilities—called a local armistice or truce—established for a variety of specific purposes, such as collecting the dead. Or it may involve a general armistice (i.e., a total cessation of all hostilities) such as the French armistice agreement of 1940. Although a total cessation may appear to be tantamount to a…

the Local Church, international Evangelical Christian group founded in China in the 1930s and based on the belief that a city or town should have only one church. The Local Church grew out of the ministry of Watchman Nee (1903–72), a Chinese Christian who had been strongly influenced by the

local colour, style of writing derived from the presentation of the features and peculiarities of a particular locality and its inhabitants. Although the term local colour can be applied to any type of writing, it is used almost exclusively to describe a kind of American literature that in its

pirate radio: From piracy to microbroadcasting: …licensed radio station, and the Local Community Radio Act, passed by Congress in 2010, made it easier for noncommercial LPFM broadcasters to obtain FCC licenses.

cultural globalization: The persistence of local culture: The term local culture is commonly used to characterize the experience of everyday life in specific, identifiable localities. It reflects ordinary people’s feelings of appropriateness, comfort, and correctness—attributes that define personal preferences and changing tastes. Given the strength of local cultures, it is difficult to argue that…

Audrey Thomas: …Company in the 1800s; and Local Customs (2014), which was inspired by the mysterious death of Letty Landon, a writer who died in 1838 shortly after marrying and traveling to Africa.

Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian language: Definitions: …languages should be distinguished from local dialects. Every language has its local spoken forms, but not every group in the world has created a standard language. In order to make one, someone must choose which one or more of the local dialects will serve as a basis and which words…

animal social behaviour: Social interactions involving movement: The benefits of forming dispersal swarms, flocks, and coalitions are considered similar to the advantages of living in aggregations as both exploit the potential benefits of living in groups. Moving about in groups can provide additional advantages, such as the reduction in turbulence and energy savings accrued by geese…

therapeutics: Local drug therapy: Local anesthetics produce loss of sensation and make it possible for many surgical procedures to be performed without a general anesthetic. Barring any complications, the need for the patient to remain overnight in the hospital is obviated. Local anesthetics are also used…

employee training: …Wales and also of 22 Local Enterprise Companies in Scotland. These independent companies, operated by private business leaders, manage a variety of job-training programs on behalf of the British government.

therapeutics: Reconstructive surgery: This can be a local flap, in which tissue is freed and rotated from an adjacent area to cover the defect, or a free flap, in which tissue from another area of the body is used. An example of a local flap is the rotation of adjacent tissue (skin…

unified field theory: …to invoke the concept of local gauge invariance, which postulates symmetries of the basic field equations at each point in space and time (see gauge theory). Both electromagnetism and general relativity already involved such symmetries, but the important step was the discovery that a gauge-invariant quantum field theory of the…

local government, authority to determine and execute measures within a restricted area inside and smaller than a whole state. Some degree of local government characterizes every country in the world, although the degree is extremely significant. The variant, local self-government, is important for

France: The Consulate: The Local Government Act of February 1800 eliminated elections for local office entirely and organized local administration from the top down. To run each département, the Consulate appointed a prefect, reminiscent of the old royal intendants, who was assisted by subprefects on the level of the…

Northern Territory: Administrative framework: …in small communities by the Local Government Act of 1985; by the beginning of the 21st century, the territory had more than 60 officially recognized “local governing bodies,” including municipal and community councils, incorporated associations, and one special-purpose town. Some of the programs and facilities administered by local governments include…

borough: …abolished in a reorganization of local government in 1974. Further reorganization in the 1990s established 36 English metropolitan borough councils and 33 London borough councils. Borough county councils also were created in Wales.

Wales: Union with England: …of local government by the Local Government Act of 1888, the county councils were established.

The Gambia: Local government: The Gambia is organized into Local Government Areas (LGA), each of which either is coterminous with a long-standing administrative unit known as a division or corresponds with roughly half of a division. The city of Banjul and the Kanifing Municipality each form a separate LGA. Most decision making is done…

Local Group, in astronomy, the group of more than 20 galaxies to which the Milky Way Galaxy belongs. About half are elliptical galaxies, with the remainder being of the spiral or irregular type. As in other clusters of galaxies, members are probably kept from separating by their mutual

National Health Service: Local health authority services provide maternity and child welfare, posthospital care, home nursing, immunization, ambulance service, and various other preventive and educational services. They may also operate family-planning clinics, as well as day nurseries for children.

Burt Lancaster: …oil billionaire in the comedy Local Hero (1983), an enjoyable reunion with Kirk Douglas in Tough Guys (1986), and his moving portrayal of an aging doctor who still regrets his missed opportunity in professional baseball in the immensely popular Field of Dreams (1989). Lancaster gave his final performance in the…

complexity: The science of complexity: Local information. In the real world of complex systems, no agent knows what all the other agents are doing. At most, each person gets information from a relatively small subset of the set of all agents and processes this “local” information to come to a…

Matthew Shepard: In 2007 the Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act (later dubbed the Matthew Shepard Act) was introduced to address these shortcomings in the law. Although the bill was passed by the U.S. House of Representatives, it was delayed because of widespread Republican opposition, including from U.S. Pres.…

telephone: Power source: …a two-wire circuit called the local loop. The standard voltage is 48 volts.

Italy: Health and welfare: …in 1978 and based on Local Medical Units (Unità Sanitarie Locali, USL; later renamed Aziende Sanitarie Locali, ASL). In 1992–99 a radical reorganization of the national health system was carried out. Key features of the new system were the rationalization of public expenditures and the improvement of patient care services.

telephone: Manual switching: …a central switching point, or telephone exchange, than it was to run wires between all the instruments. In 1878 the first telephone exchange was installed in New Haven, Connecticut, permitting up to 21 customers to reach one another by means of a manually operated central switchboard. The manual switchboard was…

double refraction: …along the direction of its optic axis, however, the light ray will not become divided.

double refraction: …along the direction of its optic axis, however, the light ray will not become divided.

local option, in the United States, provision of a state law leaving localities free to forbid or to license certain activities within their boundaries. By accommodating differences of circumstance and feeling between different geographic regions, such provisions reduce conflict at the state level.

David Kellogg Lewis: (A local quality is a property or characteristic that can be instantiated at a specific point in space and time. Although it is ultimately up to physics to determine what local qualities there are, two likely candidates are electric charge and temperature.) Theme 3 implies that…

local government: The variant, local self-government, is important for its emphasis upon the freedom of the locality to decide and act.

Milky Way Galaxy: Solar motion calculations from radial velocities: …stars with respect to that standard of rest—are randomly distributed. Considering the geometry then provides a mathematical solution for the motion of the Sun through the average rest frame of the stars being considered.

supercluster: Abell—as the Local Supercluster, a flattened collection of about 100 groups and clusters of galaxies including the Local Group. The Local Supercluster is centred approximately on the Virgo cluster and has a total extent of roughly 2 108 light-years. Its precise boundaries, however, are difficult to define…

plant disease: Symptoms: Local symptoms are physiological or structural changes within a limited area of host tissue, such as leaf spots, galls, and cankers. Systemic symptoms are those involving the reaction of a greater part or all of the plant, such as wilting, yellowing, and dwarfing. Primary symptoms…

syncope: Local syncope is whitening, weakness, coldness, and numbness of a small area of the body, especially the fingers, as a result of diminished blood flow to the part. It is associated with Raynaud’s disease.

income tax: Personal deductions: …the United States state and local taxes on property and income are deductible. These deductions are tantamount to subsidies from the national to the subnational governments. Foreign taxes on real property and income are also deductible, although most taxpayers elect instead to credit their foreign income taxes against their U.S.…

motivation: Hunger: …these two, known as the local theory of hunger, suggested that the hunger signals that initiate eating originate in the gastrointestinal tract, specifically the stomach. Hunger pangs were thought to be the result of stomach contractions. Considerable research has shown that such an analysis is inadequate to explain hunger motivation.…

thunderstorm: Isolated thunderstorms: These storms are sometimes called air-mass or local thunderstorms. They are mostly vertical in structure, are relatively short-lived, and usually do not produce violent weather at the ground. Aircraft and radar measurements show that such storms are composed of one or more convective cells, each of which goes through a…

foundations of mathematics: Gödel and category theory: …special kind of topos called local. Given an arrow p into Ω in 𝒯, then, p is true in 𝒯 if p coincides with the arrow true in 𝒯, or, equivalently, if p is a theorem in the internal language of 𝒯. 𝒯 is called a local topos provided that…

poison: Local versus systemic toxic responses: Toxic responses are also classified according to the site at which the response is produced. The site of toxic response can be local (at the site of first contact or portal of entry of the chemical) or systemic (produced in…

mass transit, the movement of people within urban areas using group travel technologies such as buses and trains. The essential feature of mass transportation is that many people are carried in the same vehicle (e.g., buses) or collection of attached vehicles (trains). This makes it possible to

climate: Scale classes: …are often referred to as local wind systems.

Ted Kooser: His nonfiction work included Local Wonders: Seasons in the Bohemian Alps (2002) and The Poetry Home Repair Manual: Practical Advice for Beginning Poets (2005), a guidebook to writing poetry.

language: Language and conceptualization: This “localist” theory, as it has been called, has been debated since the beginning of the 19th century and probably cannot be accepted as it stands, but the fact that it can be proposed and argued shows the dominant position that spatial relations hold in the…

localization, in politics, the emphasis or increased salience of locality. The term localization appears frequently in policy analysis within two contexts. The first can be called the organizational context, where localization denotes efforts to tailor services to local settings as much as possible

nervous system: Localized potential: When a physical stimulus, such as touch, taste, or colour, acts on a sensory receptor cell specifically designed to respond to that stimulus, then the energy of the stimulus (e.g., mechanical, chemical, light) is transduced, or transformed, into an electrical response. This response…

Carlo Goldoni: , Mine Hostess, 1928) and two fine plays in Venetian dialect, I rusteghi (performed 1760; “The Tyrants”) and Le baruffe chiozzote (performed 1762; “Quarrels at Chioggia”).

hydrocarbon: Nomenclature: …a number (3-), called a locant, obtained by successively numbering the carbons in the parent chain starting at the end nearer the branch. The compound is therefore called 3-methylheptane.

Locarno, town, Ticino canton, southern Switzerland. It is situated at the northern end of Lago Maggiore, near the mouth of the Maggia River, west of Bellinzona. The site was settled in prehistoric times, and the town was first mentioned in 789. A possession of the dukes of Milan from 1342, it was

Pact of Locarno, (Dec. 1, 1925), series of agreements whereby Germany, France, Belgium, Great Britain, and Italy mutually guaranteed peace in western Europe. The treaties were initialed at Locarno, Switz., on October 16 and signed in London on December 1. The agreements consisted of (1) a treaty of

Pact of Locarno, (Dec. 1, 1925), series of agreements whereby Germany, France, Belgium, Great Britain, and Italy mutually guaranteed peace in western Europe. The treaties were initialed at Locarno, Switz., on October 16 and signed in London on December 1. The agreements consisted of (1) a treaty of

Pietro Locatelli was an Italian violinist and composer, one of the first great violinists who practiced virtuosity for virtuosity’s sake, thereby extending the technical vocabulary of the violin. He is perhaps best known for his L’Arte del violino, a group of 12 violin concerti issued with 24

Pietro Locatelli was an Italian violinist and composer, one of the first great violinists who practiced virtuosity for virtuosity’s sake, thereby extending the technical vocabulary of the violin. He is perhaps best known for his L’Arte del violino, a group of 12 violin concerti issued with 24

location theory: William Alonso (Location and Land Use: Toward a General Theory of Land Rent, 1964) built upon the Thünen model to account for intra-urban variations in land use. He attempted to apply accessibility requirements to the city centre for various types of land use (housing, commercial, and industry).…

location theory, in economics and geography, theory concerned with the geographic location of economic activity; it has become an integral part of economic geography, regional science, and spatial economics. Location theory addresses the questions of what economic activities are located where and

location theory: Weber’s theory, called the location triangle, sought the optimum location for the production of a good based on the fixed locations of the market and two raw material sources, which geographically form a triangle. He sought to determine the least-cost production location within the triangle by figuring the total…

geography: Human geography as locational analysis: In human geography, the new approach became known as “locational” or “spatial analysis” or, to some, “spatial science.” It focused on spatial organization, and its key concepts were embedded into the functional region—the tributary area of a major node, whether a port, a…

Armenian language: Morphology and syntax: ablative, instrumental, and locative. However, many of these forms overlapped so that usually only three or four different forms existed; e.g., žam ‘time’ was both nominative and accusative, žamê was ablative, and žamu was genitive, dative, instrumental, and locative. A special form of locative was very rare. There…