Kolleru Lake, lake in northeastern Andhra Pradesh state, southern India. It lies between the Godavari and Krishna river deltas near the city of Eluru. During the height of the summer monsoon rainy season, the lake may expand to 100 square miles (260 square km). Carp and prawns are fished

Kollidam River, river, east-central Tamil Nadu state, southeastern India. Formed by the northern bifurcation of the Kaveri (Cauvery) River just west of Srirangam, the Kollidam River flows in an easterly and then northeasterly direction for about 95 miles (150 km) and empties through several mouths

Rudolf Albert von Kölliker was a Swiss embryologist and histologist, one of the first to interpret tissue structure in terms of cellular elements. Kölliker became professor of physiology and comparative anatomy at the University of Zürich in 1844; in 1847 he transferred to the University of

monotreme: Paleontology and classification: …galmani), and the uniquely specialized Kollikodontidae, which is also represented by a single species (Kollikodon ritchiei). Both are known only from opalized jaw fragments. The strange rounded cusps on the molar teeth of K. ritchiei were a surprise to paleontologists, suggesting that Cretaceous monotremes may have been more diverse and…

Berlin: Origins: …that of its sister town, Kölln, with which it later merged. Both were founded near the beginning of the 13th century. In 1987 both East and West Berlin celebrated the city’s 750th anniversary. Whatever the date of foundation, it is certain that the two towns were established for geographic and…

Aleksandra Mikhaylovna Kollontay was a Russian revolutionary who advocated radical changes in traditional social customs and institutions in Russia and who later, as a Soviet diplomat, became the first woman to serve as an accredited minister to a foreign country. The daughter of a general in the

South Asian arts: Pre-Islāmic period: …local temple, were discovered at Kollur, in Mysore state.

Käthe Kollwitz was a German graphic artist and sculptor who was an eloquent advocate for victims of social injustice, war, and inhumanity. The artist grew up in a liberal middle-class family and studied painting in Berlin (1884–85) and Munich (1888–89). Impressed by the prints of fellow artist Max

Andrey Nikolayevich Kolmogorov was a Russian mathematician whose work influenced many branches of modern mathematics, especially harmonic analysis, probability, set theory, information theory, and number theory. A man of broad culture, with interests in technology, history, and education, he played

Yakov Sinai: …was the development of the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy. In collaboration with Kolmogorov, he built upon the work of American engineer Claude Shannon, who developed a measure of the efficiency of a communications system, called the entropy, that is computed on the basis of the statistical properties of the message source. (In…

Kholmogory, village, port, and administrative centre of Kholmogory rayon (sector), Arkhangelsk oblast (region), northwestern European Russia. It lies along the Northern Dvina River, 47 miles (75 km) southeast of the city of Arkhangelsk. The village has existed since 1355, when it served traders as

Cologne, fourth largest city in Germany and largest city of the Land (state) of North Rhine–Westphalia. One of the key inland ports of Europe, it is the historic, cultural, and economic capital of the Rhineland. Cologne’s commercial importance grew out of its position at the point where the huge

University of Cologne, autonomous, state-supported coeducational institution of higher learning in Cologne, Ger., founded in 1388 as a municipal university. In spite of Protestant influences, the university became a centre of German Roman Catholicism. The University of Cologne was abolished by the

Cologne Cathedral, Roman Catholic cathedral church, located in the city of Cologne, Germany. It is the largest Gothic church in northern Europe and features immense twin towers that stand 515 feet (157 metres) tall. The cathedral was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996. The site of

kolo, communal dance of some Balkan areas, the many variations of which are performed at weddings and other festive occasions. The name probably derives from the Old Slavic word for “wheel.” The dance may be performed in a closed circle, in a single chain, or in two parallel lines. In some

Kołobrzeg, city, Zachodniopomorskie województwo (province), northwestern Poland. It lies at the mouth of the Parsęta River on the Baltic Sea. It is a port and health spa, with its economy relying on fishing and tourism. Founded as a Slavic stronghold in the 8th century, Kołobrzeg was incorporated

Annette Kolodny was an American literary critic, one of the first to use feminist criticism to interpret American literary works and cultural history. Kolodny was educated at Brooklyn College of the City University of New York (B.A., 1962) and the University of California, Berkeley (M.A., 1965;

Lake Tana, largest lake of Ethiopia, in a depression of the northwest plateau, 6,000 feet (1,800 meters) above sea level. It forms the main reservoir for the Blue Nile (Abbay) River, which drains its southern extremity near Bahir Dar. The lake’s surface covers 1,418 square miles (3,673 square km),

Aleksandr Ivanovich Herzen: Life in exile.: …in 1856, and a newspaper, Kolokol (The Bell), created in 1857 with the aid of his old friend Ogaryov, now also an émigré. Herzen’s aim was to influence both the government and the public toward emancipation of the peasants, with generous allotments of land and the liberalization of Russian society.…

Theódoros Kolokotrónis was a prominent Greek patriot in the War of Greek Independence (1821–30). As a member of the Greek revolutionary society Philikí Etaireía, Kolokotrónis led Moreot bands during the War of Independence. His most brilliant action was his part in the defeat of Mahmud Dramali’s

Lozi: …conquered in 1838 by the Kololo of South Africa; in Kololo speech “Aluyi” became “Barotse.” In 1864 the Aluyi defeated the Kololo, and “Barotse” has since become “Lozi” (“Malozi”), referring to both the dominant group and all its subjects. The dominant Lozi occupy the floodplain of the Zambezi River, and…

Coloman was the king of Hungary from 1095 who pursued expansionist policies and stabilized and improved the internal order of Hungary. Coloman was the natural son of King Géza I by a Greek concubine. King Ladislas (László), his uncle, would have made him a monk, but Coloman refused and eventually

World War II: The Southwest and South Pacific, June–October 1943: …of Kula Gulf and of Kolombangara, the Allies lost one cruiser and two destroyers and had three more cruisers crippled; and the Japanese, though they lost a cruiser and two destroyers, were able to land considerable reinforcements (from New Britain). Only substantial counter-reinforcement secured the New Georgia group of islands…

Kolomenskoye, locality and former royal estate, on the right bank of the Moskva River, since 1960 part of the southeastern sector of the city of Moscow, western Russia. The village of Kolomenskoye developed around an estate first mentioned in the 1339 will of Ivan Kalita, prince of Muscovy and

Kolomna, city, Moscow oblast (region), western Russia. It lies southeast of Moscow near the confluence of the Moskva and Oka rivers. First mentioned in 1177, Kolomna formed a key stronghold on Moscow’s southern frontier; it was sacked four times by the Tatars. Kolomna was one of the earliest

Volodymyr Zelensky: Early life and career as an entertainer: That network was owned by Ihor Kolomoisky, one of the wealthiest people in Ukraine, and the relationship between Zelensky and Kolomoisky would become the subject of scrutiny when Zelensky declared his intention to enter politics. In addition to working in television during this period, Zelensky appeared in a number of…

Kolomyya, city, western Ukraine, on the Prut River. Documents first mention the city in 1240. It initially grew as a salt-trading town and over time became an administrative centre. In the 19th century Kolomyya was an important site of Ukrainian cultural life in Galicia. It is now a trading centre

Kolomyya, city, western Ukraine, on the Prut River. Documents first mention the city in 1240. It initially grew as a salt-trading town and over time became an administrative centre. In the 19th century Kolomyya was an important site of Ukrainian cultural life in Galicia. It is now a trading centre

Zala, megye (county), western Hungary. It is bordered by the counties of Vas to the northwest, Veszprém to the northeast, and Somogy to the east and by Croatia to the south and Slovenia to the southwest. Zalaegerszeg is the county seat. Other major towns include Hévíz, Keszthely, Letenye,

mechanics of solids: Stress concentrations and fracture: …in 1907 the Russian mathematician Gury Vasilyevich Kolosov, and independently in 1914 the British engineer Charles Edward Inglis, derived the analogous solution for stresses around an elliptical hole. Their solution showed that the concentration of stress could become far greater, as the radius of curvature at an end of the…

Anton, graf von Kolowrat was an Austrian statesman, longtime ministerial chief of domestic affairs in the Austrian Empire (1826–48), and the principal political rival of Prince Klemens von Metternich. A member of an aristocratic Bohemian family, Kolowrat became mayor of Prague in 1807 and, in 1809,

Anton, graf von Kolowrat was an Austrian statesman, longtime ministerial chief of domestic affairs in the Austrian Empire (1826–48), and the principal political rival of Prince Klemens von Metternich. A member of an aristocratic Bohemian family, Kolowrat became mayor of Prague in 1807 and, in 1809,

Cluj-Napoca, city, capital of Cluj județ (county), northwestern Romania. The historic capital of Transylvania, it is approximately 200 mi (320 km) northwest of Bucharest in the Someșul Mic River valley. The city stands on the site of an ancient Dacian settlement, Napoca, which the Romans made a

kolp’um, (Korean: “bone rank”), Korean hereditary status system used to rank members of the official class of the Unified Silla dynasty (668–935). The system originally began as a way of distinguishing the status and function of members of the Silla confederation, a union of the six major tribes of

Gulf of Kiparissía, broad inlet of the Ionian Sea (Modern Greek: Ióvio Pélagos) of the western Peloponnese (Pelopónnisos), Greece, about 35 mi (55 km) in width. Flanking the shallow estuary of the Alpheius, the chief river of the Peloponnese, a series of large lagoons extend southward 15 mi along

Gulf of Mirabéllo, deep gulf of the Aegean Sea on the northern coast of eastern Crete (Modern Greek: Kríti), the nomós (department) of Lasíthi, Greece. It separates the Díkti massif on the west from a range of hills on the east that include Mount Thriptís (Tryptí) and Mount Ornón. The gulf, named

Josef Gottlieb Kölreuter was a German botanist who was a pioneer in the study of plant hybrids. He was the first to develop a scientific application of the discovery, made in 1694 by the German botanist Rudolph Jacob Camerarius, of sex in plants. Kölreuter was educated at the universities of Berlin

Kola Peninsula, large promontory in Murmansk oblast (province), far northern Russia. The Kola Peninsula covers some 40,000 square miles (100,000 square km) and extends across the Arctic Circle for about 190 miles (305 km) north-south and 250 miles (400 km) east-west, separating the White and

French literature: Drama: …work of Michel Vinaver and Bernard-Marie Koltès, whose plays are concerned with individuals struggling with the institutional discourses—family, law, politics—of which contemporary consumer society and their own identities are woven. The quick exchanges of Vinaver’s play L’Émission de télévision (1990; The Television Programme, published in Plays) express the anxieties of…

Aleksey Vasilyevich Koltsov was a poet whose works describe the Russian peasant life in which he was brought up. The son of a cattle dealer who treated him harshly and was unsympathetic to his interest in poetry, Koltsov began to publish in Moscow periodicals in 1831 and attracted the attention of

World War I: The Serbian campaign, 1914: …had some success in the Battle of the Kolubara, and forced the Serbs to evacuate Belgrade on November 30, but by December 15 a Serbian counterattack had retaken Belgrade and forced the Austrians to retreat. Mud and exhaustion kept the Serbs from turning the Austrian retreat into a rout, but…

golf: Scots as inventors: a popular fallacy: …such is referred to as kolven (the infinitive of a verb used as a noun). This confirms that the Scots word golf is indeed based on kolve or kolf. In the course of a dialogue in this text, the fictitious players also give the first indication of the existence of…

golf: Scots as inventors: a popular fallacy: …such is referred to as kolven (the infinitive of a verb used as a noun). This confirms that the Scots word golf is indeed based on kolve or kolf. In the course of a dialogue in this text, the fictitious players also give the first indication of the existence of…

Kolwezi, city, southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. It lies near the Zilo Gorges of the Lualaba River (a tributary of the Congo) on the Lubumbashi-Lobito road and rail line and also has air transport facilities to Lubumbashi. Mineral deposits in the area were mined by the local population

South Asian arts: Folk dance: The kolyacha is among the better-known examples of social folk dance. A fisherman’s dance indigenous to the Konkan coast of west-central India, the kolyacha is an enactment of the rowing of a boat. Women wave handkerchiefs to their male partners, who move with sliding steps. For…

Russia: The mountains of the south and east: …this system the low-lying, swampy Kolyma Lowland fronts the Arctic Ocean, extending for some 460 miles (740 km) to the Chersky Range.

Kolyma Upland, mountain tract in northeastern Siberia, Russia. It lies along the northeastern shores of the Sea of Okhotsk, which it separates from the extensive Kolyma Lowland that drains northward to the East Siberian Sea. A confused mass of ranges and uplands cut by deep river valleys and

Russia: The mountains of the south and east: …this system the low-lying, swampy Kolyma Lowland fronts the Arctic Ocean, extending for some 460 miles (740 km) to the Chersky Range.

moose: alces cameloides); and the east Siberian, or Kolyma, moose (A. alces buturlini). In addition to differences in geographical distribution, the different subspecies of moose are further distinguished by features such as size, pelage, and antler characteristics. The differences in regional body sizes appears to reflect adaptation to local conditions.…

Kolyma Upland, mountain tract in northeastern Siberia, Russia. It lies along the northeastern shores of the Sea of Okhotsk, which it separates from the extensive Kolyma Lowland that drains northward to the East Siberian Sea. A confused mass of ranges and uplands cut by deep river valleys and

Kolyma River, river in northeastern Siberia, far eastern Russia, rising in the Kolyma Mountains. It is 1,323 miles (2,129 km) long and drains an area of 250,000 square miles (647,000 square km). In its upper course it flows through narrow gorges, with many rapids. Gradually its valley widens, and

Kolyma Upland, mountain tract in northeastern Siberia, Russia. It lies along the northeastern shores of the Sea of Okhotsk, which it separates from the extensive Kolyma Lowland that drains northward to the East Siberian Sea. A confused mass of ranges and uplands cut by deep river valleys and

Paleo-Siberian languages: Yukaghir: …of the Indigirka River; and Kolyma, or Forest, Yukaghir (also called Southern Yukaghir) along the bend of the Kolyma River. Extinct earlier dialects or languages related to Yukaghir are Omok and Chuvan (Chuvantsy); these were spoken south and southwest of the current Yukaghir area. Nivkh has about 1,000 speakers, roughly…

Russia: The mountains of the south and east: …this system the low-lying, swampy Kolyma Lowland fronts the Arctic Ocean, extending for some 460 miles (740 km) to the Chersky Range.

Varlam Shalamov: …a Russian edition of Shalamov’s Kolymskiye rasskazy (1978; “Kolyma Stories”) was published in England. This collection of 103 brief sketches, vignettes, and short stories chronicles the degradation and dehumanization of prison-camp life. Written in understated and straightforward documentary style, the tales contain almost no philosophical or political nuances. Publication was…

Kolyma Upland, mountain tract in northeastern Siberia, Russia. It lies along the northeastern shores of the Sea of Okhotsk, which it separates from the extensive Kolyma Lowland that drains northward to the East Siberian Sea. A confused mass of ranges and uplands cut by deep river valleys and

Kolyma Upland, mountain tract in northeastern Siberia, Russia. It lies along the northeastern shores of the Sea of Okhotsk, which it separates from the extensive Kolyma Lowland that drains northward to the East Siberian Sea. A confused mass of ranges and uplands cut by deep river valleys and

Washington Capitals: …wing Peter Bondra and goaltender Olaf Kolzig, won their first conference title and earned a spot in the Stanley Cup finals, which they lost to the Detroit Red Wings. The team posted winning records in four of the five seasons following their finals berth but failed to advance past the…

Kawm Umbū, town and valley of Upper Egypt, situated about 30 miles (48 km) north of the Aswan High Dam in Aswān muḥāfaẓah (governorate). The town, an agricultural marketplace and a sugarcane-processing and cotton-ginning centre, lies on the east bank of the Nile River between the main valley

Nilo-Saharan languages: Linguistic characteristics: …consonants—are found, for example, in Koma, a Komuz language of western Ethiopia; comparable consonant distinctions occur in such Omotic (Afro-Asiatic) languages as Maale (southwestern Ethiopia). Several Central Sudanic languages, most of which are situated along the southern fringe of the Nilo-Saharan zone, share the presence of complex consonant systems with…

Komadugu Yobe River, river of western Africa, a tributary of Lake Chad formed by the union of the Hadejia and Komadugu Gana rivers. Situated between Nigeria and Niger, it forms the border between the two countries for some 95 miles (150 km) and flows a total of 200 miles (320 km) to empty into the

Komadugu Yobe River, river of western Africa, a tributary of Lake Chad formed by the union of the Hadejia and Komadugu Gana rivers. Situated between Nigeria and Niger, it forms the border between the two countries for some 95 miles (150 km) and flows a total of 200 miles (320 km) to empty into the

Akita: …dotted with volcanoes such as Mount Komaga (5,371 feet [1,637 m]), near the eastern border with Iwate prefecture. The plateau is covered with white fir trees and alpine plants that grow amid fissures yielding steam, smoke, and boiling mud. In the extreme northeast, on the border with Aomori prefecture, is…

Akita: …dotted with volcanoes such as Mount Komaga (5,371 feet [1,637 m]), near the eastern border with Iwate prefecture. The plateau is covered with white fir trees and alpine plants that grow amid fissures yielding steam, smoke, and boiling mud. In the extreme northeast, on the border with Aomori prefecture, is…

Japanese music: Music of the left and of the right: …of the right was called komagaku and contained all Korean and Manchurian examples. In both categories there were pieces that by this time may have been Japanese arrangements or original compositions. The terms left and right were derived from the Confucian-based administration system of the new capital, which divided the…

Shintō: Shintō religious arts: …of sacred stone animals called komainu (“Korean dogs”) or karajishi (“Chinese lions”) are placed in front of a shrine. Originally they served to protect the sacred buildings from evil and defilements. After the 9th century they were used for ornamental purposes on ceremonial occasions at the Imperial Court and later…

Komaki, city, northwestern Aichi ken (prefecture), central Honshu, Japan. It is situated in the eastern Nōbi Plain, north of Nagoya. A narrow extension of the city’s northeastern area reaches into the mountainous terrain at the edge of the plain. Komaki was a post town during the Edo (Tokugawa)

Jayalalitha Jayaram was an Indian film actress, politician, and government official who long served as the leader of the All India Dravidian Progressive Federation (All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam; AIADMK), a political party based in Tamil Nadu state, India. Known simply by the name

Komuz languages, a branch of the Nilo-Saharan language family formed by a group of related languages spoken in the border area that separates Ethiopia from Sudan and South Sudan. The Komuz group consists of Koma, Twampa (Uduk), Kwama, and Opo (Opo-Shita). Another variety of Komuz, known as Gule

Komandor Islands, group of four islands, Kamchatka oblast (province), extreme eastern Russia. Geographically part of the Aleutian Islands, the group is situated in the southwestern part of the Bering Sea, about 110 miles (180 km) east of Kamchatka Peninsula. Both the group and its largest island

Komandor Islands, group of four islands, Kamchatka oblast (province), extreme eastern Russia. Geographically part of the Aleutian Islands, the group is situated in the southwestern part of the Bering Sea, about 110 miles (180 km) east of Kamchatka Peninsula. Both the group and its largest island

Vitaly Komar and Alex Melamid: Komar and Melamid both grew up in Moscow. Their educations followed the same path: they attended the Moscow Art School from 1958 to 1960 and then the Stroganov Institute of Art and Design, where they began their collaborative work. Rather than following the dictates of…

Vitaly Komar and Alex Melamid were a Russian-born American artistic duo known for their collaborative works that commented on power and popular culture using a wide range of media. They worked together from 1965 to 2003. Komar and Melamid both grew up in Moscow. Their educations followed the same

Komárno, town, southwestern Slovakia. It lies at the confluence of the Vah and Nitra rivers with the Danube River below Bratislava, at the Hungarian border. The town of Komárom, part of Hungary, lies on the south bank of the Danube across from Komárno. Komárno occupies the extreme eastern end of an

Komárno, town, southwestern Slovakia. It lies at the confluence of the Vah and Nitra rivers with the Danube River below Bratislava, at the Hungarian border. The town of Komárom, part of Hungary, lies on the south bank of the Danube across from Komárno. Komárno occupies the extreme eastern end of an

Komárom-Esztergom: The town of Komárom is a rail centre and Danube port. At Lábatlan, cement, paper, and prefabricated building components are manufactured. Szőny has an oil refinery linked by pipeline with the Zala field. Almásfüzitő also refines oil. Nyergesújfalu specializes in plastics. Limestone is quarried at Dunaalmás and red…

Komárom-Esztergom, megye (county), northwestern Hungary. It is bordered by Slovakia to the north and by the counties of Pest to the east, Fejér to the south and southeast, Veszprém to the southwest, and Győr-Moson-Sopron to the west. It is the smallest of Hungary’s counties, excluding the county of

Komarov Botanical Institute, major botanical research centre in St. Petersburg, Russia. The 22-hectare (54-acre) garden has about 6,700 species of plants, many of which were obtained through a series of plant-collecting expeditions sent to all parts of the world. Its most important collections

Vladimir Mikhaylovich Komarov was a Soviet cosmonaut, the first man known to have died during a space mission. Komarov joined the Soviet air force at the age of 15 and was educated in air force schools, becoming a pilot in 1949. He graduated from the Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy, Moscow,

Mirra Komarovsky was a Russian-born sociologist, one of the first to engage in theory and research on the cultural and structural barriers to women’s equality and to write about problems men and women face because of their designated roles in American society. Born in tsarist Russia to

Komati River, river rising near Breyten in Mpumalanga province, South Africa. Running generally eastward, it descends from a plateau, cutting a valley 3,000 feet (900 metres) deep in northwestern Swaziland before reaching the Lebombo Mountains, at which point it is joined by the Krokodil River and

Africa: General considerations: The rock type komatiite is particularly diagnostic of those volcanic sequences and is almost exclusively restricted to the Archean Eon. The cratons were tectonically stabilized by voluminous granite intrusions toward the end of the Archean and were then covered by clastic sediments, some of which contain economically important…

Komatsu, city, southern Ishikawa ken (prefecture), central Honshu, Japan. It lies along the Sea of Japan (East Sea), about 15 miles (24 km) southwest of Kanazawa. The city centre lies just inland on the Kakehashi River. Komatsu was founded as a castle town in 1639, and it served as a post station

Shōtetsu was a priest-poet who is considered the last truly important tanka poet before the 20th century. Shōtetsu was born into a middle-rank samurai family in the provinces but was taken by his family to Kyōto when he was a boy. He showed precocious ability at composing tanka. Probably by his

Komatsushima, city, eastern Tokushima ken (prefecture), eastern Shikoku, Japan. It lies on Komatsushima Bay on the east coast of Shikoku and adjoins Tokushima to the north and west. Komatsushima was originally a small fishing village and a temple town of Ninna Temple in Kyōto. It developed as a

kombucha, beverage made of fermented green or black tea, usually consumed as a health food. Kombucha is often brewed at home, though commercial products are increasingly available in many places. The fermentation process involves a number of microorganisms, including a variety of yeasts and

miso: …rice and soybeans is called kome miso, while miso made of barley and soybeans is mugi miso. It is estimated that there are at least 1,000 varieties of miso, although only a few regularly figure in Japanese household cuisine. Many of these varieties have their basis in the kind of…

Polish literature: Other literary forms: …anonymous literature, exemplified by the komedia rybałtowska (“ribald comedies”). These were generally popular satiric comedies and broad farces written mainly by playwrights of plebeian birth. Piotr Baryka is one of the few of these playwrights whose names are known. He wrote a carnival comedy, Z chłopa król (1637; “From Peasant…

The Comedians, Op. 26, incidental music composed by Dmitry Kabalevsky in 1938 to accompany a stage play called Inventor and Comedian at the Central Children’s Theatre of Moscow. The play, centred on a group of traveling entertainers, is seldom seen today, but the lighthearted and energetic songs,

New Kōmeitō, Japanese political party that was founded in 1964 as the political wing of the Buddhist lay movement Sōka-gakkai. It advocates “humanitarian socialism,” an open, independent foreign policy, and, among other things, the gradual abolition of the Japan-U.S. security treaty. After the 1962

New Kōmeitō, Japanese political party that was founded in 1964 as the political wing of the Buddhist lay movement Sōka-gakkai. It advocates “humanitarian socialism,” an open, independent foreign policy, and, among other things, the gradual abolition of the Japan-U.S. security treaty. After the 1962

Slovakia: Education: …the largest and oldest is Comenius University in Bratislava (founded 1919). Also in Bratislava are the Slovak University of Technology, the University of Economics, and several arts academies. Košice also has universities and a school of veterinary medicine. Since independence, additional colleges and universities have opened in Trnava, Banská Bystrica,…

John Amos Comenius was a Czech educational reformer and religious leader, remembered mainly for his innovations in methods of teaching, especially languages. He favoured the learning of Latin to facilitate the study of European culture. Janua Linguarum Reserata (1632; The Gate of Tongues Unlocked)

textile: Weft knitting: …hosiery machines, such as the Komet machine, employ double-hooked needles directly opposite each other in the same plane to knit the leg and foot portions, the heel and the toe. The toe is later closed in a separate operation. In the Getaz toe, the seam is placed under the toes…

Komi, republic in northwestern Russia. Syktyvkar is the capital. The republic extends from the crest line of the Northern Urals on the east to the Timan Ridge and the upper basins of the Mezen and Vychegda rivers on the west. The republic lies mainly in the flat, featureless basin of the Pechora

Komi, a Permic-speaking people living mainly between the Pechora and Vychegda rivers, southeast of the White Sea, in the northern European area of Russia. They speak a Permic language of the Finno-Ugric branch of the Uralic family. The Komi comprise three major groups: the Komi-Zyryan of Komi

Komi, republic in northwestern Russia. Syktyvkar is the capital. The republic extends from the crest line of the Northern Urals on the east to the Timan Ridge and the upper basins of the Mezen and Vychegda rivers on the west. The republic lies mainly in the flat, featureless basin of the Pechora

Saint Stephen of Perm: …to the territory of the Komi (then known as Zyryans), located in the frigid lands southeast of the White Sea between the Pechora and Vychegda rivers.