Kartēr was an influential high priest of Zoroastrianism, whose aim was to purge Iran of all other religions, especially the eclectic Manichaeism founded by the 3rd-century Persian prophet Mani. What little is known of Kartēr comes from inscriptions on cliff faces, mostly dating from the reign of

Frank Abney Hastings: …only one was completed, the Karteria, which was the fastest and most modern ship in the Mediterranean at the time, with two small steam engines and an armament of four 68-pound guns featuring a method of heating and firing red-hot shells that Hastings himself had invented.

József, Baron Eötvös: His first novel, A karthausi (1839–41; “The Carthusians”), expresses disappointment at the July Revolution in France (1830); Eötvös intended it as a criticism of feudalism in Hungary. His essays and prose works also advocated a modernized penal code and an end to poverty. A falu jegyzője (1845; The…

Mad Men: …account executive Pete Campbell (Vincent Kartheiser); and the effortlessly savvy head secretary, Joan Holloway (Christina Hendricks). While the show generated many of its story lines from the lively dynamics of the office, it also focused intently on the domestic sphere and specifically on Don’s wife, Betty (January Jones), who…

karting, driving and racing miniature, skeleton-frame, rear-engine automobiles called karts, or GoKarts. The sport originated in the United States in the 1950s after the kart had been devised from unwanted lawn-mower engines. The karts usually have no protective bodywork, and the driver sits only a

Raden Adjeng Kartini was a Javanese noblewoman whose letters made her an important symbol for the Indonesian independence movement and for Indonesian feminists. Her father being a Javanese aristocrat working for the Dutch colonial administration as governor of the Japara Regency (an administrative

Raden Adjeng Kartini was a Javanese noblewoman whose letters made her an important symbol for the Indonesian independence movement and for Indonesian feminists. Her father being a Javanese aristocrat working for the Dutch colonial administration as governor of the Japara Regency (an administrative

Pictures at an Exhibition, musical work in 10 movements by Russian composer Modest Mussorgsky that was inspired by a visit to an art exhibition. Each of the movements represents one of the drawings or artworks on display. Although originally composed in 1874 for solo piano, Pictures became better

Kartēr was an influential high priest of Zoroastrianism, whose aim was to purge Iran of all other religions, especially the eclectic Manichaeism founded by the 3rd-century Persian prophet Mani. What little is known of Kartēr comes from inscriptions on cliff faces, mostly dating from the reign of

history of Transcaucasia: Early history: …eastern Georgia (called Kartli or Iberia) in the north and Armenia in the south. The culture and ethnic character of both can be traced to the period of the breakup of the Hittite empire in the 12th century bc, and both were converted to Christianity early in the 4th century…

Georgia: Relief, drainage, and soils: …high plateau known as the Kartli (Kartalinian) Plain. Surrounded by mountains to the north, south, east, and west and covered for the most part by deposits of the loess type, this plateau extends along the Kura (Mtkvari) River and its tributaries.

Skanda, Hindu god of war who was the firstborn son of Shiva. The many legends giving the circumstances of his birth are often at variance with one another. In Kalidasa’s epic poem Kumarasambhava (“The Birth of the War God”; 5th century ce), as in most versions of the story, the gods wished for

Georgian language, official language of the republic of Georgia, whose spoken form has many dialects, usually divided into East Georgian and West Georgian groups. These, together with the related Mingrelian (Megrelian), Laz (Chan), and Svan languages, make up the Kartvelian, or South Caucasian,

Abkhazia: Geography: …led by ethnic Abkhaz, ethnic Georgians had made up almost half of Abkhazia’s population, while ethnic Abkhaz had accounted for less than one-fifth; Armenians and Russians made up the remainder. In 1993, however, most Georgians and some Russians and Armenians fled Abkhazia for other parts of Georgia.

Kartvelian languages, family of languages including Georgian, Svan, Mingrelian, and Laz that are spoken south of the chief range of the Caucasus. A brief treatment of Kartvelian languages follows. For full treatment, see Caucasian languages. Of the Kartvelian language family, only Georgian, the

cherub, in Jewish, Christian, and Islamic literature, a celestial winged being with human, animal, or birdlike characteristics who functions as a throne bearer of the Deity. Derived from ancient Middle Eastern mythology and iconography, these celestial beings serve important liturgical and

cherub, in Jewish, Christian, and Islamic literature, a celestial winged being with human, animal, or birdlike characteristics who functions as a throne bearer of the Deity. Derived from ancient Middle Eastern mythology and iconography, these celestial beings serve important liturgical and

North American Indian languages: Language contact: For example, among the Karuk of northwestern California, a tribe that suffered harsh treatment at the hands of whites, there are only a few loanwords from English, such as ápus ‘apple(s),’ and a few calques (loan translations), such as the ‘pear’ being called vírusur ‘bear’ because in Karuk the…

Kültepe: …existed a number of Assyrian karums (trade outposts, of which Kanesh was probably the most important), which served as end stations for the caravan shipments from and to Assyria and as distribution centres. Assyrian textiles and items transshipped from Babylonia were traded for Anatolian copper and silver.

Tanzania: Independence of Tanzania: Sheikh Abeid Amani Karume, leader of the ASP, was installed as president of the People’s Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba. Sheikh Abdulla Kassim Hanga was appointed prime minister, and Abdul Raḥman Mohammed (“Babu”), leader of the new left-wing Umma (The Masses) Party (formed by defectors from…

Kārūn River, river in southwestern Iran, a tributary of the Shatt al-Arab, which it joins at Khorramshahr. It rises in the Bakhtīārī Mountains west of Eṣfahān and follows a tortuous course trending basically southwest. The Kārūn’s total length is 515 miles (829 km), though the direct distance from

karuna, in Buddhism, the perfect virtue of compassion. See

Muthuvel Karunanidhi was an Indian politician and government official who was one of the founding members of the Dravidian Progressive Federation (Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam; DMK) political party in 1949 and for decades was the party’s president. He also served several terms as the chief minister

Palni Hills: …8,221 feet (2,505 metres); and Karunmakadu, 8,042 feet (2,451 metres). The town of Kodaikanal is located in a high basin about 7,000 feet (2,150 metres) above sea level. Potatoes, beans, root crops, pears, and peaches are cultivated in and around the hill villages. There are also bauxite mines.

South Asian arts: The kathakali school: (5) Karupputadi (“black beard”) is a hunter or forest dweller. His face is coal black with crisscross lines drawn around the eyes. A white flower sits on his nose, and peacock feathers closely woven into a cylinder rise above his head. He carries a bow, quiver,…

Jo Nesbø: …a book of short stories, Karusellmusikk (2001; “Carousel Music”), and a number of children’s books, including a series of books featuring Doktor Proktor and his Fart Powder.

Karuzi, town, central Burundi. The town, located on the Ndurumu River (a tributary to the Ruvubu), is a market centre with a government dispensary and a place of worship for Roman Catholics. A road connects it with the towns of Muyinga to the northeast and Gitega to the southwest. The town lies on

Slovakia: Literature and drama: …of the 20th century was Peter Karvaš, author of The Diplomats, The Midnight Mass, and Antigone and the Others, among many other plays. (See also Slovak literature.)

Dhondo Keshav Karve was an Indian social reformer and educator, noted for supporting the education of women and for organizing associations for the remarriage of Hindu widows. While an instructor in mathematics (1891–1914) at Fergusson College, Poona, Karve became concerned with breaking down

Dhondo Keshav Karve was an Indian social reformer and educator, noted for supporting the education of women and for organizing associations for the remarriage of Hindu widows. While an instructor in mathematics (1891–1914) at Fergusson College, Poona, Karve became concerned with breaking down

Qarawīyīn, mosque and Islāmic university in Fès, Morocco. The Qarawīyīn Mosque, which was enlarged to its present form in the 12th century, is the largest in North Africa and can accommodate about 22,000 worshipers. Only Muslims are admitted into the mosque, but the interior can be glimpsed through

Karviná, mining city, northeastern Czech Republic. The city is situated east of Ostrava, on the eastern bank of the Olse River, near the Polish frontier. In 1949 its municipal area was enlarged by the absorption of the town of Fryštát. Karviná is one of many mining towns in the Silesian coalfields,

Karnataka Coast: The ports of Karwar, Kumta, Honavar, and Malpe have lost their importance with the development of railways in the interior. Mangaluru and Karwar have been developed as deepwater ports for the export of mineral ores.

Isar River: …feet (1,750 meters) in the Karwendelgebirge, just northeast of Innsbruck, Austria, the Isar runs west and then north crossing into Germany at Scharnitz Pass. The river there flows through a deep gorge that was used by the ancient Romans, who called it Porta Claudia. A rail line and road now…

coyotillo, (Karwinskia humboldtiana), woody shrub of the buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae) that is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It grows about 1–7 m (3–23 feet) tall and has opposite, oval leaves 2.5–7.5 cm (1–3 inches) long. The small, greenish flowers, which grow in

flag of Burundi: …Burundi was an ancient drum, Karyenda, which had a semidivine status. The mwami (“ruler”) alone could interpret the messages of Karyenda and transform them into rules governing society. Karyenda was thus chosen as a symbol for the national flag when Burundi emerged from Belgian colonial rule. A sorghum plant, representing…

fungus: Sexual reproduction: Karyogamy results in the fusion of these haploid nuclei and the formation of a diploid nucleus (i.e., a nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent). The cell formed by karyogamy is called the zygote. In most fungi the zygote is the only…

mitosis, a process of cell duplication, or reproduction, during which one cell gives rise to two genetically identical daughter cells. Strictly applied, the term mitosis is used to describe the duplication and distribution of chromosomes, the structures that carry the genetic information. A brief

Kóstas Kariotákis was a Greek poet influenced by the 19th-century French Symbolist poets. Kariotákis spent much of his lonely childhood in Crete. He read law at Athens and won a prize for poetry in 1920. After obtaining his degree he worked as a government clerk in Athens, where he developed a

Cyprus: Drainage and soils: …Serakhis flows northwestward and the Karyotis northward to Morphou Bay; and the Kouris flows southward to Episkopi Bay. The rivers are fed entirely from the runoff of winter precipitation; in summer they become dry courses. The island’s major soil types consist of imperfect, gravelly lithosols found in the Troodos and…

karyotype, visual representation of the complete set of chromosomes in a cell. In a karyotype, the chromosomes, isolated from a cell, are organized numerically, facilitating the identification of deviations in chromosome number or structure. Chromosomal karyotyping, in which chromosomes are

Japanese literature: Introduction of Western literature: …of a European novel was Ernest Maltravers, by the British novelist Edward Bulwer-Lytton, which appeared in 1879 under the title Karyū shunwa (“A Spring Tale of Blossoms and Willows”). The early translations were inaccurate, and the translators unceremoniously deleted any passages that they could not understand readily or that they…

Hamid Karzai is an Afghan politician who was the first elected president of Afghanistan (2004–14). Karzai was the son of the chief of the Popalzai Pashtuns, and both his father and grandfather served in the government of Mohammad Zahir Shah. Under the Soviet-imposed regime in the 1980s, the Karzai

Korean literature: Poetry: The kasa developed at about the same time as the sijo. In its formative stage, kasa borrowed the form of the Chinese tz’u (lyric poetry) or fu (rhymed prose). The kasa tends to be much longer than other forms of Korean poetry and is usually written…

Mumbai terrorist attacks of 2008: The attackers: …after the lone arrested terrorist, Ajmal Amir Kasab, provided substantial information regarding the planning and execution of the attacks. Kasab, a native of Pakistan’s Punjab province, told investigators that the 10 terrorists underwent prolonged guerrilla-warfare training in the camps of Lashkar-e-Taiba. He further revealed that the team of terrorists had…

Kashkadarya, oblast (province), southern Uzbekistan. Created in 1964, it consists largely of the Karshi Steppe, an extensive foothill plain intersected by the Kashka River. In the east and southeast are spurs of the Zeravshan, Gissar, and Kugitangtau mountains. The climate is continental and dry,

Kasai River, river in central Africa. It is the chief southern tributary of the Congo River, into which, at Kwamouth, Congo (Kinshasa), 125 miles (200 km) above Malebo (Stanley) Pool, it empties a volume approaching one-fifth that of the main stream. The longest river in the southern Congo River

Kasama, town located in northeastern Zambia. Situated in a high plateau area, it is about 4,360 feet (1,330 metres) above sea level. The town is primarily an administrative centre but also trades in grain, coffee, and livestock and is the seat of a Roman Catholic archbishopric. Pop. (2000) 74,243;

schizoaffective disorder: …in 1933 by Russian-born psychiatrist Jacob Kasanin to define a subgroup of psychoses in which affective and schizophrenic symptoms are prominent simultaneously, within a few days of each other or within the same episode of illness. Historically, other concepts, such as intermediate psychoses and mixed psychoses, were used to describe…

Kasanje, historical kingdom founded by the Imbangala about 1630 along the upper Cuango River (in present-day Angola). By the mid-17th century the kingdom of Kasanje had risen to become a dominant power along the Cuango, as it allied with the Portuguese in the area and often fought against the

Kasaoka, city, southwestern Okayama ken (prefecture), western Honshu, Japan. It faces the Inland Sea and borders Fukuyama to the west. Kasaoka was an old temple town until its port flourished during the Edo (Tokugawa) period (1603–1867). The opening of a major railway line and a textile plant had

Sundanese: …distinct status styles, or registers: kasar (informal), halus (deferential), and panengah (a middle style).

Saint Nikolay Kasatkin was a Russian Orthodox missionary and the first Orthodox bishop of Japan. Kasatkin, who adopted the name Nikolay when he took monastic vows, went to Japan in 1861 as chaplain to the Russian consulate in Hakodate. Because Christianity was a prohibited religion in Japan, he

Joseph Kasavubu was a statesman and the first president of the independent Congo republic from 1960 to 1965, who shortly after independence in 1960 ousted the Congo’s first premier, Patrice Lumumba, after the breakdown of order in the country. Educated by Roman Catholic missionaries, Kasavubu

Jainism: Canonical and commentarial literature: …of Six Sections”), and the Kashayaprabhrita (“Chapters on the Kashayas”). The Karmaprabhrita, allegedly based on the lost Drishtivada text, deals with the doctrine of karma and was redacted by Pushpadanta and Bhutabalin in the mid-2nd century; the Kashayaprabhrita, compiled by Gunadhara from the same source about the same time, deals…

kasb, (Arabic: “acquisition”), a doctrine in Islām adopted by the theologian al-Ashʿarī (d. 935) as a mean between predestination and free will. According to al-Ashʿarī, all actions, good and evil, are originated by God, but they are “acquired” (maksūb, whence kasb) by men. As for the criticism

Algiers: The contemporary city: …by the fortress of the Kasbah (Qaṣbah), designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1992; it was the residence of the last two Turkish deys, or governors, of Algiers. A prominent building in the Muslim section is the Ketchaoua Mosque, which prior to 1962 was the Cathedral of St. Philip…

Košice, city, eastern Slovakia. It lies on the Hornád River, south of Prešov. Košice originated in the 9th century and was chartered in 1241. In the late Middle Ages it was one of the 24 trading settlements of the Polish-Slovak frontier, in which immigrant German merchants were prominent. In 1660

Marie Luise Kaschnitz was a German poet and novelist noted for the hopeful and compassionate viewpoint in her numerous writings. After completing her education, Kaschnitz became a book dealer in Rome. She then traveled widely with her archaeologist husband, and the awareness of the classical past

Marie Luise Kaschnitz was a German poet and novelist noted for the hopeful and compassionate viewpoint in her numerous writings. After completing her education, Kaschnitz became a book dealer in Rome. She then traveled widely with her archaeologist husband, and the awareness of the classical past

Body Heat: First-time director Lawrence Kasdan was lauded for his ability to emulate the style and atmosphere of classic film noir, despite the fact that Body Heat was shot in colour instead of black and white. One of the most striking visual effects occurs when Matty meets Ned by…

Chaldea, land in southern Babylonia (modern southern Iraq) frequently mentioned in the Old Testament. Strictly speaking, the name should be applied to the land bordering the head of the Persian Gulf between the Arabian desert and the Euphrates delta. Chaldea is first mentioned in the annals of the

Chaldea, land in southern Babylonia (modern southern Iraq) frequently mentioned in the Old Testament. Strictly speaking, the name should be applied to the land bordering the head of the Persian Gulf between the Arabian desert and the Euphrates delta. Chaldea is first mentioned in the annals of the

Gertrude Käsebier was an American portrait photographer who was one of the founders of the influential Photo-Secession group and who is best known for her evocative images of women and domestic scenes. In 1864 her family moved to Brooklyn, New York. Ten years later Gertrude Stanton married Eduard

Scooby-Doo: …the series by disc jockey Casey Kasem, longtime host of the countdown show American Top 40), shrewd ascot-wearing group leader Fred, beautiful but “danger-prone” Daphne, and brainy, tomboyish Velma (the group was later joined by Scooby’s brash nephew, Scrappy-Doo). Scooby and his owner, Shaggy (one of the first serial abusers…

Scooby-Doo: …the series by disc jockey Casey Kasem, longtime host of the countdown show American Top 40), shrewd ascot-wearing group leader Fred, beautiful but “danger-prone” Daphne, and brainy, tomboyish Velma (the group was later joined by Scooby’s brash nephew, Scrappy-Doo). Scooby and his owner, Shaggy (one of the first serial abusers…

Etah: Kasganj, north of Etah, is also an agricultural market and is a centre of cotton and sugar processing. Soron, farther north, is a Hindu pilgrimage centre. Pop. (2001) 107,110; (2011) 118,517.

buckwheat: …or groats, are prepared as kasha, cooked and served much like rice. While buckwheat flour is unsatisfactory for bread, it is used, alone or mixed with wheat flour, to make griddle cakes called buckwheat cakes in the United States and Canada. Buckwheat is high in carbohydrates and protein and provides…

Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument, geologically unique group of rock formations located in the foothills of the Jemez Mountains, north-central New Mexico, U.S., about 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Santa Fe. It was established in 2001 and covers 6.4 square miles (16.6 square km); it

petroleum: Russia and the Caspian Sea region: Kazakhstan’s Kashagan field in the northern Caspian Sea was discovered in 2000. It was the largest and newest conventional field discovered since the finding of Alaska’s Prudhoe Bay field in 1968. Kashagan is estimated to have already produced 7 billion to 9 billion barrels out of…

Indian philosophy: Variations in views: Another interpreter, Kashakritsna, holds that the two are identical—a view that anticipates the later “unqualified monism” of Shankara. Badarayana’s own views on this issue are difficult to ascertain: the sutras are so concise that they are capable of various interpretations, though there are reasons to believe that…

Kāshān, city, west-central Iran. It lies in a desert at the eastern foot of the Central Iranian Range, on a once important caravan route and also on the southeastern branch of the Trans-Iranian Railway. Kāshān is an ancient city; 2 miles (3 km) southwest is the site of prehistoric Tepe Sialk, which

Kāshān carpet, floor covering of wool or silk handwoven in or near the Iranian city of Kāshān, long known for its excellent textiles. Three classes of all-silk carpets of the Ṣafavid period (16th century) are credited to Kāshān. The first includes three large extant carpets with medallion systems

pottery: 11th to 15th century: Kāshān is chiefly famous for its tiles, in fact the words kāshī or kāshānī (“of Kashan”), are commonly used as synonyms for tile (and have been incorrectly applied to tilework from India). Lustre-painted tiles had been made since at least the 9th century and were…

Kāshān ware, in Islamic ceramics, a style of lustreware pottery associated with Kāshān, Persia (Iran), from about the beginning of the 11th century until the mid-14th century. It was derived from motifs in earlier textiles and is especially noted for the density and delicate execution of its

al-Kāshī was among the greatest mathematicians and astronomers in the Islamic world. The first event known with certainty in al-Kāshī’s life is his observation of a lunar eclipse on June 2, 1406, from Kāshān. His earliest surviving work is Sullam al-samāʾ (1407; “The Stairway of Heaven”), an

Islamic arts: Belles lettres: …composed by a famous mystic, Ḥoseyn Wāʿeẓ-e Kāshefī of Herāt (died 1504). The “cyclic story” form (in which several unconnected tales are held together by some device such as a common framework or narrator), inherited from India, became as popular in Iran as it had been in the Arabic-speaking countries.…

kosher, (“fit,” or “proper”), in Judaism, the fitness of an object for ritual purposes. Though generally applied to foods that meet the requirements of the dietary laws (kashruth), kosher is also used to describe, for instance, such objects as a Torah scroll, water for ritual bathing (mikvah), and

kashf, (Arabic: “uncovering,” “revelation”), in Sufism (i.e., Islamic mysticism), the privileged inner knowledge that mystics acquire through personal experience and direct vision of God. The truths revealed through kashf cannot be transmitted to those who have not shared with them the same

Kâtip Çelebi: Among his chief works is: Kashf al-ẓunūnʿan asāmi al-kutub wa al-funūn (“The Removal of Doubt from the Names of Books and the Sciences”). This work is his masterpiece; it is a bibliographical encyclopaedia in Arabic giving information on 15,000 Arabic, Persian, and Turkish books published up to his time. His…

Qashqāʾī rug, floor covering handwoven by the Qashqāʾī people, who have the reputation of making the best rugs from the Shīrāz district of Iran. They are the brightest in colouring, with rich blues and reds and some use of golden yellow. Usually their designs are geometric, perhaps with a row of

Kashgar, oasis city, western Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, far western China. Kashgar lies at the western end of the Tarim Basin, in a fertile oasis of loess (silt deposited by the wind) and alluvial soils watered by the Kaxgar (Kashgar) River and by a series of wells. The climate of the

Muztagata Range, mountain range in the westernmost part of the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, northwestern China. As a far western part of the Kunlun Mountains, it extends some 200 miles (320 km) along a north-northwest and south-southeast axis parallel to the eastern edge of the Pamirs range

Tarim River: …by the confluence of the Kaxgar (Kashgar) and Yarkand (Yarkant) rivers in the far west; flowing northeastward from this confluence, the river is then joined some 230 miles (370 km) downstream by the Aksu and the Hotan (Khotan) rivers. Only the Aksu River flows for the entire year. It is…

Kashgar rug, floor covering handwoven at Kashgar (Kashi) in Chinese Turkistan (now the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang). The Kashgar rugs are difficult to distinguish from the similar ones of Khotan (Hotan) and Yarkand (Yarkant). All three types were formerly called Samarkands in the market.

history of Central Asia: Often referred to as Kashgaria, from its principal urban centre, Kashgar (Kashi), the region is characterized by small oasis settlements lying between the desert and the surrounding ranges, such as Hotan, Yarkand, Kashgar itself, and Aksu (Akosu), which served as way stations on the so-called Silk Road between China…

Kashgar, oasis city, western Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, far western China. Kashgar lies at the western end of the Tarim Basin, in a fertile oasis of loess (silt deposited by the wind) and alluvial soils watered by the Kaxgar (Kashgar) River and by a series of wells. The climate of the

Varanasi, city, southeastern Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It is located on the left bank of the Ganges (Ganga) River and is one of the seven sacred cities of Hinduism. Pop. (2001) city, 1,091,918; urban agglom., 1,203,961; (2011) city, 1,198,491; urban agglom., 1,432,280. Varanasi is one of

Kashi Vishwanath Temple, temple located in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is among the most important Hindu temples in India and is one of the 12 temples where Shiva is believed to have appeared as a column of light. The Kashi Vishwanath Temple stands on the west bank of the Ganges River. It is

al-Kāshī was among the greatest mathematicians and astronomers in the Islamic world. The first event known with certainty in al-Kāshī’s life is his observation of a lunar eclipse on June 2, 1406, from Kāshān. His earliest surviving work is Sullam al-samāʾ (1407; “The Stairway of Heaven”), an

Egypt: Ottoman administration: …were assigned to inspectors (kashifs). Although the Egyptian government was headed by bureaucratic officials sent from Constantinople, and supported by Ottoman troops, the Mamluks were able to penetrate both the bureaucracy and the army. The kashifs were often drawn from Mamluk ranks; three of the seven military corps formed…

Kashihara, city, western Nara ken (prefecture), west-central Honshu, Japan. It is situated in the southern corner of Nara Basin, about 10 miles (16 km) south of Nara city. Kashihara has been of cultural significance since prehistoric times and is now important to Japanese archaeology. The Kashihara

Deg Xinag: …large semisubterranean lodge called a kashim. The kashim served many functions, mostly for men, providing a venue for sweat baths, council meetings, entertainment, funerals, and shamanic rituals. Women’s activities tended to take place in family dwellings and in the open air. Deg Xinag people were much given to games and…

Kashiwa, city, northwestern Chiba ken (prefecture), east-central Honshu, Japan. It is situated on the Tone River on a main rail line running northeast from Tokyo city. The city was formed in 1954 by the merger of the towns of Kashiwa and Kogane and two smaller hamlets. Kashiwa was a small post town

Kashiwazaki, city, southwest-central Niigata ken (prefecture), northeast-central Honshu, Japan. It lies in the Kashiwazaki plain, facing the Sea of Japan (East Sea). During the Edo (Tokugawa) period (1603–1867), Kashiwazaki was a post town on the Hokuriku Highway (Hokuriku-kaidō), which was known

Uzbekistan: Drainage: …followed by the Zeravshan and Kashka—contribute little flow, for the last two trickle into nothing in the desert. The Syr Darya, the second largest river in Uzbekistan, forms there by the confluence of the Naryn and Qoradaryo rivers.

Kashkadarya, oblast (province), southern Uzbekistan. Created in 1964, it consists largely of the Karshi Steppe, an extensive foothill plain intersected by the Kashka River. In the east and southeast are spurs of the Zeravshan, Gissar, and Kugitangtau mountains. The climate is continental and dry,

Kashkadarya, oblast (province), southern Uzbekistan. Created in 1964, it consists largely of the Karshi Steppe, an extensive foothill plain intersected by the Kashka River. In the east and southeast are spurs of the Zeravshan, Gissar, and Kugitangtau mountains. The climate is continental and dry,

Kaska, member of an ancient Anatolian people who inhabited the remote valleys between the northern border of the Hittite kingdom and the Black Sea. The Kaskans did not have a written language and did not build cities. They are known only through Hittite accounts, which describe them as weavers of

Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent. It is bounded by the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang to the northeast and the Tibet Autonomous Region to the east (both parts of China), by the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the south, by Pakistan to the west, and by