Edna O’Brien: of Peace (1966), Night (1972), Johnny I Hardly Knew You (1977; U.S. title I Hardly Knew You), The High Road (1988), House of Splendid Isolation (1994), Down by the River (1996), In the Forest (2002), and The Light of Evening (2006).

Roger Ebert: His other books included I Hated, Hated, Hated This Movie (2000), which collected some of his sharpest pans, and The Great Movies (2002), a volume of essays on films he especially admired; it was followed by two sequels (2005, 2010). Ebert was given a star on the Hollywood Walk…

I Have a Dream, speech by Martin Luther King, Jr., that was delivered on August 28, 1963, during the March on Washington. A call for equality and freedom, it became one of the defining moments of the civil rights movement and one of the most iconic speeches in American history. Some 250,000 people

Motown: …“Back in My Arms Again,” “I Hear a Symphony” (all 1965), and “You Can’t Hurry Love” (1966). Not only were they the second most successful singing group of the decade—surpassed only by the Beatles—but they remain the most successful female singing group of all time. The group’s glamorous lead singer,…

Marvin Gaye: …by Smokey Robinson, and “I Heard It Through the Grapevine” (1968), by Norman Whitfield. Gaye also enjoyed a series of successful duets, most notably with Tammi Terrell (“Ain’t Nothing Like the Real Thing” [1968]).

David O. Russell: …Russell next made the peculiar I Heart Huckabees (2004), which starred Tomlin and Dustin Hoffman as husband-and-wife detectives who solve their clients’ existential crises.

Olivia Newton-John: Career: …pop female vocalist for “I Honestly Love You,” which also was chosen as record of the year.

Philip K. Dick: … (1969), and the posthumously published I Hope I Shall Arrive Soon (1985). Several of his short stories and novels were adapted for film, including “We Can Remember It for You Wholesale” (filmed as Total Recall [1990 and 2012]), “Second Variety” (filmed as Screamers [1995]), “The Minority Report” (filmed as Minority…

Stevie Wonder: …as the romantic gem “I Just Called to Say I Love You” (1984).

Suo Masayuki: …first film in a decade, Soredemo boku wa yattenai (I Just Didn’t Do It). Whereas Suo’s earlier films were comedies, Soredemo boku wa yattenai is the story of a young man who proclaims his innocence after being arrested and tried for having sexually molested a young girl on a train.…

Zoe Saldana: …Live by Night (2016) and I Kill Giants (2017) and the horror comedy Vampires vs. the Bronx (2020).

history of film: Australia, New Zealand, and Canada: …J’Ai tué ma mère (2009; I Killed My Mother) and Les Amours imagininaires (2010; Heartbeats) and continued with, among others, Laurence Anyways (2012), Mommy (2014), the English-language The Death & Life of John F. Donovan (2019), and Matthias et Maxime (2019; Matthias & Maxime).

Katy Perry: …later with the single “I Kissed a Girl,” an assertive ode to sexual curiosity backed by a hard-edged electro-pop beat. The song quickly stirred controversy, as some critics derided it for promoting same-sex relations and others charged that the racy scenario it depicted catered to male fantasies of female…

Tyler Perry: …evolved into his first play, I Know I’ve Been Changed. Perry worked a number of odd jobs to raise money for its first staging, which took place in Atlanta in 1992. His self-funded production—in which he also starred—received almost no attention and sent him into extreme poverty. In 1998, however,…

Melissa Leo: …later appeared in the miniseries I Know This Much Is True (2020), an adaptation of Wally Lamb’s 1998 novel.

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, the first of seven autobiographical works by American writer Maya Angelou, published in 1969. The book chronicles her life from age 3 through age 16, recounting an unsettled and sometimes traumatic childhood that included rape and racism. It became one of the most

Herbert Arthur Philbrick: …of his undercover work called I Led Three Lives, which became a best-seller.

Tony Bennett: Heyday and career decline: …with his biggest hit, “I Left My Heart in San Francisco,” the song with which he remains most associated. Other hit recordings during the 1960s include “I Wanna Be Around,” “The Good Life,” and “Who Can I Turn To.” His popularity declined during the late ’60s and early ’70s,…

Western painting: Germany and Italy: Joseph Beuys and Arte Povera: One such performance was I Like America and America Likes Me (1974), a three-day “dialogue” between Beuys and a live coyote that took place behind a grilled partition in René Block’s New York City gallery. Beuys saw this encounter as symbolically facing up to the genocide perpetrated by white…

Kingsley Amis: …Portugal resulted in the novel I Like It Here (1958), while observations garnered from a teaching stint in the United States were expressed in the novel One Fat Englishman (1963).

Kurosawa Akira: Films of the 1950s: …I Live in Fear, or Record of a Living Being) is a deeply honest film portraying a Japanese foundry owner’s terror of the atomic tests conducted by the United States and the Soviet Union. Its pessimistic conclusion, however, made it a commercial failure.

Whitney Houston: I Look to You was released in August to positive reviews, and standout songs included the up-tempo “Million Dollar Bill” (penned by Alicia Keys) and the title track, a slow-building ballad written by R. Kelly. In February 2012 Houston died in a bathtub at a…

Erma Bombeck: …and such best-selling books as I Lost Everything in the Post-Natal Depression (1973); The Grass Is Always Greener over the Septic Tank (1976), which was adapted (1978) into a television film; and If Life Is a Bowl of Cherries, What Am I Doing in the Pits? (1978). The self-deprecating humour…

Pauline Kael: …form under the characteristic title I Lost It at the Movies. The book was a best-seller and won her assignments from such major general-circulation magazines as Life, Holiday, Mademoiselle, and McCall’s. She was the regular film reviewer for McCall’s for some months in 1966 and for The New Republic in…

Maxine Hong Kingston: I Love a Broad Margin to My Life (2011) is a “memoir-in-verse.”

radio: Juvenile action and adventure series: …moved to prime time, was I Love a Mystery, considered by many to be the ultimate radio action-adventure series. The brainchild of Carlton E. Morse, its heroes were Jack Packard, head of the A-1 Detective Agency, and his partners, Doc Long, a hard-fighting, hard-living Texan, and Reggie Yorke, whose seeming…

Max Apple: …My Grandfather’s Story (1994) and I Love Gootie: My Grandmother’s Story (1998) are highly autobiographical narratives about growing up in the United States with first-generation Jewish grandparents. The Jew of Home Depot, and Other Stories (2007) is a collection of eclectic stories whose characters range from a disabled little girl…

I Love Lucy, American television situation comedy that aired on CBS from 1951 to 1957 and was the most popular show in America for four of its six prime-time seasons. The series won five Emmy Awards, including best situation comedy (1953 and 1954) and best actress (Lucille Ball, 1956). I Love Lucy

the Mekons: …of the Mekons (1991), and I Love Mekons (1993), featuring songs informed by leftist political sentiments and laced with sardonic humour. The Mekons (some of whom relocated to the United States) continued to record and perform into the 21st century, making them one of the last original punk bands to…

Diana Ross: In 2006, however, she issued I Love You, a compilation of her own interpretations of love songs by various artists, and she embarked on a vigorous concert tour the following year to promote the album. Despite her virtual absence from the charts, Ross remained a popular concert draw into the…

W.S. Van Dyke: Later films: With I Love You Again (1940), Van Dyke worked with another popular team, Powell and Loy, and the results were notable. The screwball comedy was as funny as many better-known 1930s classics. It centres on a dull businessman who, after being hit in the head, remembers…

Jim Carrey: …inmate in the dark comedy I Love You Phillip Morris. In the family comedy Mr. Popper’s Penguins (2011), based on the children’s book of the same name, Carrey portrayed a businessman who inherits several gentoo penguins. His later credits included The Incredible Burt Wonderstone (2013), Kick-Ass 2 (2013), and Dumb…

Kevin Kline: …appeared in such comedies as I Love You to Death (1990) and Soapdish (1991) and the drama Grand Canyon (1991). He portrayed Douglas Fairbanks in the biopic Chaplin (1992), and he won praise for his performance as both the U.S. president and his look-alike in the political comedy Dave (1993).…

Paul Mazursky: Directing: …they penned the screenplay for I Love You, Alice B. Toklas! (1968), in which Peter Sellers portrayed a conservative attorney who discovers the counterculture. That success positioned Mazursky to direct his first feature film, Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice (1969), a comedy about sexual experimentation among two couples…

Paul Rudd: Career: …which he cowrote the screenplay; I Love You, Man (2009); Our Idiot Brother (2011); The Perks of Being a Wallflower (2012); Prince Avalanche (2013); They Came Together (2014); The Fundamentals of Caring (2016); and Ideal Home (2018).

John Bowen: I Love You, Mrs. Patterson (1964) concerned the romantic entanglement of a student and his teacher’s wife, and After the Rain (1966), adapted from Bowen’s 1958 novel of that name, was about survivors of a worldwide flood. Little Boxes (1968) consisted of two one-acts, the…

Robert Stevenson: Early films: …the decade with the frenetic I Married a Communist (1949; also known as The Woman on Pier 13). Robert Ryan played a businessman being blackmailed by members of the Communist Party, who threaten to expose his earlier involvement with the group if he fails to help them; Laraine Day was…

Anita Loos: …Clare Boothe Luce’s play), and I Married an Angel (1942). Her dramatization of Colette’s Gigi was produced in 1951, and she subsequently produced a number of other adaptations from French sources. She wrote Twice Over Lightly: New York Then and Now (1972), in collaboration with Helen Hayes. A Girl Like…

Michaela Coel: I May Destroy You: …Coel wrote the groundbreaking series I May Destroy You, which aired in 2020. It starred Coel as Arabella, a young Londoner who navigates issues of sexual violence, consent, and trauma after she is sexually assaulted during a night out with friends. The series, which Coel codirected and executive produced, was…

Let It Be: …of orchestral parts to “I Me Mine.” Among other changes, he also included background studio chatter and removed “Don’t Let Me Down.” McCartney especially was displeased with Spector’s orchestral additions; Lennon and Starr, meanwhile, liked the tracks. Nonetheless, Rolling Stone magazine criticized Spector’s work, and the general critical consensus…

Wesley Ruggles: Later films: With I Met Him in Paris (1937), Ruggles returned to the sort of romantic froth with which he was more familiar; Colbert was cast as an American fashion designer visiting Europe who is courted by three men (Robert Young, Melvyn Douglas, and Lee Bowman). The screwball…

Melissa Etheridge: …the Academy Award-winning song “I Need to Wake Up” for the 2006 Oscar-winning documentary An Inconvenient Truth.

Gene Hackman: …a feat he repeated with I Never Sang for My Father (1970).

Lillian Gish: …All the Way Home (1960), I Never Sang for My Father (1967), and many others. Her last Broadway appearance was in A Musical Jubilee in 1975.

I novel, form or genre of 20th-century Japanese literature that is characterized by self-revealing narration, with the author usually as the central character. The I novel grew out of the naturalist movement that dominated Japanese literature during the early decades of the 20th century. The term

Athens 1896 Olympic Games, athletic festival held in Athens that took place April 6–15, 1896. The Athens Games were the first occurrence of the modern Olympic Games. The inaugural Games of the modern Olympics were attended by as many as 280 athletes, all male, from 12 countries. The athletes

Chamonix 1924 Olympic Winter Games, athletic festival held in Chamonix, France, that took place Jan. 25–Feb. 5, 1924. The Chamonix Games were the first occurrence of the Winter Olympic Games. The Chamonix Games were originally staged as International Winter Sports Week, a meet sponsored by the

the Flamingos: …Never Say Goodbye” (1958), “I Only Have Eyes for You” (1959), and “Nobody Loves Me Like You” (1960). In the early 1960s, with the Careys the only remaining original members, the group achieved a few soul-style hits, but by the early 1970s they had become a revival act. The…

Dusty Springfield: With the single “I Only Want to Be with You” (1963), Springfield went solo and made her way into the heart of “Swinging London.” Part cartoon, part unresolvable desire, part bruised despair, she peered through heavy mascara and a stack of peroxided hair while singing with breathy sensuality.…

I promessi sposi, novel by Alessandro Manzoni, published in three volumes in 1825–26; the complete edition was issued in 1827. It was initially translated into English as The Betrothed Lovers, but it was more commonly translated as simply The Betrothed. Set in early 17th-century Lombardy during the

history of logic: Categorical forms: ” Particular affirmative: “Some β is an α.” Particular negative: “Some β is not an α.” Indefinite affirmative: “β is an α.” Indefinite negative: “β is not an α.” Singular affirmative: “x is an α,” where “x” refers to only one individual (e.g., “Socrates is an…

semiconductor device: The p-i-n diode: A p-i-n diode is a p-n junction with an impurity profile tailored so that an intrinsic layer, the “i region,” is sandwiched between a p layer and an n layer. The p-i-n diode has found wide application in microwave circuits. It can be…

George Stevens: Postwar films: Sun, Shane, and Giant: …made his first postwar feature, I Remember Mama (1948), for RKO. It was based on the nostalgic stories of Kathryn Forbes about her Norwegian immigrant family’s struggle to adjust to life in turn-of-the-century San Francisco; it had been successfully dramatized on Broadway in 1943 by John Van Druten. The longish…

Nora Ephron: …and it was followed by I Remember Nothing (2010). In 2009 she reunited with Streep for the box-office hit Julie & Julia. Ephron adapted the screenplay and directed the film, a dual biography of renowned chef Julia Child and writer Julie Powell, who blogged about cooking every recipe in Julia…

Meena Alexander: …The Bird’s Bright Ring (1976), I Root My Name (1977), Without Place (1978), Stone Roots (1980), House of a Thousand Doors (1988), and The Storm: A Poem in Five Parts (1989). She also wrote a one-act play, In the Middle Earth (1977); a volume of criticism, Women in Romanticism (1989);…

Frank Sargeson: …expanded form as the novel I Saw in My Dream (1949). The novella That Summer was initially printed in The Penguin New Writing (1943–44) and then as a stand-alone work and again as part of a story collection (1946). It delves into the dynamics of male friendship in the singular,…

Charles Demuth: …the poet William Carlos Williams: I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold (1928).

William Castle: King of the Gimmick: Crawford was back in I Saw What You Did (1965), which featured John Ireland as a murderous psychopath on the hunt for two teenage girls.

Burt Bacharach: …including “Walk On By,” “I Say a Little Prayer,” and “Do You Know the Way to San Jose?” He and David created the successful musical Promises, Promises (1968), and their score for the film Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) won an Academy Award, as did the movie’s…

Gudmundur Kamban: …et stort skönt land (1936; I See a Wondrous Land), a historical novel set in the 11th century that recounts the Viking expeditions to Greenland and America. Kamban’s first plays—Hadda Padda (1914; Eng. trans. Hadda Padda; filmed 1924) and Kongeglimen (1915; “Wrestling Before the King”)—are about the problems of love.…

encyclopaedia: Children’s encyclopaedias: …produced a completely pictorial encyclopaedia, I See All (1928–30), that comprised thousands of small illustrations, each accompanied by only a few words of text. Librarians treasured it for its reference value. In 1917–18 a completely new children’s encyclopaedia was published, The World Book Encyclopedia, which the title page described as…

Michael Imperioli: Acting career: …Martin Lawrence and Will Smith; I Shot Andy Warhol (1996), a biopic about activist Valerie Solanas; and Trees Lounge (1996), actor Steve Buscemi’s directorial debut, in which Imperioli starred as the frequent patron of a local bar. Imperioli later cowrote and had a supporting role in Lee’s Summer of Sam…

Samuel Fuller: Early life and work: …directorial debut with the western I Shot Jesse James.

Bob Marley: Formation of the Wailers, role of Rastafari, and international fame: …version of the Wailers’ “I Shot the Sheriff” in 1974 spread Marley’s fame. Meanwhile, Marley continued to guide the skilled Wailers band through a series of potent topical albums. By this point Marley was also being backed by a trio of female vocalists including his wife, Rita Marley (née…

I Sing the Body Electric, poem by Walt Whitman, published without a title in Leaves of Grass (1855 edition), later appearing as “Poem of the Body,” and acquiring its present title in 1867. The poem is a paean to the human form in all its manifestations of soundness. The respective vigours of male

Sarah Silverman: …substance-abusing adulterous suburban mother in I Smile Back (2015). Her later film credits included the thriller The Book of Henry (2017) and the biopic Battle of the Sexes (2017), which recounts the 1973 tennis match between Billie Jean King and Bobby Riggs.

Bill Cosby: TV success: Fat Albert and The Cosby Show: …assignment, in the espionage series I Spy (1965–68), made him the first Black actor to perform in a starring dramatic role on network television. His portrayal of a Black secret agent won him three Emmy Awards and helped to advance the status of African Americans on television. Cosby’s subsequent projects…

ABBA: Cultural significance and reunion: …quartet recorded two new songs—“I Still Have Faith in You” and “Don’t Shut Me Down”—and spent weeks performing in motion-capture suits to create the idealized 1979 versions of themselves that would appear as ABBAtars, but the reunion project soon grew in scope as it was overtaken by world events.…

W.S. Van Dyke: Later films: I Take This Woman (1940) featured mismatched Tracy and Hedy Lamarr in a cloying story of unappreciated sacrifice; directors Frank Borzage and Josef von Sternberg also had worked on the production but left the project and were not credited. Van Dyke reunited with MacDonald and…

Louis C.K.: …Down to Earth (2001) and I Think I Love My Wife (2007).

Peter Dinklage: …befriends a young woman in I Think We’re Alone Now (2018). He then starred as French actor Hervé Villechaize, known for the TV series Fantasy Island (1977–84), in the biopic My Dinner with Hervé (2018), which aired on the cable network HBO. In 2019 Dinklage appeared as the title character…

cogito, ergo sum, dictum coined by the French mathematician and philosopher René Descartes in his Discourse on Method (1637) as a first step in demonstrating the attainability of certain knowledge. It is the only statement to survive the test of his methodic doubt. The statement is indubitable, as

Byron Haskin: Haskin’s first sound feature was I Walk Alone (1947), a noir thriller starring Burt Lancaster and Lizabeth Scott, with Kirk Douglas playing the villain. Too Late for Tears (1949) was another hard-boiled noir; in it a woman (Scott) who accidentally receives a bag of stolen loot will do anything to…

John Frankenheimer: The 1970s and ’80s: The moody drama I Walk the Line (1970) featured Gregory Peck as a Tennessee sheriff who falls in love with the daughter (Tuesday Weld) of a moonshiner (Ralph Meeker), causing a conflict of interest. Although notable for fine performances and a sound track featuring Johnny Cash songs, the…

B-film: , Cat People, 1942; I Walked with a Zombie, 1943) and film noir classics such as director Robert Siodmak’s Criss Cross (1949)—were made as B-films.

the Ramones: …a Punk Rocker,” and “I Wanna Be Sedated” contrasted sharply with the complex, carefully orchestrated mainstream rock of the era. In ripped jeans and black leather jackets, the Ramones made their reputation with almost-nonstop touring and energetic live performances, notably at New York City’s CBGB club. Their tour of…

Robert Zemeckis: …and Gale’s first full-length film, I Wanna Hold Your Hand (1978). Zemeckis directed the comedy about three young girls who are obsessed with the Beatles. Zemeckis and Gale subsequently scripted the Spielberg-directed 1941 (1979), and Spielberg served as executive producer for several other films that Zemeckis directed, including his next…

Gene Pitney: …recording his compositions, with “I Wanna Love My Life Away” demonstrating a passionate vocal style. However, he sold more records with songs by other writers, such as “Town Without Pity” and Burt Bacharach and Hal David’s “The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance”; the latter rendition rose to number four…

Snoop Dogg: …he released the rap album I Wanna Thank Me (2019). In 2022 Snoop was among a group of hip-hop stars—which included Dr. Dre, Eminem, and Mary J. Blige—who performed at the Super Bowl halftime show.

Grayson Perry: I Want to Be an Artist (1996), the first of his vases to be sold at auction, fetched £36,000, more than twice the presale estimate.

Al Green: …version of the Beatles’ “I Want to Hold Your Hand” in 1969, which exhibited his awe-inspiring vocal agility, Green recorded a fine remake of the Temptations’ “I Can’t Get Next to You,” and it reached number one on the soul charts in 1971. But it was “Tired of Being…

Robert Wise: Films of the 1950s: … before attracting more attention with I Want to Live! (1958), in which Susan Hayward earned the only Academy Award of her career (for best actress) for her portrayal of a haughty hard-boiled prostitute who is seemingly railroaded into a death sentence. The academy also honoured Wise with his first nomination…

Richard Thompson: …most notable albums together were I Want to See the Bright Lights Tonight (1974) and Shoot Out the Lights (1982). The latter documents a marital relationship in the last stages of deterioration; the Thompsons divorced soon after.

Frederick Busch: Busch’s first novel, I Wanted a Year Without Fall, was published in 1971. It centres on two men who are running from their problems. In his second novel, Manual Labor (1974), a married couple grapples with a miscarriage. The same characters reappear in Rounds (1979), in which their…

Gordon Douglas: Warner Brothers: …Gig Young—and the red-baiting drama I Was a Communist for the FBI, with Frank Lovejoy as an undercover agent who infiltrates the Communist Party. Strangely, the latter film was nominated for an Academy Award for best documentary.

Howard Hawks: Films of the 1940s: …followed by the riotously funny I Was a Male War Bride (1949), set in the aftermath of World War II. It starred Grant as a French army officer who marries an American serving in the Women’s Army Corps (Ann Sheridan). The only that way he can accompany her to the…

Michael Landon: … debut in the cult classic I Was a Teenage Werewolf.

Gregory Ratoff: Films of the 1930s and ’40s: …1940, helming only two films: I Was an Adventuress, a crime drama about three con artists (played by Vera Zorina, Erich von Stroheim, and Lorre), and Public Deb No. 1, about a debutante (Brenda Joyce) who finds herself in trouble for attending a communist rally. Departing Fox, Ratoff signed with…

Harvey Fierstein: His memoir, I Was Better Last Night, was published in 2022.

Cicero: Ich war Cicero (1962; I Was Cicero) was written by Bazna himself (under his real name) in collaboration with Hans Nogly.

Stevie Wonder: …Wonder had hits with “I Was Made to Love Her,” “My Cherie Amour” (both cowritten with producer Henry Cosby), and “For Once in My Life,” songs that suited dancers as well as lovers. Where I’m Coming From, an album released in 1971, hinted not merely at an expanded musical…

Noël Coward: …About the Boy,” and “I Went to a Marvellous Party.”

Boyz II Men: …at number one with “I Will Always Love You,” Boyz II Men came back to tie her with “I’ll Make Love to You.” The release of their follow-up single, “On Bended Knee,” put them with an elite group of artists (Presley and the Beatles) who succeeded themselves at the…

Ngugi wa Thiong’o: …in Kikuyu, Ngaahika Ndeenda (1977; I Will Marry When I Want), the performance of which led to his detention for a year without trial by the Kenyan government. (His book Detained: A Writer’s Prison Diary, which was published in 1981, describes his ordeal.) The play attacks capitalism, religious hypocrisy, and…

Kenny Chesney: …All” from the 1997 album I Will Stand was Chesney’s first number-one hit on Billboard’s country songs chart. Two years later Everywhere We Go, with its traditional country-music sound, sold more than two million copies and positioned Chesney solidly within the musical mainstream. Most of his subsequent albums, while still…

Stevie Wonder: …“Boogie On Reggae Woman,” “I Wish,” and “Sir Duke.”

Lloyd Bacon: Later years of Lloyd Bacon: That was followed by I Wonder Who’s Kissing Her Now (1947), a biography of vaudeville star Joseph E. Howard, starring Mark Stevens and June Haver. You Were Meant for Me featured Dan Dailey and Jeanne Crain as a bandleader and his wife, respectively, struggling through the Depression, and Dailey…

Leonard Michaels: …short fiction—Going Places (1969) and I Would Have Saved Them if I Could (1975)—contain bizarre stories of hostile urban life, replete with fantasy, sexual incident, and violence. The tales often centre on Phillip Liebowitz, a young picaresque Jewish American man who finds himself in a series of absurd situations.

Sherman Alexie: …was a volume of poetry, I Would Steal Horses (1992). Shortly after its publication he quit drinking. The same year, he produced The Business of Fancydancing, a book combining prose and poetry. A prolific writer, he published in 1993 two more books of poetry—First Indian on the Moon and Old…

William Dieterle: Middle years of William Dieterle: Selznick, for whom he directed I’ll Be Seeing You (1944), starring Ginger Rogers as a woman convicted of manslaughter who, while on furlough during the holidays, falls in love with a shell-shocked soldier (Joseph Cotten). Love Letters (1945) was another glossy Selznick melodrama, with Jennifer Jones as an