radio telescope: Radio interferometry and aperture synthesis: …the 1960s the Swedish physicist Jan Hogbom developed a technique called CLEAN, which is used to remove the spurious responses from a celestial radio image caused by the use of discrete, rather than continuous, spacings in deriving the radio image. Further developments, based on a technique introduced in the early…

ragweed: Major species: The common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), also called Roman wormwood, hogweed, hogbrake, and bitterweed, is found across the North American continent. It typically grows about 1 metre (3.5 feet) high and has thin, alternate or opposite, much-divided leaves. The great, or giant, ragweed (A. trifida), also called…

hogchoker, North American fish, a species of sole

Netherlands: Justice: The Supreme Court (Hoge Raad) ensures a uniform application of the law, but it cannot determine constitutionality. In the legislative process itself, the government and the parliament together pass judgment on the constitutionality of a bill under consideration. Laws that are at variance with the country’s international agreements…

Jane Currie Blaikie Hoge was an American welfare worker and fund-raiser, best remembered for her impressive organizational efforts to provide medical supplies and other material relief to Union soldiers during the Civil War. Jane Blaikie was educated at the Young Ladies’ College in Philadelphia. In

Hōgen Disturbance, (July 1156), in Japan, conflict in the Hōgen era between the Taira and Minamoto clans that marked the end of the Fujiwara family’s dominance of the monarchy and the start of a prolonged period of feudal warfare. The conflict began as a dispute over control of the Imperial court

Hōgen Disturbance, (July 1156), in Japan, conflict in the Hōgen era between the Taira and Minamoto clans that marked the end of the Fujiwara family’s dominance of the monarchy and the start of a prolonged period of feudal warfare. The conflict began as a dispute over control of the Imperial court

Dirk van Hogendorp was a Dutch statesman and official of the Dutch East India Company who tried to incorporate the liberal ideas of the French Revolution into Dutch colonial policy and thereby stimulated wide controversy. Trained as a soldier, van Hogendorp went to the Indies in 1783 on a naval

Netherlands: The Kingdom of Holland and the French Empire (1806–13): …led by a remarkable figure, Gijsbert Karel van Hogendorp, a man of firm political principle who had refused to serve any of the governments that ruled in Holland after 1795 yet accepted the necessity for a reestablished prince of Orange to govern the country as a limited constitutional sovereign.

hogfish, any of certain species of fishes in the wrasse family, Labridae (order Perciformes). Although representatives of the family are found in tropical to temperate oceans throughout the world, the hogfishes occur only in the Atlantic, predominantly in the West Indies. One hogfish, Lachnolaimus

Douglas McGarel Hogg, 1st Viscount Hailsham of Hailsham was a British lawyer and politician, a prominent member of the Conservative Party in both the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Hogg was the son of Quintin Hogg, founder of the Polytechnic in Regent Street, London. On leaving Eton, Hogg

Douglas McGarel Hogg, 1st Viscount Hailsham of Hailsham was a British lawyer and politician, a prominent member of the Conservative Party in both the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Hogg was the son of Quintin Hogg, founder of the Polytechnic in Regent Street, London. On leaving Eton, Hogg

James Hogg was a Scottish poet, known as the “Ettrick Shepherd,” who enjoyed a vogue during the ballad revival that accompanied the Romantic movement. Hogg spent most of his youth and early manhood as a shepherd and was almost entirely self-educated. His talent was discovered early by Sir Walter

Quintin Hogg was an English philanthropist, social reformer, and founder of the Polytechnic, which became a model for later social and educational centres for underprivileged youth. For more than three decades, Hogg and his wife devoted their time and fortune to working among poor young people in

Thomas Jefferson Hogg was an English writer best known as the first biographer of his friend Percy Bysshe Shelley. Hogg first met Shelley at Oxford and was expelled with him in 1811 for his share in writing a pamphlet called “The Necessity of Atheism.” He later studied law at London’s Middle Temple

Ahaggar, large plateau in the north center of the Sahara, on the Tropic of Cancer, North Africa. Its height is above 3,000 feet (900 meters), culminating in Mount Tahat (9,573 feet [2,918 meters]) in southeastern Algeria. The plateau, about 965 miles (1,550 km) north to south and 1,300 miles (2,100

hoagie, submarine sandwich containing Italian meats, cheeses, and other fillings and condiments. The name likely comes from the Philadelphia area where, during World War I, Italian immigrants who worked at the Hog Island shipyard began making sandwiches; they were originally called “hoggies” before

Martins Ferry, city, Belmont county, eastern Ohio, U.S. It lies along the Ohio River (there bridged to Wheeling, W.Va.), about 60 miles (100 km) west of Pittsburgh, Pa. Squatters in the 1770s and ’80s formed settlements (Hoglin’s, or Mercer’s, Town and Norristown) on the site. In 1795 Absalom

Hogmanay, New Year’s festival in Scotland and parts of northern England. The name is also used for the dole of bread, cake, or sweets then given to the children who go from house to house soliciting it with traditional rhymes, one of which concludes with “Rise up and gie’s our Hogmanay.” On this

Hagen, mythological Germanic hero who plays a variety of roles in a number of northern European legends. In the Nibelungenlied, he appears as a vassal of the Burgundian king Gunther and is a grizzled warrior, loyal and wary. He plays a principal role in the epic as the slayer of Siegfried, who

hognose snake, (genus Heterodon), any of up to five species of North American nonvenomous snakes belonging to the family Colubridae. The snake is named for its upturned snout, which it uses for digging. When threatened, it flattens its head and neck and then strikes with a loud hiss but rarely

earthnut, (Conopodium majus), European plant of the carrot family (Apiaceae), so called because of its edible tubers. It grows in woods and fields in the British Isles and from Norway, France, Spain, and Portugal to Italy and Corsica. The slender, smooth perennial, growing 750 mm to 1 m (30 to 39

Chuuk Islands, cluster of 16 much-eroded high volcanic islands in the Federated States of Micronesia, western Pacific Ocean. The name Chuuk means “high mountains” in the Chuukese language, one of several Malayo-Polynesian languages that are used in the islands. The Chuuk Islands, which form part of

Dogon: Each large district has a hogon, or spiritual leader, and there is a supreme hogon for the whole country. In his dress and behaviour the hogon symbolizes the Dogon myth of creation, to which the Dogon relate much of their social organization and culture. Their metaphysical system—which categorizes physical objects,…

Sweden: Justice: …and the Supreme Court (högsta domstolen). District courts play the dominant role. A peculiar feature of these courts is a panel of lay assessors (nämndemän), who take part in the main hearings, primarily on more serious criminal and family cases. In such cases, the bench consists of a legally…

Concha Alós: Although her third novel, Las hogueras (1964; “Bonfires”), is also in that vein, it begins to reflect a deeper concern with individual psychology; the novel won the Planeta literary prize.

Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone: Summary: …has been accepted at the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. He also sheds light on Harry’s past, informing the boy that his parents, a wizard and a witch, were killed by the evil wizard Voldemort and that Harry acquired the lightning-bolt scar on his forehead during the fatal confrontation.

Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone: Summary: …has been accepted at the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. He also sheds light on Harry’s past, informing the boy that his parents, a wizard and a witch, were killed by the evil wizard Voldemort and that Harry acquired the lightning-bolt scar on his forehead during the fatal confrontation.

hogweed, either of two plant species of the cow parsnip genus (Heracleum) in the parsley family (Apiaceae). Both species are herbaceous biennials or perennials and have large compound leaves. The small five-petaled flowers are characteristically arranged in large dense clusters known as umbels.

ragweed: Major species: The common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), also called Roman wormwood, hogweed, hogbrake, and bitterweed, is found across the North American continent. It typically grows about 1 metre (3.5 feet) high and has thin, alternate or opposite, much-divided leaves. The great, or giant, ragweed (A. trifida), also called…

Hermann Sudermann: …novel Das hohe Lied (1908; The Song of Songs), a sympathetic study of the downward progress of a seduced girl, and Litauische Geschichten (1917; The Excursion to Tilsit), a collection of stories dealing with the simple villagers of his native region, are notable. Das Bilderbuch meiner Jugend (1922; The Book…

courtly love, in the later Middle Ages, a highly conventionalized code that prescribed the behaviour of ladies and their lovers. It also provided the theme of an extensive courtly medieval literature that began with the troubadour poetry of Aquitaine and Provence in southern France toward the end

courtly love, in the later Middle Ages, a highly conventionalized code that prescribed the behaviour of ladies and their lovers. It also provided the theme of an extensive courtly medieval literature that began with the troubadour poetry of Aquitaine and Provence in southern France toward the end

Hohe Tauern, segment of the Eastern Alps in southern Austria, extending for 70 miles (110 km) between the Zillertal Alps and the Italian border (west) and Katschberg Pass (east). Within the range lie many lofty peaks, including Grossglockner (12,460 feet [3,798 metres]), the highest point in

Paracelsus was a German-Swiss physician and alchemist who established the role of chemistry in medicine. He published Der grossen Wundartzney (Great Surgery Book) in 1536 and a clinical description of syphilis in 1530. Paracelsus, who was known as Theophrastus when he was a boy, was the only son of

Stuttgart: …is the seat of the University of Hohenheim (founded 1818), the University of Stuttgart (founded 1829), and the Stuttgart Institute of Management and Technology (founded 1998). The city contains technological colleges, a number of prestigious research centres, and academies for art, music, and architecture. It also features the state art…

Germany: End of the Holy Roman Empire: …Marengo (June 14, 1800) and Hohenlinden (December 3, 1800) forced Emperor Francis II to agree to the Treaty of Lunéville (February 9, 1801), which confirmed the cession of the Rhineland. More than that, those rulers who lost their possessions on the left bank under the terms of the peace were…

Baden-Württemberg: The Hohenlohe district is the granary of Baden-Württemberg. It lies around the old free city of Schwäbisch Hall and extends all the way to the borders of Bavaria at Rothenburg ob der Tauber. Large farms and numerous, often well-preserved, castles provide ample evidence of the wealth…

Hohenlohe Family, German princely family which took its name from the district of Hohenlohe in Franconia. First mentioned in the 12th century as possessing the castle of Hohenloch or Hohenlohe, near Uffenheim, the family soon extended its influence over several of the Franconian valleys, including

Friedrich Ludwig, prince zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen was a Prussian field marshal who commanded one of the two Prussian armies that were decisively defeated by Napoleon at the twin battles of Jena and Auerstädt in 1806, a disaster that turned his country into a French dependency. Hohenlohe entered the

Kraft, prince zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen was a Prussian army officer and military writer. The son of Adolf, Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen, he joined the Prussian Guard Artillery in 1845. During the Seven Weeks’ War, Hohenlohe led the Guard Artillery with great success against the Austrian Corps

Chlodwig Karl Viktor, prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst was the imperial German chancellor and Prussian prime minister from October 1894 to October 1900. Known as the “Uncle Chlodwig”, his fatherly relationship with the emperor William II did not enable him to prevent his sovereign’s demagogic

Hohenstaufen dynasty, German dynasty that ruled the Holy Roman Empire from 1138 to 1208 and from 1212 to 1254. The founder of the line was the count Frederick (died 1105), who built Staufen Castle in the Swabian Jura Mountains and was rewarded for his fidelity to Emperor Henry IV by being appointed

Karl Siegmund, count von Hohenwart was an Austrian statesman who served briefly as prime minister of Austria (1871). After service in the provincial administrations of Carniola (now in Slovenia) and Trentino, Italy, Hohenwart was appointed Statthalter (governor) of Upper Austria (1868). A Roman

Hechingen: The Hohenzollern Castle on Hohenzollern Mountain (2,782 feet [848 metres]) was destroyed in 1423 and rebuilt by Frederick William IV, king of Prussia, in 1850–56. It houses the Prussian crown jewels, and Frederick II the Great and his father, Frederick William I, are buried in its…

Hohenzollern dynasty, dynasty prominent in European history, chiefly as the ruling house of Brandenburg-Prussia (1415–1918) and of imperial Germany (1871–1918). It takes its name from a castle in Swabia first mentioned as Zolorin or Zolre (the modern Hohenzollern, south of Tübingen, in the Land

Carol I was the first king of Romania, whose long reign (as prince, 1866–81, and as king, 1881–1914) brought notable military and economic development along Western lines but failed to solve the basic problems of an overwhelmingly rural country. As a German prince, Carol was educated in Dresden and

Mittenwald: …a chairlift up the nearby Hoher Kranz Mountain (4,564 feet [1,391 metres]). Zugspitze, Germany’s highest peak at 9,718 feet (2,962 metres), is just west of Mittenwald. Pop. (2007 est.) 7,735.

philosophy of logic: Law: , a theory developed by Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld, a pre-World War I U.S. legal scholar, of what he called the fundamental legal conceptions. Although originally presented in informal terms, this theory is closely related to recent deontic logic (in some cases in combination with suitable causal notions). Even some of…

Hohhot, city and (since 1952) provincial capital of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, northern China. The city is a prefecture-level municipality (shi) and the command headquarters of the Inner Mongolia Military Region. It is situated in the upper valley of the Dahei River (a westward-flowing

Paleolithic Period: Paleolithic art: …five finger holes, found at Hohle Fels Cave, near Ulm, Germany, and dated to about 35,000 years ago. Those flutes give evidence of yet another art form practiced in prehistoric cultures.

children’s literature: War and beyond: , The Caves of the Great Hunters, 1954; rev. ed., 1962), is a minor classic. Mention should be made of Fritz Mühlenweg, a veteran of the Sven Hedin expedition of 1928–32 to Inner Mongolia and the author of Grosser-Tiger und Kompass-Berg (1950; Eng. trans., Big Tiger…

electrostatic precipitator: In 1824 M. Hohlfeld, a mathematics teacher in Leipzig, first described the precipitation of smoke particles by electricity. The first commercially successful process was patented in 1908 following experiments by American chemist Frederick Gardner Cottrell at the University of California, Berkeley. Early units were used to remove…

fusion reactor: Principles of inertial confinement: …cylindrical shell known as a hohlraum, and the driver is aimed at the walls of the hohlraum. The hohlraum absorbs the driver’s energy and then radiates the target with intense X-rays, which cause the pellet to heat and implode. Because a hohlraum is effectively a resonant cavity, the X-ray intensity…

Hammond, city, Lake county, northwestern Indiana, U.S. It is located in the Calumet industrial complex between Chicago and Gary, on the Grand Calumet River, near Lake Michigan. It was founded in 1869 when George Hammond, a pioneer in the shipping of refrigerated beef, established with Marcus Towle

Hohmann orbit, most economical path (though not the shortest or fastest) for a spacecraft to take from one planet to another. The German engineer Walter Hohmann showed in 1925 that elliptical orbits tangent to the orbits of both the planet of departure and the target planet require the least fuel

history of Europe: Prestige and status: …these rich Hallstatt graves was Hohmichele, located within the complex around Heuneburg on the Danube. This barrow was one of the satellite graves surrounding the large hill fort. It covered a central grave and 12 secondary burials. The barrow was constructed in several stages, resulting in a large imposing monument…

athletics: The javelin throw: …in 1964, and by 1984 Uwe Hohn (East Germany) had thrown a prodigious 104.80 meters (343.8 feet), a throw so great that it influenced a change in the design of the javelin to keep it within the safe confines of the field. Beginning in 1985, throwers used a javelin that,…

East African lakes: Study and exploration: …later Count Sámuel Teleki and Ludwig von Höhnel reached Lake Rudolf. Considerable scientific study of the lakes region has been conducted since that time.

Hohokam culture, prehistoric North American Indians who lived approximately from 200 to 1400 ce in the semiarid region of present-day central and southern Arizona, largely along the Gila and Salt rivers. The term Hohokam is said to be Pima for “those who have vanished.” The culture is customarily

Casa Grande Ruins National Monument: …northwest of Casa Grande is Hohokam Pima National Monument (established 1972), which covers 2.6 square miles (6.7 square km). The monument, which is in the Gila River Indian Reservation, preserves partially excavated village sites established many centuries before the Salado by the Hohokam people. The Hohokam (whose name is a…

Vietnam: Western penetration of Vietnam: …were established at Faifo (modern Hoi An), south of present-day Da Nang. More Portuguese missionaries arrived later in the 16th century, and they were followed by other Europeans. The best-known of these was the French Jesuit missionary Alexandre de Rhodes, who completed a transcription of the Vietnamese language into Roman…

Encyclopædia Britannica: Britannica in the digital era: …1999, under editor in chief Dale Hoiberg, the editorial division began a massive multiyear review and revision of the encyclopaedia’s database. Scholars from around the world reviewed the content, making revisions to or suggesting major rewriting of existing content and recommending new articles on subjects not covered. At the same…

Crown Princess Mette-Marit is a Norwegian of middle-class background who, despite intense public scrutiny of what was seen by many as her checkered past, wed Crown Prince Haakon of Norway. Mette-Marit was the daughter of a journalist and a bank employee. Her parents divorced when she was young, and

Haikou, city and capital of Hainan sheng (province), southern China. It is situated on the north coast of Hainan Island, facing the Leizhou Peninsula, across the Hainan (Qiongzhou) Strait (9.5 miles [15 km] wide). Haikou originally grew up as the port for Qiongshan, the ancient administrative

hoisin sauce, commercially prepared, thick reddish-brown sauce used in Chinese cuisine both as an ingredient in cooking and as a table condiment. Made from soybeans, flour, sugar, water, spices, garlic, and chili, it is sweet and spicy. It is used in cooking shellfish and fatty meats such as pork

flag: …the staff is called the hoist, and the outer part is called the fly. A flag’s length (also called the fly) usually exceeds its width (hoist). The main portion of the flag, constituting all or most of its area, is called the field or ground. In addition, flags often have…

hoist, mechanical device used primarily for raising and lowering heavy loads but occasionally for moving objects horizontally. It usually consists of a block and tackle—a combination of one or more fixed pulleys, a moving pulley with a hook or other similar means of attaching loads, and a rope (or

Gabriel García Márquez: Works: …two novels, La hojarasca (1955; The Leaf Storm) and La mala hora (1962; In Evil Hour); a novella, El coronel no tiene quien le escriba (1961; No One Writes to the Colonel); and a few short stories. Then came One Hundred Years of Solitude, in which García Márquez tells the…

Julián del Casal: His first volume of poetry, Hojas al viento (1890; “Leaves in the Wind”), clearly shows the influence of the French Parnassian poets, especially Baudelaire. Throughout his poetry, Casal expressed an almost compulsive preference for the artificial and man-made over the natural. A chronic invalid, he died of tuberculosis while preparing…

Hōjō Family, family of hereditary regents to the shogunate of Japan who exercised actual rule from 1199 to 1333. During that period, nine successive members of the family held the regency. The Hōjō took their name from their small estate in the Kanogawa Valley in Izu Province. Hōjō Tokimasa

Hōjō Masako was the wife of Minamoto Yoritomo (1147–99), the first shogun, or military dictator, of Japan. She is said to have been largely responsible for Yoritomo’s success, and after his death she assumed great power. Masako fell in love with Yoritomo when he was exiled from the capital by his

The Sea of Fertility, four-part epic novel by Mishima Yukio, published in Japanese in 1965–70 as Hōjō no umi and widely regarded as his most lasting achievement. Each of the four parts—Haru no yuki (Spring Snow), Homma (Runaway Horses), Akatsuki no tera (The Temple of Dawn), and Tennin gosui (The

Japan: Kamakura culture: the new Buddhism and its influence: One was Hōjō Sanetoki, who collected Japanese and Chinese books and founded a famous library, the Kanazawa Bunko, in the Shōmyō Temple (at what is now Yokohama). Reflecting the rise of the warrior class, military epics became popular. The most famous is the anonymously written The Tale…

Go-Daigo: Early years.: …the youth of the regent, Hōjō Takatoki, who, at investiture, was only eight years old. As he grew to manhood, his questionable intelligence and dissolute ways—spending much time, for example, watching dogfights—led to a widespread loss of confidence in the shogunate. Further alienation of many traditional supporters of the shogunate…

Hōjō Tokimasa was a Japanese warrior who aided Minamoto Yoritomo in establishing the Kamakura shogunate, the military government by which Yoritomo ruled the country from his base at Kamakura in central Japan, while the emperor continued to rule only symbolically from his residence at Kyōto, to the

Hōjō Tokimune was a young regent to the shogun (military dictator of Japan), under whom the country fought off two Mongol invasions, the only serious foreign threats to the Japanese islands before modern times. Tokimune was 17 when he assumed the office of regent in 1268, the year that the Mongol

Japan: The Hōjō regency: In 1249 the regent Hōjō Tokiyori also set up a judicial court, the Hikitsuke-shū, to secure greater impartiality and promptness in legal decisions.

Hōjō Yasutoki was a regent whose administrative innovations in the shogunate, or military dictatorship, were responsible for institutionalizing that office as the major ruling body in Japan until 1868 and for stabilizing Hōjō rule of Japan for almost a century. The office of shogun originated with

Hōjō Yoshitoki was a warrior responsible for the consolidation of the power of the Kamakura shogunate, the military dictatorship that ruled Japan from the city of Kamakura in central Japan (1192–1333). Yoshitoki succeeded his father, Hōjō Tokimasa (q.v.), as regent, making this office the

An Account of My Hut, poetic diary by Kamo Chōmei, written in Japanese in 1212 as Hōjōki. It is admired as a classic literary and philosophical work. An Account of My Hut (the title is sometimes translated as The Ten Foot Square Hut) relates the musings of a Buddhist who renounces the world to live

South Korea: Economic and social developments: …new family register system (hojeok) that took effect in 2008. Under the old system only men could register as family heads; thus, children were legally part of the father’s family register, not the mother’s. The new system increased women’s legal standing in, among other things, divorce and child-custody cases.…

An Account of My Hut, poetic diary by Kamo Chōmei, written in Japanese in 1212 as Hōjōki. It is admired as a classic literary and philosophical work. An Account of My Hut (the title is sometimes translated as The Ten Foot Square Hut) relates the musings of a Buddhist who renounces the world to live

tragedy: Absence of tragedy in Asian drama: In The Hoka Priests, by Zenchiku Ujinobu (1414–99), a son is confronted with Hamlet’s problem—i.e., that of avenging the death of his father. He is uncertain how to proceed, since his father’s murderer has many bold fellows to stand by him, while he is all alone.…

Hokan hypothesis, proposed but controversial and largely abandoned grouping, or phylum, of American Indian languages. Different versions of the Hokan hypothesis include different members, most of them spoken in California and the U.S. Southwest, though several of them extend into Mexico and beyond.

Hakka language, Chinese language spoken by considerably fewer than the estimated 80 million Hakka people living mainly in eastern and northern Guangdong province but also in Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Hunan, and Sichuan provinces. Hakka is also spoken by perhaps 7 million immigrants in widely

Lotus Sutra, (“Lotus of the Good Law [or True Doctrine] Sutra”), one of the earlier Mahāyāna Buddhist texts venerated as the quintessence of truth by the Japanese Tendai (Chinese T’ien-t’ai) and Nichiren sects. The Lotus Sutra is regarded by many others as a religious classic of great beauty and

hocket, in medieval polyphonic (multipart) music, the device of alternating between parts, single notes, or groups of notes. The result is a more or less continuous flow with one voice resting while the other voice sounds. The hocket was a popular device in the motet and the cantilena (vernacular

Christianity: The doctrine of the Virgin Mary and holy Wisdom: The doctrine of the heavenly Wisdom (Sophia) represents an Eastern church particularity. In late Judaism, speculations about the heavenly Wisdom—a figure beside God that presents itself to humanity as mediator in the work of creation as well as mediator of the knowledge of God—abounded. In Roman Catholic doctrine, Mary, the…

Ecclesiasticus, deuterocanonical biblical work (accepted in the Roman Catholic canon but noncanonical for Jews and Protestants), an outstanding example of the wisdom genre of religious literature that was popular in the early Hellenistic period of Judaism (3rd century bce to 3rd century ce). This

Helen Hokinson was an American cartoonist best known for her gently satirical drawings of plump, slightly bewildered suburban matrons and clubwomen. Her “girls” were unworldly and naïve, concerned with diets, hats, propriety, and the diligent pursuit of culture and self-improvement. Hokinson

Hokitika, town on the west coast of South Island, New Zealand. It lies at the mouth of the Hokitika River, which rises in the Southern Alps and, fed by the Mungo, Whitcombe, and Kokatahi rivers, flows northward 40 miles (64 km) to Westland Bight of the Tasman Sea. A store was erected at the river

Hokitika: …at the mouth of the Hokitika River, which rises in the Southern Alps and, fed by the Mungo, Whitcombe, and Kokatahi rivers, flows northward 40 miles (64 km) to Westland Bight of the Tasman Sea.

Hokkaido, northernmost of the four main islands of Japan. It is bordered by the Sea of Japan (East Sea) to the west, the Sea of Okhotsk to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the east and south. Together with a few small adjacent islands, it constitutes a dō (province) of Japan. Sapporo, in the

Hokkaido, northernmost of the four main islands of Japan. It is bordered by the Sea of Japan (East Sea) to the west, the Sea of Okhotsk to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the east and south. Together with a few small adjacent islands, it constitutes a dō (province) of Japan. Sapporo, in the

Pacific League: …Lotte Marines, Fukuoka Softbank Hawks, Hokkaido Nippon Ham Fighters, Orix Buffaloes, Saitama Seibu Lions, and Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles. The regular playing season culminates in the Japan Series, a seven-game series between the respective champion teams of the Pacific and Central leagues.

William Smith Clark: …organize Sapporo Agricultural School, later Hokkaido University, in Japan. He also stimulated the development of a Christian movement in Japan.

Japanese art: Sculpture: …construction of Tōdai Temple is Hokkedō, also known as Sangatsudō, located at the eastern edge of the Tōdai complex. Tradition suggests that Hokkedō, the oldest building in the Tōdai complex, may have been the temple of the monk Rōben, who, working in tandem with Emperor Shōmu, was the driving force…

Tiantai, rationalist school of Buddhist thought that takes its name from the mountain in southeastern China where its founder and greatest exponent, Zhiyi, lived and taught in the 6th century. The school was introduced into Japan in 806 by Saichō, known posthumously as Dengyō Daishi. The chief

Japanese art: Sculpture: …construction of Tōdai Temple is Hokkedō, also known as Sangatsudō, located at the eastern edge of the Tōdai complex. Tradition suggests that Hokkedō, the oldest building in the Tōdai complex, may have been the temple of the monk Rōben, who, working in tandem with Emperor Shōmu, was the driving force…