Cushitic languages: …Maʾa/Mbugu, and (in Kenya) Dahalo; Highland East Cushitic, including Burji, Sidamo, Kambata, and Hadiyya; Lowland East Cushitic, including Dasenech, Arbore, Saho-Afar, and Oromo and its close relatives such as Konso; and the Omo-Tana group, with languages such as Somali, Rendille, and Boni.

highland fling, national dance of Scotland. A vigorous dance requiring delicate balance and precision, it was probably originally a victory dance for a solo male dancer, performed after battle. It is performed in 44 time and consists of a series of intricate steps performed on one spot. Especially

Highland Games, originally, athletic meetings carried out in the Scottish Highlands. The name now denotes similar athletic competitions in any part of the world, usually conducted under the auspices of a local Caledonian society and held according to what are believed to be traditional customs. The

kipunji, (Rungwecebus kipunji), arboreal species of monkeys that occur in two populations in the Eastern Arc forests of Tanzania: one in the Ndundulu forest in the Udzungwa Mountains, the other in the Rungwe-Livingstone forest of the Southern Highlands. It is light brown in colour with white on the

copperhead: The North American copperhead Agkistrodon (also spelled Ancistrodon) contortrix is a venomous species found in swampy, rocky, and wooded regions of the eastern and central United States. Also called highland moccasin, it is a member of the viper family (Viperidae) and is placed in the subfamily…

Kalenjin, any member of the Kipsikis (Kipsigis), Nandi, Pokot, or other related peoples of west-central Kenya, northern Tanzania, and Uganda who speak Southern Nilotic languages of the Nilo-Saharan language family. The Kalenjin peoples probably expanded into the Rift Valley about ad 1500. During

Highland Park, city, Lake county, northeastern Illinois, U.S. Lying on Lake Michigan, it is a suburb of Chicago, located some 25 miles (40 km) north of downtown. Potawatomi Indians were recent inhabitants of the area when settlement of the site began in 1834. The community was called St. Johns and

Highland Park, city, Wayne county, southeastern Michigan, U.S. A small part of the city limits touches the town of Hamtramck; both towns are otherwise completely surrounded by Detroit. Settled in the early 1800s, it was first called Nabor and then Whitewood. It was incorporated as a village in

Highlander Research and Education Center, American activist organization (founded 1932) that seeks social, economic, and political equality. It became especially known for its involvement in the American civil rights movement during the 1950s. Its activities include organizing, leadership training,

Highlander Research and Education Center, American activist organization (founded 1932) that seeks social, economic, and political equality. It became especially known for its involvement in the American civil rights movement during the 1950s. Its activities include organizing, leadership training,

New York Yankees, American professional baseball team based in the borough of the Bronx in New York City. One of the most famous and successful franchises in all of sports, the Yankees have won a record 27 World Series titles and 40 American League (AL) pennants. The franchise began in 1901 in

Scottish Highlands, major physiographic and cultural division of Scotland, lying northwest of a line drawn from Dumbarton, near the head of the Firth of Clyde on the western coast, to Stonehaven, on the eastern coast. The western offshore islands of the Inner and Outer Hebrides and Arran and Bute

Melanesian culture: Gender relations: …the southern face of the Highlands (Anga speakers and Papuan plateau peoples) and the high central mountains (Mountain Ok peoples) down into the Sepik. Peoples throughout this zone were preoccupied with ideas about growth and the physical fluids and substances (semen, vaginal fluids, and menstrual blood) that they regarded as…

African dance: Dance as recreation: Highlife was a style of urban recreational dance popular in West Africa in the 1950s. It originated in Ghana, where musicians adopted Western dance-band instruments at open-air nightclubs to celebrate the exuberant spirit of independence. In Nigeria, local instruments were used as the Yoruba created…

highlife, type of West African popular music and dance that originated in Ghana in the late 19th century, later spread to western Nigeria, and flourished in both countries in the 1950s. The earliest form of highlife was performed primarily by brass bands along the Ghanaian coast. By the early 20th

protease inhibitor: …emergence of resistant virus is highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which combines three or more reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors.

radio telescope: Radio telescope arrays: …(26-foot) dish, known as the VLBI Space Observatory Program (VSOP), in Earth orbit. Working with the VLBA and other ground-based radio telescopes, VSOP gave interferometer baselines up to 33,000 km (21,000 miles). (VSOP was also known as the Highly Advanced Laboratory for Communication and Astronomy [HALCA].) In 2003 the VSOP…

bird flu: Subtypes of bird flu virus: …viruses are further distinguished as highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) or low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI). With few exceptions (e.g., H5N1, H7N9), most H5, H7, and H9 subtypes are LPAI viruses. LPAI viruses can still cause mild to moderate disease, however. For example, infection with H7N2, H7N3, H7N7, or H9N2…

estuary: Types: …and (4) the fjord (or highly stratified estuary).

Joseph Highmore was an English portrait and genre painter who was stylistically associated with the English Rococo. Highmore attended Sir Godfrey Kneller’s academy in London from 1713. In Highmore’s early work he adapted Kneller’s style of portraiture to a more realistic if less masterful

Patricia Highsmith was an American novelist and short-story writer who was best known for psychological thrillers, in which she delved into the nature of guilt, innocence, good, and evil. Highsmith, who took her stepfather’s name, graduated from Barnard College, New York City, in 1942 and traveled

Silurian Period: Silurian sea level: …that at least four global highstands (intervals where sea level lies above the continental shelf edge) took place during Llandovery time. Sea level fluctuations are reconstructed by studying biological community replacement patterns through well-exposed stratigraphic sequences and then comparing the timing of trends on an interregional to intercontinental basis. These…

Rick Perry: …successfully challenged the Democratic incumbent Jim Hightower in the race to head the Texas Department of Agriculture; Perry was easily reelected in 1994. In 1998 he stood for lieutenant governor of Texas and—with an endorsement from former U.S. president George H.W. Bush—prevailed with just over 50 percent of the vote.…

Rosella Hightower was an American ballerina and ballet teacher. Hightower began ballet classes in Kansas City, Mo., with Dorothy Perkins in 1928. When she was 17 years old she studied in Europe, first performing with Leonide Massine’s Ballet Russe (1938–41). Hightower then performed primarily with

Eswatini: Relief and soils: …to east they are the Highveld, the Middleveld, the Lowveld, and the Lubombo (Lebombo) escarpment. Geologically, the oldest formations are in the west, and the youngest are in the east.

coal mining: Auger mining: Highwall mining is an adaptation of auger mining. Instead of an auger hole, an entry into the coal seam is made by a continuous miner, remotely operated from a cabin at the surface. The cut coal is transported by conveyors behind the miner to the…

Jared Leto: …the thrillers Panic Room (2002), Highway (2002), Lord of War (2005), and Lonely Hearts (2006), and then he put on 60 pounds (27 kg) for his portrayal of John Lennon’s killer, Mark David Chapman, in the widely panned film Chapter 27 (2007).

highway, major road, usually in rural areas, but more recently a rural or urban road where points of entrance and exit for traffic are limited and controlled. See

Bob Dylan: …album containing the hit single, Highway 61 Revisited (1965), further vindicated his abdication of the protest throne.

Lady Bird Johnson: …urged Congress to pass the Highway Beautification Bill, which was strenuously opposed by billboard advertisers. Her involvement in the legislation was highly unusual, and, though she received some criticism, the bill (in diluted form) passed Congress and became law in October 1965.

Tom Petty: Petty’s third solo album, Highway Companion (2006), and the Heartbreakers’ blues-drenched Mojo (2010) followed. Hypnotic Eye, another Heartbreakers’ effort, topped the Billboard album chart in 2014.

ice plant: Highway ice plant (Carpobrotus edulis, formerly Mesembryanthemum edule) is one of the most commonly grown species and is named for the transparent glistening swellings on its edible leaves. It is cultivated in gardens and as an indoor potted plant. It is naturalized in California, where…

Gene Roddenberry: …several network programs, including Dragnet, Highway Patrol, Dr. Kildare, and Have Gun—Will Travel. In 1964 he began trying to sell the idea of Star Trek to producers, but not until September 8, 1966, did the first episode debut on the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) network. The series was repeatedly threatened…

road: The United States and Canada: …Aid Highway Act and the Highway Revenue Act of 1956 provided funding for an accelerated program of construction. A federal gasoline tax was established, the funds from which, with other highway-user payments, were placed in a Highway Trust Fund. The federal-state ratio for funding construction of the Interstate System was…

Michael Landon: …help mortals in the series Highway to Heaven.

AC/DC: …the Youngs), the band recorded Highway to Hell (1979), which brought them international fame. AC/DC’s rise was hampered by Scott’s alcohol-related death in February 1980, but replacement Johnson’s falsetto fit in well with the group’s tight, clean metal punch and their raucous bad-boy image. The band’s next album, Back in…

Canadian literature: Drama: …impact following the success of Tomson Highway’s The Rez Sisters (1988), which he later followed with Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing (1989) and Ernestine Shuswap Gets Her Trout (2005). Marie Clements (The Unnatural and Accidental Women, 2005), Margo Kane (Confessions of an Indian Cowboy, 2001), Monique Mojica (Princess Pocahontas…

Kris Kristofferson: Film career and Highwaymen: …and then an album titled Highwayman (1985). Both the single and the album rose to number one on the Billboard country music charts. The group, which became known informally as the Highwaymen, released three albums over the course of a decade, with Highwayman 2 in 1990 and their last one,…

Kevin Costner: In the Netflix film The Highwaymen (2019), Costner played a former Texas Ranger searching for the outlaws Bonnie and Clyde. He then lent his voice to a contemplative Golden Retriever who narrates the story of his years as a companion to a race car driver in The Art of…

Kris Kristofferson: Film career and Highwaymen: …which became known informally as the Highwaymen, released three albums over the course of a decade, with Highwayman 2 in 1990 and their last one, The Road Goes On Forever, in 1995.

road: The United Kingdom: The Highways Act of 1959 swept away all previous highway legislation in England and Wales and replaced it with a comprehensive set of new laws.

C.J. Koch: …including in his interconnected novels Highways to a War (1995) and Out of Ireland (1999), the former of which tells the story of an Australian character in Cambodia and Vietnam during the Vietnam War.

climate stripes: Origin: …his colleague, British climate scientist Ellie Highwood, who would knit squares of crochet each day using colors that depicted the local daily temperature. Previously, Hawkins illustrated long-term change in Earth’s temperature with an animated spiral graphic that tracked temperatures from 1850 to 2016. He received the Royal Meteorological Society’s 2017…

electronic game: From chess to Spacewar! to Pong: For example, in 1958 William A. Higinbotham of the Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York used an analog computer, control boxes, and an oscilloscope to create Tennis for Two as part of a public display for visitors to the laboratory. Only a few years later Steve Russell, Alan Kotok,…

printing: Second generation of phototypesetters: functional: … in 1949 by two Frenchmen, René Higonnet and Louis Moyroud. Executed by phototypesetting, The Marvelous World of Insects was done on their machine in 1953. The first model had an attached keyboard. Later models with a separate keyboard printed more than 28,000 characters per hour.

Lofoten: The highest peak is Higravtinden (3,760 feet [1,146 metres]) on Austvågøya. North of the Arctic Circle, the islands are washed by the warm North Atlantic Current, which tempers their climate.

Higuchi Ichiyō was a poet and novelist, the most important Japanese woman writer of her period, whose characteristic works dealt with the licensed pleasure quarters of Tokyo. She had a comfortable childhood as the daughter of a low-ranking government employee. Upon the death of her father in 1889,

Higuchi Ichiyō was a poet and novelist, the most important Japanese woman writer of her period, whose characteristic works dealt with the licensed pleasure quarters of Tokyo. She had a comfortable childhood as the daughter of a low-ranking government employee. Upon the death of her father in 1889,

Higuchi Ichiyō was a poet and novelist, the most important Japanese woman writer of her period, whose characteristic works dealt with the licensed pleasure quarters of Tokyo. She had a comfortable childhood as the daughter of a low-ranking government employee. Upon the death of her father in 1889,

Alberto Fujimori: Presidency: In the mid-1990s Fujimori’s wife, Susana Higuchi, publicly denounced him as corrupt and undemocratic and sought to run against him in the 1995 elections. Fujimori, however, had earlier passed a law prohibiting immediate relatives of the president from seeking the office, and she was ultimately barred from entering the race.…

John II: …defeating the Muslims in the Battle of Higueruela (1431). John II sequestered his son, the future Henry IV, at Segovia, giving rise to fresh rivalries. He and Luna vanquished the dissidents at the Battle of Olmedo in 1445.

Higüey, city, southeastern Dominican Republic, in the wide coastal lowland. Founded in 1502 by Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León, Higüey has long been a pilgrimage centre known for its elaborate shrine of the Virgin Mary, which houses a magnificent altar. The city is a commercial as well as a

H II region, interstellar matter consisting of ionized hydrogen atoms. The energy that is responsible for ionizing and heating the hydrogen in an emission nebula comes from a central star that has a surface temperature in excess of 20,000 K. The density of these clouds normally ranges from 10 to

Waipio Valley: …ribboned with spectacular waterfalls (including Hiilawe Falls, which drops more than 1,000 feet [300 metres]), the picturesque valley faces a heavy Pacific surf along the Hamakua coast, where it is fringed by an impassable reef. The valley, whose name means “Curving Water,” was once the home of a large native…

lud: The Finnish hiisi and Estonian hiis were apparently comparable groves, though little information exists on actual sacrifices or other ceremonies in them. In Ingria sacred groves were still in use during the latter part of the 19th century, where prayers and offerings were directed to Ukko, a…

Tapio, the Finnish god of the forest and ruler of the game therein. He was a personified form of the various forest spirits important to hunters dependent on the forest for their livelihood. Tapio, the personified forest, was sometimes depicted as being the size of a fir tree, fierce-looking, like

lud: The Finnish hiisi and Estonian hiis were apparently comparable groves, though little information exists on actual sacrifices or other ceremonies in them. In Ingria sacred groves were still in use during the latter part of the 19th century, where prayers and offerings were directed to Ukko, a…

Hiiumaa, island of the Muhu archipelago, Estonia. It lies in the Baltic Sea, northwest of the Gulf of Riga. Hiiumaa is the northernmost of the three larger islands forming the archipelago. It is separated from the island of Saaremaa to the south by Soela Strait and from the mainland to the east by

Hiiumaa, island of the Muhu archipelago, Estonia. It lies in the Baltic Sea, northwest of the Gulf of Riga. Hiiumaa is the northernmost of the three larger islands forming the archipelago. It is separated from the island of Saaremaa to the south by Soela Strait and from the mainland to the east by

Isabel Allende: …Hija de la fortuna (1999; Daughter of Fortune), about a Chilean woman who leaves her country for the California gold rush of 1848–49, and Retrato en sepia (2000; Portrait in Sepia), about a woman tracing the roots of her past. El Zorro (2005; Zorro) is a retelling of the well-known…

Pedro Calderón de la Barca: Secular plays: …plays are best represented by La hija del aire. This play in two parts dramatizes the legend of Semiramis (the warrior queen of Babylon whose greed for political power led her to conceal and impersonate her son on his accession). It is often considered Calderón’s masterpiece. Highly stylized, it conveys…

hijab, garment worn by some Muslim women to cover their hair. By the 21st century this meaning had become more familiar in Muslim-minority societies than the broader concept of hijab as a practice observed by both Muslim men and women of wearing conservative clothing. Wearing hijab and other

hijacking, the illegal seizure of a land vehicle, aircraft, or other conveyance while it is in transit. Although since the late 20th century hijacking most frequently involved the seizure of an airplane and its forcible diversion to destinations chosen by the air pirates, when the term was coined

Hejaz Railway, railroad between Damascus, Syria, and Medina (now in Saudi Arabia), one of the principal railroads of the Ottoman Turkish Empire. Its main line was constructed in 1900–08, ostensibly to facilitate pilgrimages to the Muslims’ holy places in Arabia but in fact also to strengthen

Hejaz, region of western Saudi Arabia, along the mountainous Red Sea coast of the Arabian Peninsula from Jordan on the north to Asir region on the south. The northern part of the province was occupied as early as the 6th century bce, when the Chaldean kings of Babylon maintained Taymāʾ as a summer

Islamic arts: Arab countries: Some, like the company of Salāmah Ḥijāzī, used music to such an extent that their productions approached being labelled opera or operetta. Others, like that of ʿAlī al-Kassār, specialized in downright farce, expressed in revue form, with a Nubian hero, the “Barbarin,” who made a specialty of ridicule and mimicry.…

South Asian arts: Ḥaju and shahr-āshūb: Less ornate, if not less elaborate, and more edifying are the ḥaju (derogatory verses, personal and otherwise) and the shahr-āshūb (poems lamenting the decline or destruction of a city). They provide useful information about the mores and morals of the period from…

hijiri, (Japanese: “holy man”), in Japanese religion, a man of great personal magnetism and spiritual power, as distinct from a leader of an institutionalized religion. Historically, hijiri has been used to refer to sages of various traditions, such as the shaman, Shintō mountain ascetic, Taoist

Augusto Roa Bastos: …novel Hijo de hombre (1960; Son of Man) was an overwhelming critical and popular success. It recreates Paraguay’s history from the dictatorship of José Gaspar de Francia early in the 19th century through the Chaco War. By carefully juxtaposing alternate narrative voices, Roa Bastos creates a tension that signals the…

Manuel Rojas: , Born Guilty), an autobiographical novel with existential preoccupations. The use of interior monologue, flashbacks, and stream of consciousness foreshadowed some of the techniques later employed in the Latin American new novel. Hijo de ladrón was translated into the major European languages and established Rojas as…

Pedro Antonio de Alarcón y Ariza: …and poet when his play El hijo pródigo (“The Prodigal Son”) was hissed off the stage in 1857. The failure so exasperated him that he enlisted as a volunteer in the Moroccan campaign of 1859–60. The expedition provided the material for his eyewitness account Diario de un testigo de la…

HIJOS, Argentine organization founded in 1995 to represent the children of persons who had been murdered, disappeared, or exiled by the country’s military dictatorship as part of its Dirty War (1976–83) against leftist activists, politicians, and intellectuals. Its main objectives are to explain to

HIJOS, Argentine organization founded in 1995 to represent the children of persons who had been murdered, disappeared, or exiled by the country’s military dictatorship as part of its Dirty War (1976–83) against leftist activists, politicians, and intellectuals. Its main objectives are to explain to

history of Arabia: Prehistory and archaeology: …Dedān (now Al-ʿUlā), Al-Ḥijr (now Madāʾin Ṣāliḥ, barely six miles north of Dedān), and Taymāʾ to the northeast of the other two, have long been known but not fully explored. In south-central Arabia, near Al-Sulayyil, a town site at Qaryat Dhāt Kāhil (now Qaryat al-Fāw) has yielded rich results from…

Hijrah, the Prophet Muhammad’s migration (622 ce) from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina) upon invitation in order to escape persecution. After arriving, Muhammad negotiated the Constitution of Medina with the local clans, thereby establishing the Muslim community as a sociopolitical entity for the first

Hijrah, the Prophet Muhammad’s migration (622 ce) from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina) upon invitation in order to escape persecution. After arriving, Muhammad negotiated the Constitution of Medina with the local clans, thereby establishing the Muslim community as a sociopolitical entity for the first

Ikhwān: …settled in colonies known as hijrahs. These settlements, established around desert oases to promote agricultural reclamation of the land, further forced the Bedouin to abandon their nomadic way of life. The hijrahs, whose populations ranged from 10 to 10,000, offered tribesmen living quarters, mosques, schools, agricultural equipment and instruction, and…

Islamic calendar, dating system used in the Islamic world for religious purposes. (Most countries now use the Gregorian calendar for civil purposes.) It is based on a year of 12 months: Muḥarram, Ṣafar, Rabīʿ al-Awwal, Rabīʿ al-Thānī, Jumādā al-Awwal, Jumādā al-Thānī, Rajab, Shaʿbān, Ramaḍān (the

Oscar Hijuelos was an American novelist, the son of Cuban immigrants, whose writing chronicles the pre-Castro Cuban immigrant experience in the United States, particularly in New York City. Hijuelos attended City College of the City University of New York, where he received a B.A. in 1975 and an

Oscar Hijuelos was an American novelist, the son of Cuban immigrants, whose writing chronicles the pre-Castro Cuban immigrant experience in the United States, particularly in New York City. Hijuelos attended City College of the City University of New York, where he received a B.A. in 1975 and an

New Zealand: Early European settlement: A northern chief, Hongi Hika, amassed presents in England and exchanged them in Australia for muskets; back in New Zealand he waged devastating war on traditional enemies. The use of firearms spread southward; a series of tribal wars, spreading from north to south, displaced populations and disturbed landholdings,…

Southeast Asian arts: Malaysia and Indonesia: Romances, called hikayat, both in verse and in prose, also appeared—having as their source native myth and legend. Soon Malay, Balinese, Sundanese, and Madurese vernacular literatures emerged, all dealing with the same themes.

Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir: …in 1843, under the title Hikayat Abdullah (“Abdullah’s Story”), it was first published in 1849; it has been reprinted many times and translated into English and other languages. Its chief distinction—beyond the vivid picture it gives of his life and times—was the radical departure it marked in Malay literary style.…

heka, in ancient Egyptian religion, the personification of one of the attributes of the creator god Re-Atum; the term is usually translated as “magic,” or “magical power,” though its exact meaning pertains to cult practice as well. Heka was believed to accompany Re in his solar boat on its daily

Suppliants, drama by Euripides, performed about 423 bce. The title is also translated as The Suppliant Women. The individuals referred to in the title are the mothers and widows of the Argive leaders who have been killed while attacking Thebes under the leadership of Polyneices. The Thebans have

hikikomori, condition in which a person is socially avoidant to the point of staying isolated at home for at least six months without social interaction. The term hikikomori can also refer to a person who is experiencing this prolonged socially avoidant condition. Hikikomori was formally recognized

hiking, walking in nature as a recreational activity. Especially among those with sedentary occupations, hiking is a natural exercise that promotes physical fitness, is economical and convenient, and requires no special equipment. Because hikers can walk as far as they want, there is no physical

Xia Gui: Life: …the famous collective album called Hikkōen (“Garden Plowed by the Brush”) and another, unsigned, in the Tokyo National Museum—along with a signed, fan-shaped leaf in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts representing a sailing boat on a river during a storm, with houses and windswept trees on the shore—are widely…

Islam: Traditionalism and the new wisdom: …of philosophy called wisdom (ḥikmah). It consisted of a critical review of the philosophy of Avicenna, preserving its main external features (its logical, physical, and, in part, metaphysical structure, and its terminology) and introducing principles of explanation for the universe and its relation to God based on personal experience…

Bayt al-Hikmah, royal library maintained by the Abbasid caliphs during their reign in Baghdad. The foundation of Bayt al-Hikmah coincided with the rise of Baghdad as the capital of the Islamic world and the subsequent reception of Persian culture into the Arab court of the Abbasids. The site of

as-Suhrawardī: In his best-known work, Ḥikmat al-ishrāq (“The Wisdom of Illumination”), he said that essences are creations of the intellect, having no objective reality or existence. Concentrating on the concepts of being and non-being, he held that existence is a single continuum that culminates in a pure light that he…

Iraq: Independence, 1932–39: The first group, led by Ḥikmat Sulaymān, was a faction of old politicians who sought power by violent methods. The other was the Ahālī group, composed mainly of young men who advocated socialism and democracy and sought to carry out reform programs. It was Ḥikmat Sulaymān, however, who urged General…

Nazım Hikmet was a poet who was one of the most important and influential figures in 20th-century Turkish literature. The son of an Ottoman government official, Nazım Hikmet grew up in Anatolia; after briefly attending the Turkish naval academy, he studied economics and political science at the

Okada Beisanjin was a Japanese painter who worked in the bunjin-ga, or literati, style that originated in China and appealed to intellectuals. The son of a prosperous rice merchant, Okada enjoyed reading and was fond of the books of paintings that had been collected by his family for generations.

Hikone, city, eastern Shiga ken (prefecture), west-central Honshu, Japan. It lies on the eastern shore of Lake Biwa, about 35 miles (55 km) west-northwest of Nagoya. The city grew around the castle built by the Ii family between 1603 and 1622. Hikone is now a tourist centre, its visitors attracted

Maebara Issei was a Japanese soldier-politician who helped to establish the 1868 Meiji Restoration (which ended the feudal Tokugawa shogunate and reinstated direct rule of the emperor) and who became a major figure in the new government until 1876, when he led a short-lived revolt that cost him his

Native American dance: Mexico and Mesoamerica: The hikuli, or peyote dance, held in November, follows Huichol and Tarahumara pilgrimages for peyote. The dance of the Huichol is the more ecstatic. After consuming the trance-inducing peyote, men and women move in a counterclockwise progression, leaping jerkily and twisting their bodies.

Anatolia: The neo-Hittite states from c. 1180 to 700 bce: …Anatolia, among them Que and Hilakku, the mountainous region to the north of Que. Shalmaneser III made a serious effort to establish Assyrian control over that area; he led five expeditions against Que, one against Tabal, and another to Milid, where the tribute of Tabal was brought to him.

crescent, political, military, and religious emblem of the Byzantine and Turkish empires and, later and more generally, of all Islāmic countries. The Moon in its first quarter was a religious symbol from earliest times and figured, for example, in the worship of the Near Eastern goddess Astarte.

Arabic literature: The novel: …pages of his own journal, Al-Hilāl, to publish a series of novels that educated and entertained generations of readers by setting key events in Islamic history against local backgrounds.