Bryan Cranston: …his comedic turns to play Walter White. At the beginning of Breaking Bad, White is a nebbishy high-school chemistry teacher who, spurred by a cancer diagnosis, decides to produce methamphetamine to support his family. Cranston won raves for realistically portraying both the vulnerable White of the early episodes and the…

uncertainty principle, statement, articulated (1927) by the German physicist Werner Heisenberg, that the position and the velocity of an object cannot both be measured exactly, at the same time, even in theory. The very concepts of exact position and exact velocity together, in fact, have no

Werner Heisenberg was a German physicist and philosopher who discovered (1925) a way to formulate quantum mechanics in terms of matrices. For that discovery, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for 1932. In 1927 he published his uncertainty principle, upon which he built his philosophy and

Werner Heisenberg was a German physicist and philosopher who discovered (1925) a way to formulate quantum mechanics in terms of matrices. For that discovery, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for 1932. In 1927 he published his uncertainty principle, upon which he built his philosophy and

isostasy: The Heiskanen hypothesis, developed by Finnish geodesist Weikko Aleksanteri Heiskanen, is an intermediate, or compromise, hypothesis between Airy’s and Pratt’s. This hypothesis says that approximately two-thirds of the topography is compensated by the root formation (the Airy model) and one-third by Earth’s crust above the boundary…

isostasy: The Heiskanen hypothesis, developed by Finnish geodesist Weikko Aleksanteri Heiskanen, is an intermediate, or compromise, hypothesis between Airy’s and Pratt’s. This hypothesis says that approximately two-thirds of the topography is compensated by the root formation (the Airy model) and one-third by Earth’s crust above the boundary…

Stuart Heisler was an American director and editor whose career spanned the silent and sound eras. Heisler first worked in Hollywood as a prop man at Famous Players. By the early 1920s he was a film editor, working for various studios. Among his credits were Condemned (1929), The Kid from Spain

Heisman Trophy, award given annually to the most outstanding college football player in the United States as determined by a poll of sportswriters. The trophy was instituted in 1935 by the Downtown Athletic Club of New York City, and in 1936 it was named in honor of its first athletic director,

The Heisman Memorial Trophy has been awarded annually to the most outstanding U.S. college gridiron football player of the year in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) since 1935. However, the trophy has been given overwhelmingly to players at the running back and quarterback

John Heisman was an American collegiate gridiron football coach for 36 years and one of the greatest innovators of the game. He was responsible for legalizing the forward pass in 1906, and he originated the centre snap and the “hike,” or “hep,” count signals shouted by the quarterback in starting

John Heisman was an American collegiate gridiron football coach for 36 years and one of the greatest innovators of the game. He was responsible for legalizing the forward pass in 1906, and he originated the centre snap and the “hike,” or “hep,” count signals shouted by the quarterback in starting

Carol Heiss is an American figure skater who from 1956 through 1960 dominated women’s competition. (Read Scott Hamilton’s Britannica entry on figure skating.) Heiss began to skate at age six, and she won the world championships in 1956, a title she held for four more years. She also captured the

Carol Heiss is an American figure skater who from 1956 through 1960 dominated women’s competition. (Read Scott Hamilton’s Britannica entry on figure skating.) Heiss began to skate at age six, and she won the world championships in 1956, a title she held for four more years. She also captured the

Sam Rockwell: …apprentice thief in David Mamet’s Heist (2001). He then was cast in the leading role for George Clooney’s Confessions of a Dangerous Mind (2002), and he earned praise for his portrayal of offbeat game-show host Chuck Barris. After starring with Nicolas Cage in Ridley Scott’s Matchstick Men (2003), he took…

Otto Ludwig: …Heiteretei und ihr Widerspiel (1851; The Cheerful Ones and Their Opposites) and Zwischen Himmel und Erde (1855; Between Heaven and Earth). His Shakespeare-Studien (1891) showed him to be a discriminating critic, but his preoccupation with literary theory proved something of a hindrance to his success as a creative writer.

skaldic poetry: …their language was ornamented with heiti and kennings. Heiti (“names”) are uncompounded poetic nouns, fanciful art words rather than everyday terms; e.g., “brand” for “sword,” or “steed” for “horse.” Kennings are metaphorical circumlocutions such as “sword liquid” for “blood” or “wave-horse” for “ship.” Sometimes kennings are extremely indirect; for example,…

Heidi Heitkamp is an American Democratic politician who represented North Dakota in the U.S. Senate from 2013 to 2019. She was the first woman elected senator from the state. Heitkamp, who was one of seven siblings, grew up in the small town of Mantador, North Dakota. Her mother was a school

Heidi Heitkamp is an American Democratic politician who represented North Dakota in the U.S. Senate from 2013 to 2019. She was the first woman elected senator from the state. Heitkamp, who was one of seven siblings, grew up in the small town of Mantador, North Dakota. Her mother was a school

Western painting: Land art: Michael Heizer’s Double Negative (1969–70) involved the removal of thousands of tons of earth in order to produce two “cuts” that faced each other across the chasm of the Mormon Mesa in Nevada. Bulgarian-born artist Christo and Jeanne-Claude, his Moroccan-born wife, specialized throughout the 1960s…

Hejaz, region of western Saudi Arabia, along the mountainous Red Sea coast of the Arabian Peninsula from Jordan on the north to Asir region on the south. The northern part of the province was occupied as early as the 6th century bce, when the Chaldean kings of Babylon maintained Taymāʾ as a summer

Hejaz Railway, railroad between Damascus, Syria, and Medina (now in Saudi Arabia), one of the principal railroads of the Ottoman Turkish Empire. Its main line was constructed in 1900–08, ostensibly to facilitate pilgrimages to the Muslims’ holy places in Arabia but in fact also to strengthen

Hejaz Railway, railroad between Damascus, Syria, and Medina (now in Saudi Arabia), one of the principal railroads of the Ottoman Turkish Empire. Its main line was constructed in 1900–08, ostensibly to facilitate pilgrimages to the Muslims’ holy places in Arabia but in fact also to strengthen

Hijrah, the Prophet Muhammad’s migration (622 ce) from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina) upon invitation in order to escape persecution. After arriving, Muhammad negotiated the Constitution of Medina with the local clans, thereby establishing the Muslim community as a sociopolitical entity for the first

Joni Mitchell: Hejira, Mingus, and visual art pursuits: With Hejira (1976) and Don Juan’s Reckless Daughter (1977), she continued to disregard commercial considerations, while Mingus (1979) was considered by many as beyond the pale. An album that began as a collaboration with the jazz bassist Charles Mingus ended up as a treatment of his…

heka, in ancient Egyptian religion, the personification of one of the attributes of the creator god Re-Atum; the term is usually translated as “magic,” or “magical power,” though its exact meaning pertains to cult practice as well. Heka was believed to accompany Re in his solar boat on its daily

Hecuba, in Greek legend, the principal wife of the Trojan king Priam, mother of Hector, and daughter, according to some accounts, of the Phrygian king Dymas. When Troy was captured by the Greeks, Hecuba was taken prisoner. Her fate was told in various ways, most of which connected her with the

Diadochus Of Photice: …asceticism in his principal work, Hekaton Kephalaia Gnōstika (“The Hundred Chapters, or Maxims, of Knowledge”). Major themes in the work include man’s creation in the image of God, the restoration of fallen man by grace, free will, mastery of human passions, and mystical contemplation through love. “The Hundred Chapters” also…

Judaism: Early stages to the 6th century ce: …descriptions of the “dwellings” (hekhalot) located between the visible world and the ever-inaccessible Divinity, whose transcendence is paradoxically expressed by anthropomorphic descriptions consisting of inordinate hyperboles (Shiʿur qoma, “Divine Dimensions”). A few documents have been preserved that attest to the initiation of carefully chosen persons who were made to…

koan: …two major collections are the Pi-yen lu (Chinese: “Blue Cliff Records”; Japanese: Hekigan-roku), consisting of 100 koans selected and commented on by a Chinese priest, Yüan-wu, in 1125 on the basis of an earlier compilation; and the Wu-men kuan (Japanese: Mumon-kan), a collection of 48 koans compiled in 1228 by…

Hekinan, city, southwestern Aichi ken (prefecture), central Honshu, Japan. It is located at the mouth of the Yahagi River, facing the eastern side of Chita Bay on the Pacific Ocean. The city was formed in 1948 by the merger of the towns of Ohama, Shinkawa, and Tarao. During the Edo (Tokugawa)

Hekla, active volcano, southern Iceland, lying within the country’s East Volcanic Zone. It is Iceland’s most active and best-known volcano. The volcano is characterized by a 3.4-mile- (5.5-km-) long fissure called Heklugjá, which is active along its entire length during major eruptions. Lava flows

Heqet, in ancient Egyptian religion and mythology, a goddess who personified regeneration, rebirth, and fertility. Heqet was depicted in the form of a frog, as a frog-headed woman, or as a woman with the body of a frog. The worship of the frog was one of the oldest cults in Egypt. Frog gods and

ancient Greek civilization: Solon of ancient Greek civilization: …horoi were called “sixth-parters” (hektēmoroi) because they had to hand over one-sixth of their produce to the “few” or “the rich” to whom they were in some sense indebted. Solon’s change was retrospective as well as prospective: he brought back people from overseas slavery who no longer spoke the…

ancient Greek civilization: Solon of ancient Greek civilization: …horoi were called “sixth-parters” (hektēmoroi) because they had to hand over one-sixth of their produce to the “few” or “the rich” to whom they were in some sense indebted. Solon’s change was retrospective as well as prospective: he brought back people from overseas slavery who no longer spoke the…

Petar Hektorović was a poet and collector of Dalmatian songs, an important figure in the Ragusan (Dubrovnik) Renaissance in South Slavic literature. An aristocratic landowner, Hektorović was impressed by the Italian humanist adaptation of classical forms for vernacular literature. Although he wrote

Hel, in Norse mythology, originally the name of the world of the dead; it later came to mean the goddess of death. Hel was one of the children of the trickster god Loki, and her kingdom was said to lie downward and northward. It was called Niflheim, or the World of Darkness, and appears to have

HeLa cell, a cancerous cell belonging to a strain continuously cultured since its isolation in 1951 from a patient suffering from cervical carcinoma. The designation HeLa is derived from the name of the patient, Henrietta Lacks. HeLa cells were the first human cell line to be established and have

shore fly: …interesting species is the carnivorous petroleum fly (Helaeomyia petrolei), which lives and breeds in pools of crude petroleum and feeds on trapped insects. At one time, Indians in the western United States gathered the aquatic larvae of shore flies for food.

Sweden: Relief: …southernmost of which is on Helags Mountain (Helagsfjället), near the Norwegian border. At the region’s far northern edge, north of the Arctic Circle, are Sweden’s highest peaks: Mount Kebne (Kebnekaise), which is 6,926 feet (2,111 metres) in elevation, and Mount Sarek (Sarektjåkkå), which rises 6,854 feet (2,089 metres), in the…

Sweden: Relief: …southernmost of which is on Helags Mountain (Helagsfjället), near the Norwegian border. At the region’s far northern edge, north of the Arctic Circle, are Sweden’s highest peaks: Mount Kebne (Kebnekaise), which is 6,926 feet (2,111 metres) in elevation, and Mount Sarek (Sarektjåkkå), which rises 6,854 feet (2,089 metres), in the…

Ningxia: Land: …of the plain are the Helan Mountains. These mountains serve as a shelter against the sandstorms from the Tengger (Tengri) Desert, which lies to the west of the mountains.

bear: Evolution and classification: Genus Helarctos (sun bear) 1 species of Southeast Asia. Genus Melursus (sloth bear) 1 species of the Indian subcontinent. Genus

sun bear, (Helarctos malayanus), the smallest bear in the world, found in Southeast Asian forests. It weighs only 27–65 kg (59–143 pounds) and grows 1–1.2 metres (3.3–4 feet) long with a 5-cm (2-inch) tail. Its large forepaws bear long curved claws, which it uses for tearing or digging in its

Vienna porcelain: …many artists employed at Vienna, Jakobus Helchis (fl. 1740) was distinguished for cupids drawn delicately but strongly in a range of pink, mauve, and orange. The State period, until 1784, had Johann Josef Niedermayer, who produced porcelain figures of distinction from 1747 to 1784 as Modellmeister. In the period from…

basketball: Held ball: Called when two opponents have one or two hands so firmly upon the ball that neither can gain possession without undue roughness. It also is called when a player in the frontcourt is so closely guarded that he cannot pass or try for…

Friedrich Heinrich Karl de la Motte, Baron Fouqué: His dramatic trilogy, Der Held des Nordens (1808–10; “Hero of the North”), is the first modern dramatic treatment of the Nibelung story and a precedent for the later dramas of Friedrich Hebbel and the operas of Richard Wagner. His most lasting success, however, has been the story of…

Ouida: …novel, Granville de Vigne (renamed Held in Bondage, 1863), was first published serially in 1861–63. Her stirring narrative style and a refreshing lack of sermonizing caught the public’s fancy and made her books extraordinarily popular. Strathmore (1865) and Chandos (1866) were followed by Under Two Flags (1867). After traveling in…

Florenz Ziegfeld, Jr.: …promotion of a French beauty, Anna Held, with press releases about her milk baths brought her fame and set a pattern of star making through publicity. In 1907 he produced in New York City his first revue, The Follies of 1907, modeled on the Folies-Bergère of Paris but less risqué.…

antiglobalization: Definitions of globalization: scientists such as Anthony Giddens, David Held and colleagues, and Roland Robertson shows that they concentrate on quite similar aspects. Giddens portrayed globalization in 1990 as intensified worldwide social relations where local events are shaped by distant occurrences. Held and colleagues wrote in 1999 that globalization exemplifies interconnectedness of regions…

John Held, Jr. was a cartoonist whose work epitomized the “jazz age” of the 1920s in the United States. At the age of 16 he was drawing sports and political cartoons for the Salt Lake Tribune, and at 19 he sold his first cartoon to a national magazine. Shortly afterward he went to New York City,

perception: Information discrepancy: In work reported by Richard Held (Scientific American, November 1965), actively moving kittens developed visually guided movements normally. When each of these was yoked to a littermate that was pulled passively over the same path, the passive partner failed to develop normal perceptual function. Yet both kittens apparently received…

Ernst Zahn: …Bergvolk (1896; “Mountain Folk”) and Helden des Alltags (1906; “Weekday Heroes”), and the novels Albin Indergand (1901), Herrgottsfäden (1901; Golden Threads), Frau Sixta (1926), and Die grosse Lehre (1943; “The Large Lesson”). Zahn’s Was das Leben zerbricht (1912; “What Life Breaks”) is about the middle-class society of Zürich.

Christian Hofmann von Hofmannswaldau: His most characteristic work is Heldenbriefe (1663; “Heroes’ Letters”), a collection of prose and verse love letters giving full rein to his lascivious, extravagant style. He also published another collection of verse, Grabschriften (1643; “Epitaphs”), and Deutsche Übersetzungen und Gedichte (1673; “German Translations and Poetry”); his translations include Guarini’s famous…

Das Heldenbuch, collection of German metrical romances of the 13th century. The individual poems deal with heroic themes of the struggles and conquests of the Germanic tribes during the great migrations. The poems of the Heldenbuch belong to two cycles. One group deals with the Ostrogothic sagas of

Richard Strauss: Life: …Quixote and Ein Heldenleben (A Hero’s Life). In 1904 he and Pauline, who was the foremost exponent of his songs, toured the United States, where in New York City he conducted the first performance of his Symphonia Domestica (Domestic Symphony). The following year, in Dresden, he enjoyed his first…

Heldenlieder, body of short, poignant poetic songs celebrating dramatic, and usually tragic, episodes in the lives of the Germanic heroes. Other themes concerned pagan religious ritual, battle songs, and laments for the dead. The heroic lay originated c. 375–500, during the period of the great

Henriëtte Goverdina Anna Roland Holst-van der Schalk: …Communism in her poems in Heldensage (1927; “Heroic Saga”). She withdrew from active politics but in her later work remained loyal to her ideals, and her pacifist and anticolonial sentiment attracted much attention. She also wrote biographies of such figures as Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1912), Leo Tolstoy (1930), Romain Rolland (1946),…

Den Helder, gemeente (municipality) and port, northwestern Netherlands, at the northern end of the North Holland Canal, opposite Texel Island on the Marsdiep, a channel linking the North Sea and Waddenzee. Offshore, in 1673, a Dutch fleet under Adm. Michiel A. de Ruyter and Cornelis Tromp defeated

Sarah Helen Whitman was an American poet and essayist, noted for her literary criticism and perhaps best remembered for her alliance with and scholarly defense of Edgar Allan Poe. Sarah Power from an early age was an avid reader of novels and of poetry, especially that of Lord Byron. In 1828 she

Helen, play by Euripides, performed in 412 bce. In this frankly light work, Euripides deflates one of the best-known legends of Greek mythology, that Helen ran off adulterously with Paris to Troy. In Euripides’ version, only a phantom Helen goes with Paris, and the real woman pines faithfully in

Helen Keller International (HKI), one of the oldest international nonprofit organizations working to prevent blindness and fight malnutrition. Headquarters are in New York City. In 1915 the American merchant George Kessler and his wife, Cora Parsons Kessler, organized in Paris the British, French,

Isabella Macdonald Alden: Her first novel, Helen Lester, appeared in 1866 after a friend submitted it without her knowledge to a competition for a book explaining the scheme of Christian salvation to children. In that same year she married the Reverend Gustavus R. Alden, with whom she traveled to a succession…

science fiction: Alien encounters: …del Rey’s short story “Helen O’Loy” (1938). Helen was not the first female robot—her famous predecessor is the sinister celluloid robot Maria from the aforementioned film Metropolis (1927). Helen, by contrast, somehow establishes her womanhood by marrying her inventor and then sacrificing her own mechanical life upon her husband’s…

Robert Wise: Films of the 1950s: Helen of Troy (1956) is notable only for an early appearance by French actress Brigitte Bardot. This Could Be the Night and Until They Sail (both 1957) starred Jean Simmons in a comedy and a drama, respectively. More interesting were the western Tribute to a…

John Cale: Solo career: [1974], Slow Dazzle [1975], and Helen of Troy [1975]), and classical music–influenced instrumental work (The Academy in Peril [1972] and Church of Anthrax [1971]). He also produced seminal albums by influential proto-punk musicians, including Horses (1975) by Patti Smith and self-titled debut albums by the Stooges (1969) and the

Helen of Troy, in Greek legend, the most beautiful woman of Greece and the indirect cause of the Trojan War. She was daughter of Zeus, either by Leda or by Nemesis, and sister of the Dioscuri. As a young girl, she was carried off by Theseus, but she was rescued by her brothers. She was also the

Helen of Troy, in Greek legend, the most beautiful woman of Greece and the indirect cause of the Trojan War. She was daughter of Zeus, either by Leda or by Nemesis, and sister of the Dioscuri. As a young girl, she was carried off by Theseus, but she was rescued by her brothers. She was also the

Michel Fokine: …his last ballet, a comedy, Helen of Troy, for the American Ballet Theatre shortly before his death. It was completed by David Lichine and was premiered at Mexico City on Sept. 10, 1942. His wife, the dancer Vera Fokina, who had performed in many of his ballets, survived him until…

Helen Caldicott: …the subject of the documentary Helen’s War: Portrait of a Dissident (2004), which was made by Anna Broinowski, her niece.

St. Helena ; Western feast day August 18; Eastern feast day [with Constantine] May 21) was a Roman empress who was the reputed discoverer of Christ’s cross. (See also True Cross.) Helena was married to the Roman emperor Constantius I Chlorus, who renounced her for political reasons. When her son

Evelyn Waugh: ) Helena, published in 1950, is a novel about the mother of Constantine the Great, in which Waugh re-created one moment in Christian history to assert a particular theological point. In a trilogy—Men at Arms (1952), Officers and Gentlemen (1955), and Unconditional Surrender (1961)—he analyzed the…

Helena, city and capital of Montana, U.S., seat (1867) of Lewis and Clark county. The city is situated near the Missouri River, at the eastern foot of the Continental Divide (elevation 3,955 feet [1,205 metres]), in Prickly Pear Valley, a fertile region surrounded by rolling hills and lofty

Adiabene: …embraced Judaism; the queen mother Helena (d. ad 50), famous for her generosity to the Jews and the Temple, and her sons Monobazus II and Izates II were buried in the Tombs of the Kings at Jerusalem. Adiabene was frequently attacked by the Romans during their campaigns against the Parthians.

Helena, city, seat (1830) of Phillips county, eastern Arkansas, U.S., port of the Mississippi River, about 50 miles (80 km) southwest of Memphis, Tennessee, and adjacent to the city of West Helena. The community, originally settled in 1797 and first called Monticello and then St. Francis, grew

Zhu Youlang: …fighting, the empress dowager, baptized Helena, sent a letter to Pope Innocent X asking for his prayers for the Ming cause. By the time the Vatican’s reply arrived several years later, Zhu and Helena were dead.

A Midsummer Night’s Dream: Hoping to win Demetrius’s favour, Helena tells him their whereabouts and follows him to the forest, where he goes in search of Hermia. The forest is also full of fairies who have come for the duke’s wedding. Oberon, the king of the fairies, quarrels with his queen, Titania, and bids…

Helena Rubinstein: She founded Helena Rubinstein, Inc., a leading manufacturer and distributor of women’s cosmetics.

St. Helena ; Western feast day August 18; Eastern feast day [with Constantine] May 21) was a Roman empress who was the reputed discoverer of Christ’s cross. (See also True Cross.) Helena was married to the Roman emperor Constantius I Chlorus, who renounced her for political reasons. When her son

Helen, play by Euripides, performed in 412 bce. In this frankly light work, Euripides deflates one of the best-known legends of Greek mythology, that Helen ran off adulterously with Paris to Troy. In Euripides’ version, only a phantom Helen goes with Paris, and the real woman pines faithfully in

Helen of Troy, in Greek legend, the most beautiful woman of Greece and the indirect cause of the Trojan War. She was daughter of Zeus, either by Leda or by Nemesis, and sister of the Dioscuri. As a young girl, she was carried off by Theseus, but she was rescued by her brothers. She was also the

Dione: …by two much smaller moons, Helene and Polydeuces (also named for Greek mythological figures). Helene, which has a diameter of about 30 km (20 miles), maintains a gravitationally stable position 60° ahead of Dione. Polydeuces has less than half the diameter of Helene and follows Dione by 60°, though with…

Helene Mayer, a talented fencer whose father was Jewish, was selected to represent Germany at the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin only after considerable political wrangling. The International Olympic Committee insisted that a Jewish athlete be placed on the German team as proof that Jews were not

sneezeweed, any of about 40 species of tall herbs constituting the genus Helenium of the family Asteraceae, native to North America. Most are perennials with flat-topped clusters of yellow, brown, or red flower heads and leaves that alternate along the stem. Summer- or fall-blooming species are

Helenus, in Greek legend, son of King Priam of Troy and his wife Hecuba, brother of Hector, and twin brother of the prophetess Cassandra. According to Homer he was a seer and warrior. After the death of Paris in the Trojan War, Helenus paid suit to Helen but when she rejected him for his brother,

frog and toad: Annotated classification: Family Heleophrynidae No fossil record; 8 presacral vertebrae with cartilaginous intervertebral joints and a persistent notochord; larvae with large mouths lacking beaks; South Africa; 1 genus, 4 species; adult length 3.5–6.5 cm (1–3 inches). Family Hylidae (tree frogs) Miocene (23 million–5.3 million

Milky Way Galaxy: Principal population types: In 1959 H. Lawrence Helfer, George Wallerstein, and Jesse L. Greenstein of the United States showed that the giant stars in globular clusters have chemical abundances quite different from those of Population I stars such as typified by the Sun. Population II stars have considerably lower abundances…

David Helfgott is an Australian pianist who was a child prodigy but later experienced mental illness to the point that it affected his ability to perform. After a period in psychiatric hospitals, he returned to music and gained popular acclaim. Helfgott’s life was dramatized in the 1996 film Shine,

Conrad Emil Lambert Helfrich was a Dutch admiral who during World War II commanded the ABDA (American, British, Dutch, and Australian) naval fleet in its unsuccessful attempt to protect the Dutch East Indies from Japanese attack. Between 1942 and 1944 he headed the Dutch armed forces in the

Andrew Wyeth: …show of his so-called “Helga pictures,” organized by the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., was also very popular, as was a 2006 retrospective at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. In 1990 he became the first artist to be awarded the Congressional Gold Medal, and in 2007 he…

St. Olga ; feast day July 11) was the princess who was the first recorded female ruler of the Rus and the first member of the ruling family of Kyivan Rus to adopt Christianity. She was canonized as the first Kyivan saint of the Orthodox Church and is the patron saint of widows and converts. Olga

Icelandic literature: Poetry: …by Tómas Guðmundsson and by Jón Helgason. Steinn Steinarr (Aðalsteinn Kristmundsson), who was deeply influenced by Surrealism, experimented with abstract styles and spearheaded modernism in Icelandic poetry with his collection Ljóð (1937; “Poems”).

Helgaud was a French Benedictine monk at the abbey of Fleury-sur-Loire whose major work, Epitoma vitae Roberti regis, is an artless, historically unreliable biography of the French king Robert II the Pious. Exhibiting more adulation than knowledge of the King, Helgaud related how Robert cured blind

Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger: …of his most outstanding works, Helge (1814). Helge came to inspire both Swedish and Finnish national epic poems, by Esaias Tegnér (Frithiofs saga, 1825) and Johan Ludvig Runeberg (Kung Fjalar, 1844), respectively. His lyric poetry has in general outlived his dramatic verse. Oehlenschläger’s other significant later work is the poetic…

Gamla Stan: It consists of Stads Island, Helgeands Island, and Riddar Island. Most of the buildings in this area date from the 16th and 17th centuries and are legally protected from renovation. Stads Island contains the Royal Palace; Storkyrkan, also called the Cathedral, or Church, of St. Nicolas; the German Church; the…

Paul Helgesen was a Danish Humanist and champion of Scandinavian Roman Catholicism who opposed the Lutheran Reformation in Denmark. The author of several works against Scandinavian Reformers, he also translated works by the Dutch Humanist Erasmus and wrote the Skiby chronicle, a discussion of

Helgoland, island, Schleswig-Holstein Land (state), northwestern Germany. It lies in the German Bay (Deutsche Bucht) of the North Sea, in the angle between the coast of Schleswig-Holstein and the estuaries of the Jade, Weser, and Elbe rivers, 40 miles (65 km) offshore northwest of Cuxhaven. The

naval warfare: The age of steam and big gun: …battles in the North Sea: Helgoland Bight (August 28, 1914), Dogger Bank (January 24, 1915), and Jutland itself.

Zanzibar Treaty, (July 1, 1890), arrangement between Great Britain and Germany that defined their respective spheres of influence in eastern Africa and established German control of Helgoland, a North Sea island held by the British since 1814. The treaty was symptomatic of Germany’s desire for a

gulf: Factors that affect the characteristics of gulfs: …occur at the heads of Helgoländer Bay in the North Sea and in the Gulf of Finland.

Greek law: …great political importance, the whole hēliaia (i.e., the popular assembly organized as a court of 6,001 men) was convened. Normally sections of the hēliaia (specifically called dikastēria), composed of 1,501, 1,001, or 501 men in criminal cases and 201 men in civil cases, were charged with the decision.