Middlebury College: …honorary degree to black clergyman Lemuel Haynes. Women were first admitted in 1883.

New England Patriots: …future Hall of Fame cornerback Mike Haynes, and quarterback Steve Grogan, the Patriots experienced sporadic success in the 1970s and ’80s. They advanced to their first Super Bowl in 1986 but lost to a dominant Chicago Bears team, 46–10. Businessman Robert Kraft acquired the Patriots in 1994, paying $172 million,…

Todd Haynes is an American screenwriter and director known for films that examine fame, sexuality, and the lives of people on the periphery of mainstream society. His notable movies include Safe (1995), Velvet Goldmine (1998), Far from Heaven (2002), I’m Not There (2007), Carol (2015), and May

Grateful Dead: former Allman Brothers Band guitarist Warren Haynes to the lineup the following year. Personality conflicts surfaced during the 2004 tour season, however, and a four-year hiatus for the band followed. The Dead reunited in 2008 to headline a fund-raiser for the presidential campaign of Barack Obama, and the success of…

Elwood Haynes: …Elmer Apperson, Haynes formed the Haynes–Apperson Company, Kokomo, and began producing automobiles in 1898. Haynes and the Appersons split up in 1902, and three years later the company name was changed to Haynes Automobile Company. It ceased operations in 1925.

Johnson City, city, Washington county, northeastern Tennessee, U.S. It lies in a valley in the southern Appalachian Mountains, about 100 miles (160 km) northeast of Knoxville and just west of Elizabethton. The area was settled in the 1760s. Originally a part of North Carolina, it was included in

shale gas: Shale gas resources of the United States: …mainly in Oklahoma; and the Haynesville Shale, straddling the Texas-Louisiana state line. The Barnett Shale was the proving ground of horizontal drilling and fracking starting in the 1990s; more than 10,000 wells have been drilled in that basin. Other shale basins are found in some Rocky Mountains and Great Plains…

golf: The Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA): Mickey Wright, Carol Mann, Sandra Haynie, and Sandra Palmer helped maintain a reasonable level of popularity for the LPGA throughout the 1960s. Star players who emerged during the following decade include Jan Stephenson, Jo-Anne Carner, Amy Alcott, and Judy Rankin. The most notable player to emerge during the ’70s…

Armenian, member of a people with an ancient culture who originally lived in the region known as Armenia, which comprised what are now northeastern Turkey and the Republic of Armenia. Although some remain in Turkey, more than three million Armenians live in the republic; large numbers also live in

Hays, city, seat (1867) of Ellis county, central Kansas, U.S. It lies on Big Creek. The city was founded in 1867 after the establishment of Fort Hays (a frontier post built as Fort Fletcher in 1865). In 1876 Volga Germans settled the area on land ceded by the Kansas Pacific Railroad. The fort was

Hays Office, American organization that promulgated a moral code for films. In 1922, after a number of scandals involving Hollywood personalities, film industry leaders formed the organization to counteract the threat of government censorship and to create favourable publicity for the industry.

Bride of Frankenstein: …came under fire from the Hays Office of film standards, which insisted on a less-revealing costume for the mate, a reduction in the number of murders depicted, and the removal of a scene in which the monster attempts to “rescue” a figure of Christ on a cross. Censors in other…

Arthur Garfield Hays was an American lawyer who defended, usually without charge, persons accused in many prominent civil-liberties cases in the 1920s. Educated at Columbia University (B.A., 1902; M.A. and LL.B., 1905), Hays was admitted to the New York bar. In 1914–15 he practiced international

Pete Seeger: …formed another group, the Weavers—with Lee Hays, Ronnie Gilbert, and Fred Hellerman—which achieved considerable success on college campuses, in concert, and on several records. Shortly after the group achieved national fame, however, a great deal of controversy was stirred up concerning Seeger’s previous activities in left-wing and labor politics, and…

Molly Pitcher was a heroine of the Battle of Monmouth during the American Revolution. According to legend, at the Battle of Monmouth (June 28, 1778), Mary Hays, wife of artilleryman William Hays, carried water to cool both the cannon and the soldiers in her husband’s battery—hence the nickname

Paul R. Hays was an American judge best known for his participation in the tribunal that ruled on the Pentagon Papers case (1971). While studying at Columbia University (B.A., 1925; M.A., 1927; LL.B., 1933), Hays was an instructor (1926–32) there in Latin and Greek. After briefly working with the

Will H. Hays was a prominent American political figure who was president of the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America (MPPDA, later called the Motion Picture Association of America) from 1922 to 1945. Because of his pervasive influence on the censorship office of the association, it

Will H. Hays was a prominent American political figure who was president of the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America (MPPDA, later called the Motion Picture Association of America) from 1922 to 1945. Because of his pervasive influence on the censorship office of the association, it

pepino hill, conical hill of residual limestone in a deeply eroded karst region. Pepino hills generally form on relatively flat-lying limestones that are jointed in large rectangles. In an alternating wet and dry climate, high areas become increasingly hard and resistant while low areas are

Venus: Observations from Earth: …desert of southern California, and Haystack Observatory in Massachusetts. The first successful radar observations of Venus took place at Goldstone and Haystack in 1961 and revealed the planet’s slow rotation. Subsequent observations determined the rotation properties more precisely and began to unveil some of the major features on the planet’s…

Claude Monet: Last years of Claude Monet: …specific weather effects of the stacks of wheat and cathedral series.

Stanley William Hayter was an English printmaker and painter who founded Atelier 17, the most influential print workshop of the 20th century. Hayter was trained in geology at King’s College, London University, and initially regarded art as an avocation. While he was working in the Middle East as a

Oman: Sultanate of Haitham bin Tariq: The next day, his cousin Haitham bin Tariq (Haytham ibn Ṭāriq) was named his successor. Haitham had served in a prominent role in Qaboos’s cabinet, especially in a diplomatic capacity and in national development planning. As such, his appointment represented the continuity of Qaboos’s policies, and he affirmed in his…

Hayton was the king of Little Armenia, now in Turkey, from 1224 to 1269. The account of his travels in western and central Asia, written by Kirakos Gandzaketsi, a member of his suite, gives one of the earliest and most comprehensive accounts of Mongolian geography and ethnology. Throughout his

Lena Horne: She was married to Lennie Hayton from 1947 until his death in 1971. Her one-woman show, Lena Horne: The Lady and Her Music (1981), garnered many awards, including a Drama Critics’ Circle Award and a special achievement Tony Award. In 1984 Horne received a Kennedy Center honour for lifetime…

Hayward, city, seat (1885) of Sawyer county, northwestern Wisconsin, U.S. It lies on the Namekagon River, in a lake region west of Chequamegon National Forest, about 75 miles (120 km) southeast of Superior. Ojibwa Indians occupied the area when French Canadian fur traders established posts there in

Hayward, city, Alameda county, California, U.S. Located 25 miles (40 km) southeast of San Francisco and 15 miles (25 km) south of Oakland, Hayward lies at the eastern terminus of the San Mateo–Hayward Bridge across San Francisco Bay. The city is named for William Hayward, a disappointed gold seeker

California: Relief: The Hayward Fault in the San Francisco Bay Area and the San Gabriel fault zone in metropolitan Los Angeles have produced several major earthquakes, though the destructive quake centred in the Los Angeles suburb of Northridge in 1994 occurred along one of the San Andreas’s larger…

London: Exhibition spaces: …art shows are the aforementioned Hayward Gallery on the South Bank, a sculptural concrete box of 1960s vintage, and the neoclassical Royal Academy of Arts in Burlington House on Piccadilly. The leading commercial galleries are concentrated in the West End of London around the epicenter of Bond Street. Specialist and…

the Moody Blues: Later members included Justin Hayward (in full David Justin Hayward; b. October 14, 1946, Swindon, Wiltshire, England), John Lodge (b. July 20, 1945, Birmingham), and Patrick Moraz (b. June 24, 1948, Morges, Switzerland).

Boston Celtics: …and also signed All-Star forward Gordon Hayward. Both players were limited by significant injuries during the regular season, but the remaining young Celtics core outperformed expectations, leading Boston to the second best record in the Eastern Conference and on an unexpectedly long playoff run that ended in a seven-game conference…

the Moody Blues: Later members included Justin Hayward (in full David Justin Hayward; b. October 14, 1946, Swindon, Wiltshire, England), John Lodge (b. July 20, 1945, Birmingham), and Patrick Moraz (b. June 24, 1948, Morges, Switzerland).

Ida Lupino: Directing: … (her first husband was actor Louis Hayward), Lupino founded a production company in 1949 and began writing scripts, tackling such controversial topics as rape, illegitimacy, and bigamy. Their first project was the unwed-mother drama Not Wanted (1949), which Lupino produced and coscripted with Paul Jarrico. Director Elmer Clifton fell ill…

Charles Goodyear: …few years he worked with Nathaniel M. Hayward (1808–65), a former employee of a rubber factory in Roxbury, Mass., who had discovered that rubber treated with sulfur was not sticky. Goodyear bought Hayward’s process. In 1839 he accidentally dropped some India rubber mixed with sulfur on a hot stove and…

Susan Hayward was an American film actress who was a popular star during the 1940s and ’50s known for playing courageous women fighting to overcome adversity. Marrener grew up in a working-class family. Following her graduation from Girls’ Commercial High School, she began working as a

Deepwater Horizon oil spill: Aftermath and impact: …emergence of BP chief executive Tony Hayward as the public face of the oil giant further inflamed public sentiment against the embattled company. The Englishman—who at one point remarked, “I’d like my life back”—was derided for his alternately flippant and obfuscating responses in media interviews and while testifying before the…

Harlem Hellfighters: Origins: Charles Whitman appointed William Hayward, his former campaign manager, to serve as its commanding officer. Hayward had been a colonel in the Nebraska National Guard, and he, like most of the field-grade officers in the unit, was white.

Antonio Banderas: …appeared in supporting roles in Haywire (2011), a spy film directed by Steven Soderbergh; the romantic comedy Ruby Sparks (2012); and Machete Kills (2013), an over-the-top action thriller. In The 33 (2015), which was based on a true event, Banderas played a worker who

Anna Julia Cooper was an American educator and writer whose book A Voice From the South by a Black Woman of the South (1892) became a classic African American feminist text. Cooper was the daughter of a slave woman and her white slaveholder (or his brother). In 1868 she enrolled in the newly

Bill Haywood was an American radical who led the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW, or “Wobblies”) in the early decades of the 20th century. A miner at the age of 15, Haywood became active in the Western Federation of Miners and was elected its secretary treasurer. At the founding convention of

Eliza Haywood was a prolific English writer of sensational romantic novels that mirrored contemporary 18th-century scandals. Haywood mentions her marriage in her writings, though little is known about it. She supported herself by writing, acting, and adapting works for the theatre. She then turned

Spencer Haywood is an American professional basketball player whose lawsuit forced the National Basketball Association (NBA) to end its requirement that a player be out of high school for four years to be eligible to compete in the league. Haywood won an NBA championship with the Los Angeles Lakers

Bill Haywood was an American radical who led the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW, or “Wobblies”) in the early decades of the 20th century. A miner at the age of 15, Haywood became active in the Western Federation of Miners and was elected its secretary treasurer. At the founding convention of

Rita Hayworth was an American film actress and dancer who rose to glamorous stardom in the 1940s and ’50s. Hayworth was the daughter of Spanish-born dancer Eduardo Cansino and his partner, Volga Hayworth, and, as a child, she performed in her parents’ nightclub act. While still a teenager, she

Ibn Ṭufayl: …who is known for his Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān (c. 1175; Eng. trans. by L.E. Goodman, Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓan by Ibn Ṭufayl, 1972), a philosophical romance in which he describes the self-education and gradual philosophical development of a man who passes the first 50 years of his life in complete isolation…

Ibn Ṭufayl: …who is known for his Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān (c. 1175; Eng. trans. by L.E. Goodman, Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓan by Ibn Ṭufayl, 1972), a philosophical romance in which he describes the self-education and gradual philosophical development of a man who passes the first 50 years of his life in complete isolation…

Elijah ben Solomon: Among them was Ḥayyim ben Issac, who went on to found the great yeshiva (Talmudic academy) at Volozhin (now Valozhyn, Belarus), which trained several generations of scholars, rabbis, and leaders. Elijah’s writings were published posthumously and include commentaries and numerous annotations on the Bible, Talmud, Midrash, and other…

Hebrew literature: The golden age in Spain, 900–1200: Judah Hayyuj, a disciple of Menahem ben Saruk, recast Hebrew grammar, and, in the form given to it by David Kimhi of Narbonne (died c. 1235), the new system was taken over by the Christian humanists and through them by modern scholarship. The first complete…

Ibn al-Haytham: Major works: …most famous astronomical work is Hayʾat al-ʿālam (“On the Configuration of the World”), in which he presents a nontechnical description of how the abstract mathematical models of Ptolemy’s Almagest can be understood according to the natural philosophy of his time. While this early work implicitly accepts Ptolemy’s models, a later…

Syria: Turning point in the war: …most rogue groups, such as Hayʾat Taḥrīr al-Shām (HTS), seemed to signal their compliance before the deadline. Heavy weaponry was removed from the buffer zone, but some fighters from the rogue groups reportedly remained past the deadline.

Gaspar Núñez de Arce: …best play being the historical El haz de leña (1872; “The Bundle of Kindling”), on the imprisonment of Don Carlos, but he attained celebrity with Gritos del combate (1875; “Cries of Combat”)—a volume of verse that tried to give poetic utterance to religious questionings and the current political problems of…

Ferenc Deák was a Hungarian statesman whose negotiations led to the establishment of the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary in 1867. Deák was the son of a wealthy Hungarian landowner. After graduating in law, he entered the administrative service of his county of Zala, which in 1833 sent him to

Ofra Haza was an Israeli singer and pop star known for blending traditional Yemeni and Jewish folk elements with current pop music trends. Known as the “Madonna of the East,” Haza represented Israel in the 1983 Eurovision Song Contest and maintained her national and international celebrity presence

Murshidabad: Of historic interest are Nizamat Kila, also called the Hazaarduari Palace (Palace of a Thousand Doors), built in the Italianate style in 1837; Pearl Lake (Moti Jhil) just to the south, with Muradbagh Palace; and Khushbagh Cemetery, containing the tombs of ʿAlī Vardī Khan, the last great nawab, and…

Hazael was a king of Damascus, whose history is given at length in the Bible, II Kings 8–13. Hazael became king after the death of Ben-hadad I, under whom he was probably a court official. Ben-hadad, who was ill, sent Hazael to the prophet Elisha to inquire concerning his chances of recovery.

cantor, in Judaism and Christianity, an ecclesiastical official in charge of music or chants. In Judaism the cantor, or ḥazzan, directs liturgical prayer in the synagogue and leads the chanting. He may be engaged by a congregation to serve for an entire year or merely to assist at the ceremonies of

The Artist: Writer and director Michel Hazanavicius won praise for his meticulous evocation of silent movies of the classical era. The Artist debuted at the Cannes festival, where it was nominated for the Palm d’Or and Dujardin won the award for best actor (and Uggie, the dog, was given an…

short story: Proliferation of forms: …was a medieval Persian collection, Hazār afsāna (“Thousand Romances,” no longer extant). In both the Persian and Arabian versions of the frame, the clever Scheherazade avoids death by telling her king-husband a thousand stories. Though the framing device is identical in both versions, the original Persian stories within the frame…

Tigris-Euphrates river system: Physiography of the Tigris: The Tigris, rising in Lake Hazar (a small mountain lake southeast of Elazığ) and fed by a number of small tributaries, drains a wide area of eastern Turkey. After flowing beneath the massive basalt walls that surround Diyarbakır, it forms the border between Turkey and Syria below Cizre, and it…

Hazara, ethnolinguistic group originally from the mountainous region of central Afghanistan, known as Hazārajāt. Poverty in the region and ongoing conflict since the Afghan War (1978–92) have dispersed many of the Hazara throughout Afghanistan. Significant communities of Hazara also exist in Iran

Afghanistan: Ethnic groups: The mountainous region of Ḥazārajāt occupies the central part of the country and is inhabited principally by the Ḥazāra. Because of the scarcity of land, however, many have migrated to other parts of the country. Although Ḥazārajāt is located in the heart of the country, its high mountains and…

hazard, dice game dating at least to the 13th century and possibly of Arabic origin: the word hazard derives from the Arabic al-zahr (“die”). It was immensely popular in medieval Europe and was played for high stakes in English gambling rooms. The name of the popular American dice game of craps

George Marshall: Films of the 1940s: Hazard (1948) was a minor romantic comedy starring Goddard as a gambler who agrees to marry in order to clear her debt but then changes her mind. In Tap Roots (1948), a Civil War drama set in Mississippi, Susan Hayward starred as an abolitionist’s daughter,…

insurance: Underwriting principles: …adverse selection by analyzing the hazards that surround the risk. Three basic types of hazards have been identified as moral, psychological, and physical. A moral hazard exists when the applicant may either want an outright loss to occur or may have a tendency to be less than careful with property.…

Hazard, city, seat of Perry county, southeastern Kentucky, U.S. It lies on the North Fork Kentucky River in the Cumberland foothills just east of Daniel Boone National Forest (Redbird Purchase Unit), 118 miles (190 km) southeast of Lexington. Founded in 1821, it was originally named for the

meat processing: Prevention of microbial contamination: …utilize a program called the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system to reduce pathogenic contamination. This program identifies the steps in the conversion of livestock to human food where the product is at risk of contamination by microorganisms. Once identified, these points, known as critical control points, are…

David Cox: …dies is known as the hazard function. In the Cox proportional hazards model, which was introduced in 1972, Cox proposed a hazard function that was separated into time-dependent and time-independent parts. The analysis of medical data was greatly eased by the separation of inputs that depend on time from those…

William Dean Howells: …pro-labour Annie Kilburn (1888) and A Hazard of New Fortunes (1890), generally considered his finest work, which dramatizes the teeming, competitive life of New York, where a representative group of characters try to establish a magazine.

Paul Hazard was a French educator, historian of ideas, and scholar of comparative literature. Hazard studied at the École Normale Supérieure (“Superior Normal School”) in Paris and took a doctorate at the Sorbonne in 1910. He taught comparative literature at the University of Lyon until 1919, when

Paul Hazard was a French educator, historian of ideas, and scholar of comparative literature. Hazard studied at the École Normale Supérieure (“Superior Normal School”) in Paris and took a doctorate at the Sorbonne in 1910. He taught comparative literature at the University of Lyon until 1919, when

carriage of goods: Dangerous goods: Dangerous goods are those that, from their nature, are liable to cause damage to persons, to means of transport, or to other goods. In all legal systems, the carriage of dangerous goods has given rise to distinct problems and to the development of…

Veszprém: …a torrent of hazardous chemical waste rushing through the countryside, taking the lives of four people, injuring dozens of others, and resulting in what Hungary’s Prime Minister Viktor Orbán called an “ecological tragedy.”

hazardous-waste management, the collection, treatment, and disposal of waste material that, when improperly handled, can cause substantial harm to human health and safety or to the environment. Hazardous wastes can take the form of solids, liquids, sludges, or contained gases, and they are

The Decemberists: …band’s uninterrupted hour-long rock opera The Hazards of Love debuted at number 14 on the Billboard album charts. The group’s follow-up, The King Is Dead (2011), marked The Decemberists’ return to both an independent label and the rustic folk-influenced sound of their earliest work, and it reached number one on…

Anna Hazare is an Indian social activist who led movements to promote rural development, increase government transparency, and investigate and punish official corruption. In addition to organizing and encouraging grassroots movements, Hazare frequently conducted hunger strikes to further his

Anna Hazare is an Indian social activist who led movements to promote rural development, increase government transparency, and investigate and punish official corruption. In addition to organizing and encouraging grassroots movements, Hazare frequently conducted hunger strikes to further his

Judah ha-Levi: …Zion, and the Sefer ha-Kuzari (“Book of the Khazar”), presenting his philosophy of Judaism in dialogue form.

Hazaribag, city, central Jharkhand state, northeastern India. It is situated on the Hazaribag Plateau (a section of the Chota Nagpur), about 45 miles (72 km) north of Ranchi, the state capital. Hazaribag was constituted a municipality in 1869. The city is an agricultural trade centre located at a

Hazaribag Wildlife Sanctuary, national park, north-central Jharkhand state, northeastern India. The sanctuary is situated on a hilly plateau at an average elevation of 2,000 feet (600 metres), about 55 miles (90 km) north of Ranchi, the state capital. Established in 1955, it covers an area of 71

Hazaribag Wildlife Sanctuary, national park, north-central Jharkhand state, northeastern India. The sanctuary is situated on a hilly plateau at an average elevation of 2,000 feet (600 metres), about 55 miles (90 km) north of Ranchi, the state capital. Established in 1955, it covers an area of 71

haze, suspension in the atmosphere of dry particles of dust, salt, aerosols, or photochemical smog that are so small (with diameters of about 0.1 micron [0.00001 cm]) that they cannot be felt or seen individually with the naked eye, but the aggregate reduces horizontal visibility and gives the

Laki: …animals in Iceland; the resulting Haze Famine eventually killed about one-fifth of Iceland’s population.

Shirley Booth: …on the television situation comedy Hazel (1961–66). Critics complained that an actress of her skills had no business in such a lowly vehicle, yet the role succeeded in making Booth a household name and won for her two Emmy Awards. Upon cancellation of the series, she appeared in the role…

hazelnut, (genus Corylus), genus of about 15 species of shrubs and trees in the birch family (Betulaceae) and the edible nuts they produce. The plants are native to the north temperate zone. Several species are of commercial importance for their nuts, and a number are valuable hedgerow and

Hazel Bishop: The following year she formed Hazel Bishop, Inc., to manufacture her “Lasting Lipstick.” The “kiss-proof” lipstick was a great success in the market, and rival manufacturers soon introduced similar products. Bishop was president of the firm until November 1951, when she resigned in a dispute with the majority stockholder. Her…

hazelnut, (genus Corylus), genus of about 15 species of shrubs and trees in the birch family (Betulaceae) and the edible nuts they produce. The plants are native to the north temperate zone. Several species are of commercial importance for their nuts, and a number are valuable hedgerow and

Alan Hazeltine was an American electrical engineer and physicist who invented the neutrodyne circuit, which made radio commercially possible. Hazeltine attended Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, N.J., and, after working a year (1906–07) in the laboratory of the General Electric Company in

Alan Hazeltine was an American electrical engineer and physicist who invented the neutrodyne circuit, which made radio commercially possible. Hazeltine attended Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, N.J., and, after working a year (1906–07) in the laboratory of the General Electric Company in

Exxon Valdez oil spill: After evidence suggested that Joseph J. Hazelwood, the ship’s captain, had been drinking before the accident, Exxon terminated his employment. In 1990 the U.S. Congress passed the Oil Pollution Act in direct response to the Exxon Valdez accident. Among other measures, the act created procedures for responding to future…

steer wrestling: …with the bulldogger and his hazer (a second rider who keeps the steer running straight) on either side of the steer’s chute. The steer has a head start, which is maintained by a rope around the steer that is tied to a barrier in front of the two riders’ horses;…

Islamic arts: Indian literature in Persian: …obscure, prompting the Persian poet Ḥazīn (died 1766), who went to India in the early 18th century, to write ironic comments about its incomprehensibility. Bēdil, however, was a very interesting writer. His lyric poetry is difficult but often rewarding, while his many philosophical mas̄navīs deserve deep study. His prose work,…

hazing, form of initiation that occurs when new members enter certain social groups, most often characterized by degrading, humiliating, or dangerous tasks and behaviours. Hazing is typically associated with student organizations such as university fraternities and sororities, but similar

Hazleton, city, Luzerne county, east-central Pennsylvania, U.S. It lies on Spring Mountain of the Buck Mountain Plateau, at an elevation of 1,624 feet (495 metres), 24 miles (39 km) south of Wilkes-Barre. Originally a lumbering settlement, it became a prosperous mining town after the discovery

Lee Hazlewood: The inspired use of an empty silo helped put Phoenix, Arizona, on the rock-and-roll map during the late 1950s. Working at the tiny Audio Recorders studio, disc jockey-turned-producer Lee Hazlewood was obsessed with emulating the power and atmosphere of the then-current hits on Chess (of…

William Hazlitt was an English writer best known for his humanistic essays. Lacking conscious artistry or literary pretention, his writing is noted for the brilliant intellect it reveals. Hazlitt’s childhood was spent in Ireland and North America, where his father, a Unitarian preacher, supported

September 11 attacks: The September 11 commission and its findings: …plane), the suspected al-Qaeda militants Nawaf al-Hazmi and Khalid al-Mihdhar. The CIA had been tracking Hazmi and Mihdhar since they attended a terrorist summit meeting in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on January 5, 2000. The failure to watch-list the two al-Qaeda suspects with the Department of State meant that they entered…

Syrian and Palestinian religion: Institutions and practices: Hazor, in the Jordan valley north of the Sea of Galilee, has yielded a 13th-century-bce statue of a male deity on a bull-shaped base. In another temple a set of cultic objects, also from the 13th century, was found behind a stone slab: a seated…

Turkestan, city, southern Kazakhstan. It lies in the Syr Darya (ancient Jaxartes River) plain. Turkestan was an ancient centre of the caravan trade; it was known as Shavgar and later as Yasī. It became a religious centre called Khazret (Hazrat) because of the 12th-century Sufi (Muslim mystic) Ahmed

Meher Baba: …met an aged Muslim woman, Hazrat Babajan, the first of five “perfect masters” (spiritually enlightened, or “God-realized,” persons) who over the next seven years helped him find his own spiritual identity. That identity, Meher Baba said, was as the avatar of his age, interpreting that term to mean the periodic…

Bagerhat: Bagerhat was the capital of Hazrat Khan Jahan Ali—the 15th-century pioneer of the Sundarbans region of the southern Padma River (Ganges [Ganga] River) delta—and contains the ruins of his mausoleum and a large mosque (Sat Gumbaz; built c. 1459). The town is connected by road and rail with Khulna. Bagerhat…