Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft was a Dutch dramatist and poet, regarded by many as the most brilliant representative of Dutch Renaissance literature. Hooft’s prose style continued to provide a model into the 19th century. During three years spent in France and Italy, Hooft came completely under the

rat: General features: …rest uniformly white, as in Hoogerwerf’s rat (R. hoogerwerfi) and the white-tailed rat of Sulawesi.

Pieter de Hooch was a Dutch genre painter of the Delft school, noted for his interior scenes and masterful use of light. De Hooch was a pupil of Claes Berchem at Haarlem. From 1653 he was in the service of Justus de Grange and lived in Delft, The Hague, and Leiden. He was a member of the painters’

Pieter de Hooch was a Dutch genre painter of the Delft school, noted for his interior scenes and masterful use of light. De Hooch was a pupil of Claes Berchem at Haarlem. From 1653 he was in the service of Justus de Grange and lived in Delft, The Hague, and Leiden. He was a member of the painters’

Pieter de Hooch was a Dutch genre painter of the Delft school, noted for his interior scenes and masterful use of light. De Hooch was a pupil of Claes Berchem at Haarlem. From 1653 he was in the service of Justus de Grange and lived in Delft, The Hague, and Leiden. He was a member of the painters’

caricature and cartoon: Social satire: …group of artists of whom Romeyn de Hooghe was the chief, and they were sold cheap. There had been Dutch political cartoons before, but they were laborious and appeared irregularly. The Dutch–English connection in the person of William III, the continuing threat of Louis XIV, and a succession of shattering…

history of the Low Countries: Social and economic structure: …led to the foundation of water boards, which in the 13th and 14th centuries were amalgamated to form higher water authorities (the hoogheemraadschappen). Mastery over the water had to be carried out on a large scale and in an organized fashion; the building of dikes required a higher authority and…

Hugli, city, central West Bengal state, northeastern India. The city lies just west of the Hugli (Hooghly) River and is a major road and rail connection. Rice milling and rubber-goods manufacture are the chief industries. Hooghly (now Hugli) was founded by the Portuguese in 1537 following the

Hugli River, river in West Bengal state, northeastern India. An arm of the Ganges (Ganga) River, it provides access to Kolkata (Calcutta) from the Bay of Bengal. It is formed by the junction of the Bhagirathi and Jalangi rivers at Nabadwip. From there the Hugli flows generally south for about 160

Hugli, city, central West Bengal state, northeastern India. The city lies just west of the Hugli (Hooghly) River and is a major road and rail connection. Rice milling and rubber-goods manufacture are the chief industries. Hooghly (now Hugli) was founded by the Portuguese in 1537 following the

Harry Mulisch: Hoogste tijd (1985; Last Call) tells the story of an elderly actor who collaborated with the Nazis during the war. De ontdekking van de hemel (1992; The Discovery of Heaven; filmed 2001) increased Mulisch’s international presence with its discussion of the theological questions raised by science. De procedure…

Rembrandt: Night Watch: In the words of van Hoogstraten, Rembrandt’s former pupil, “Rembrandt made the portraits that were commissioned subservient to the image as a whole.”

Aruba: Land: …is the mountain known as Hooiberg (“Haystack”), which reaches 560 feet (171 metres). In some places immense monolithic boulders of diorite are peculiarly piled on top of one another. Aruba has barren soil with little or no natural irrigation. Most drinking water is obtained by desalinating seawater. The temperature varies…

feather: …attached to one another by hooks, stiffening the vane. In many birds, some or all of the feathers lack the barbules or the hooks, and the plumage has a loose, hairlike appearance.

Holland: …between factions known as the Hooks (Hoeken) and the Cods (Kabeljauwen), who came to represent rival aristocratic and middle-class parties, respectively. The issue was finally settled with the intervention of the house of Wittelsbach, whose members served as counts of Holland, Zeeland, and Hainaut until forced to give up the…

fishing: Early history: …was the predecessor of the fishhook: a gorge—that is, a piece of wood, bone, or stone 1 inch (2.5 cm) or so in length, pointed at both ends and secured off-centre to the line. The gorge was covered with some kind of bait. When a fish swallowed the gorge, a…

Steven Spielberg: The 1990s: …film of the 1990s was Hook (1991), a retelling of J.M. Barrie’s Peter Pan. Despite a cast that included major stars Robin Williams and Julia Roberts, the movie was a critical and commercial failure. Spielberg, however, returned to form in dramatic fashion with not one but two enormously popular 1993…

cricket: Batting: …or behind the wicket; and pull or hook, in which the batsman hits a ball on the uprise through the leg side.

boxing: Techniques: The hook, also thrown with the lead hand, is a short lateral movement of arm and fist, with elbow bent and wrist twisted inward at the moment of impact. The uppercut is an upward blow delivered from the direction of the toes with either hand. The…

fire engine: The ladder truck (hook and ladder) mounts a ladder that may be capable of rapid extension to 150 feet, often with a large-capacity nozzle built into the top section. The older type of overlength ladder truck is equipped with steerable rear wheels for negotiating city streets.…

tornado: Prediction and detection of tornadoes: …updraft to produce a “hook echo,” a hook-shaped region of precipitation that flows out of the main storm and wraps around the updraft. Such inferences were highly subjective and prone to false alarms or very short-notice warnings. Today, modern weather surveillance radars not only provide information on the intensity…

harbours and sea works: The Delta Plan: …the New Waterway from the Hook of Holland.

Joy Division/New Order: January 4, 1956, Salford, Manchester), Peter Hook (b. February 13, 1956, Manchester), Stephen Morris (b. October 28, 1957, Macclesfield), and Gillian Gilbert (b. January 27, 1961, Manchester).

Sidney Hook was an American educator and social philosopher who studied historical theory in relation to American philosophy. He was among the first U.S. scholars to analyze Marxism and was firmly opposed to all forms of totalitarianism, holding liberal democracy as the most viable political

Theodore Edward Hook was a prolific English playwright and novelist, best remembered as a founder of the “silver-fork” school of novelists who, in the early 19th century, aimed to describe fashionable English society from the inside for those on the outside. Hook was the son of the composer and

bicycle: Wheels: … with wire beads are called clinchers, though the proper technical name is wired-on or hook-bead. Clincher tires have a wearing surface of synthetic rubber vulcanized onto a two-ply cotton or nylon casing. Air pressure is contained by a butyl rubber inner tube with either a Presta or a Schrader valve.…

vanga-shrike: The hook-billed vanga-shrike (Vanga curvirostris) is a big-billed form that catches tree frogs and lizards. The smallest species is the red-tailed vanga-shrike, or tit-shrike (Calicalicus madagascariensis).

scorpaeniform: Reproduction: The European hook-nose (A. cataphractus) lays up to 2,400 eggs inside the hollow rhizoid (stalk) of the kelp Laminaria in a compact, membrane-covered mass. Incubation is prolonged, possibly as long as 12 months.

hookah, apparatus used to heat and vaporize tobacco for inhalation. The word hookah is derived from the Hindustani huqqa and the Arabic huqqah, meaning “vase” or “vessel.” The practice of smoking tobacco from a hookah likely originated in India or the Middle East. Today it is used worldwide and is

Hooke’s law, law of elasticity discovered by the English scientist Robert Hooke in 1660, which states that, for relatively small deformations of an object, the displacement or size of the deformation is directly proportional to the deforming force or load. Under these conditions the object returns

Robert Hooke was an English physicist who discovered the law of elasticity, known as Hooke’s law, and who did research in a remarkable variety of fields. In 1655 Hooke was employed by Robert Boyle to construct the Boylean air pump. Five years later, Hooke discovered his law of elasticity, which

deformation and flow: Linearly elastic solids have molecules envisaged as being locked together by springlike elastic forces. For small deformations, a graph of deformation as a function of the applied load is a straight line. This type of deformation is an energy-storing process, as exemplified by the compression…

mussel: The hooked, or bent, mussel (M. recurvus), from New England to the Caribbean, attains lengths of about 4 cm and is greenish brown to purplish black. The scorched mussel (M. exustus), from North Carolina to the Caribbean, is bluish gray and about 2.5 cm long.

rug and carpet: North America: Hooking (drawing strips of material through a woven foundation) began around the turn of the 18th century and became very popular; early examples have floral, geometric, or animal designs and are very colourful. No knotted carpets were manufactured by the early settlers. In 1884, however,…

sea lion: The New Zealand, or Hooker’s, sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri) inhabits only New Zealand. Males are 2.0–2.5 metres in length, females 1.5–2.0 metres. Their weight is slightly less than that of Australian sea lions.

Isabella Beecher Hooker was an American suffragist prominent in the fight for women’s rights in the mid- to late 19th century. Isabella Beecher was a daughter of the Reverend Lyman Beecher and a half sister of Henry Ward Beecher, Catharine Beecher, and Harriet Beecher Stowe. She was educated mainly

John Lee Hooker was an American blues singer-guitarist, one of the most distinctive artists in the electric blues idiom. Born into a Mississippi sharecropping family, Hooker learned to play the guitar from his stepfather and developed an interest in gospel music as a child. In 1943 he moved to

Joseph Hooker was a Union general in the American Civil War (1861–65) who successfully reorganized the Army of the Potomac in early 1863 but who thereafter earned a seesaw reputation for defeat and victory in battle. A West Point graduate and veteran of the Mexican War (1846–48), Hooker left his

Richard Hooker was a theologian who created a distinctive Anglican theology and who was a master of English prose and legal philosophy. In his masterpiece, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiasticall Politie, which was incomplete at the time of his death, Hooker defended the Church of England against both

Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker was an English botanist noted for his botanical travels and studies and for his encouragement of Charles Darwin and of Darwin’s theories. The younger son of Sir William Jackson Hooker, he was assistant director of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew from 1855 to 1865 and,

Sir William Jackson Hooker was an English botanist who was the first director of the Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew Gardens), near London. He greatly advanced the knowledge of ferns, algae, lichens, and fungi as well as of higher plants. Hooker was the son of a merchant’s clerk and descendant of

Thomas Hooker was a prominent British American colonial clergyman known as “the father of Connecticut.” Seeking independence from other Puritan sects in Massachusetts, Thomas Hooker and his followers established one of the first major colonies in Hartford, Connecticut. A staunch supporter of

Dame Margot Fonteyn was an outstanding ballerina of the English stage whose musicality, technical perfection, and precisely conceived and executed characterizations made her an international star. She was the first homegrown English ballerina, and she became an iconic and much-loved figure,

Tom Wolfe: Wolfe’s Hooking Up (2000) is a collection of fiction and essays, all previously published except for “My Three Stooges,” a scandalous diatribe about John Updike, Norman Mailer, and John Irving, who had all been critical of A Man in Full.

bell hooks was an American scholar and activist whose work examined the connections between race, gender, and class. She often explored the varied perceptions of Black women and Black women writers and the development of feminist identities. Watkins grew up in a segregated community of the American

Benjamin L. Hooks was an American jurist, minister, and government official who was executive director of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) from 1977 to 1993. Hooks attended Le Moyne College in Memphis (1941–43) and Howard University, Washington, D.C. (1943–44;

Benjamin L. Hooks was an American jurist, minister, and government official who was executive director of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) from 1977 to 1993. Hooks attended Le Moyne College in Memphis (1941–43) and Howard University, Washington, D.C. (1943–44;

Manchester: Bedford, Londonderry, and Hooksett.

lepidopteran: Annotated classification: Family Drepanidae (hooktip moths) Approximately 650 species worldwide, chiefly Indo-Australian; many of the adults have the forewing apexes strongly hooked; larvae usually lack last pair of prolegs; subfamilies Thyatirinae and Epibleminae sometimes classified as families. Family Epicopeiidae (epicopeiid moths) 25 species in Arctic and

hookworm, any of several parasitic worms of the genera Necator and Ancylostoma belonging to the class Nematoda (phylum Aschelminthes) that infest the intestines of humans, dogs, and cats. A malady resembling hookworm disease was described in Egypt as early as 1600 bce. A. duodenale was discovered

hookworm disease, parasitic infestation of humans, dogs, or cats caused by bloodsucking worms living in the small intestine—sometimes associated with secondary anemia. Several species of hookworms can cause the disease. Necator americanus, which ranges in size from 5 to 11 mm (0.2 to 0.4 inch), is

Heysel Stadium disaster: Hooliganism also played a large role, and English clubs were banned from playing in Europe for five years. In addition, 14 Liverpool fans were convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to three years in prison, though they ultimately only served about 12 months.

gibbon: …be divided into four genera: Hoolock, Hylobates, Nomascus, and Symphalangus. Molecular data indicate that the four groups are as different from one another as chimpanzees are from humans.

gibbon: The hoolock gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) is found from Myanmar (Burma) west of the Salween River into Assam, India, and Bangladesh. Adult males are black and females are brown, with colour changes similar to those seen in the concolor group. Both sexes have throat sacs and much…

gibbon: The hoolock gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) is found from Myanmar (Burma) west of the Salween River into Assam, India, and Bangladesh. Adult males are black and females are brown, with colour changes similar to those seen in the concolor group. Both sexes have throat sacs and much…

throat-singing, a range of singing styles in which a single vocalist sounds more than one pitch simultaneously by reinforcing certain harmonics (overtones and undertones) of the fundamental pitch. In some styles, harmonic melodies are sounded above a fundamental vocal drone. Originally called

hoop, circular toy adaptable to many games, children’s and adults’, probably the most ubiquitous of the world’s toys, after the ball. The ancient Greeks advocated hoop rolling as a beneficial exercise for those not very strong. It was also used as a toy by both Greek and Roman children, as graphic

history of film: United States: …in a Dallas murder case; Hoop Dreams (1994), by Steve James, Frederick Marx, and Peter Gilbert, concerning the struggles of two young African American basketball hopefuls in Chicago; Crumb (1994), Terry Zwigoff’s portrait of the underground comic book artist Robert Crumb; Buena Vista Social Club (1999), Wim Wenders and Ry…

hoop skirt, garment with a frame of whalebone or of wicker or osier basketwork. Reminiscent of the farthingale (q.v.), the petticoat was reintroduced in England and France around 1710 and remained in favour until 1780. The French name panier (“basket”) was used for skirts distended at the sides

Moreton Bay pine, (Araucaria cunninghamii), large evergreen timber conifer of the family Araucariaceae. The Moreton Bay pine is native to the coastal rainforests of northern New South Wales to northern Queensland in eastern Australia and the Arfak Mountains of western New Guinea. The plant is

John Edgar Wideman: …Race and Society (1994) and Hoop Roots: Basketball, Race, and Love (2001) as well as the novels The Cattle Killing (1996) and Fanon (2008).

hoop skirt, garment with a frame of whalebone or of wicker or osier basketwork. Reminiscent of the farthingale (q.v.), the petticoat was reintroduced in England and France around 1710 and remained in favour until 1780. The French name panier (“basket”) was used for skirts distended at the sides

Robert Klein: Music and acting: …he has appeared in are Hooper (1978), Radioland Murders (1994), One Fine Day (1996), Primary Colors (1998), The Safety of Objects (2001), Two Weeks Notice (2002), How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days (2003), Ira & Abby (2006),

Franklin Henry Hooper was the U.S. editor in chief of Encyclopædia Britannica from 1932 to 1938, and the brother of the Britannica’s publisher Horace Everett Hooper. In 1899 Hooper joined the staff of the Britannica, in which his brother Horace, James Clarke, and others had acquired an interest.

Horace Everett Hooper was a U.S. publisher of Encyclopædia Britannica from 1897 until his death. He was a master salesman and an innovator in publishing. Hooper left school at the age of 16, clerked in bookstores for a time, and then went to Denver, Colo., where he organized the Western Book and

Horace Everett Hooper was a U.S. publisher of Encyclopædia Britannica from 1897 until his death. He was a master salesman and an innovator in publishing. Hooper left school at the age of 16, clerked in bookstores for a time, and then went to Denver, Colo., where he organized the Western Book and

Marian Adams was an American social arbiter who was widely acknowledged for her wit, as an accomplished photographer in the early 1880s, and as the wife of historian Henry Adams. Marian Hooper—called Clover by family and friends—was the youngest child of Boston Brahmins. Her mother, Ellen Sturgis

windmill: In 1789 Stephen Hooper in England utilized roller blinds instead of shutters and devised a remote control to enable all the blinds to be adjusted simultaneously while the mill was at work. In 1807 Sir William Cubitt invented his “patent sail” combining Meikle’s hinged shutters with Hooper’s…

hoopoe, (Upupa epops), strikingly crested bird found from southern Europe and Africa to southeastern Asia, the sole member of the family Upupidae of the roller order, Coraciiformes. About 28 centimetres (11 inches) long, it is pinkish brown on the head and shoulders, with a long, black-tipped,

Hoorn, gemeente (municipality), northwestern Netherlands, on the IJsselmeer (lake). Founded about 1300 and chartered in 1357, it was the capital of medieval West Friesland. Its horn-shaped harbour (for which it is named) was one of the principal ports of the Netherlands until the Zuiderzee silted

Cape Horn, steep rocky headland on Hornos Island, Tierra del Fuego Archipelago, southern Chile. Located off the southern tip of mainland South America, it was named Hoorn for the birthplace of the Dutch navigator Willem Corneliszoon Schouten, who rounded it in 1616. False Cape Horn (Falso Cabo de

Filips van Montmorency, count van Horne was the stadtholder of Gelderland and Zutphen, admiral of the Netherlands, and member of the council of state of the Netherlands (1561–65), who sought to preserve the traditional rights and privileges of the Netherlands and to end the Spanish Inquisition. A

Filips van Montmorency, count van Horne was the stadtholder of Gelderland and Zutphen, admiral of the Netherlands, and member of the council of state of the Netherlands (1561–65), who sought to preserve the traditional rights and privileges of the Netherlands and to end the Spanish Inquisition. A

Hoosac Tunnel, railway tunnel that runs through Hoosac Mountain of the Berkshire Hills, east of North Adams, Massachusetts, the first major rock tunnel built in the United States. Hoosac Tunnel was built to provide a rail connection between Boston and upper New York state. Though only 7.6 km (4.75

The Hoosier School-Master, regional novel by Edward Eggleston, first serialized in Hearth and Home in 1871 and published in book form the same year. The novel is primarily of interest for its naturalism, its setting in rural Indiana, and its extensive use of Hoosier dialect. The novel is based

Indiana, constituent state of the United States of America. The state sits, as its motto claims, at “the crossroads of America.” It borders Lake Michigan and the state of Michigan to the north, Ohio to the east, Kentucky to the south, and Illinois to the west, making it an integral part of the

Gene Hackman: …the 1980s included Reds (1981), Hoosiers (1986), and No Way Out (1987), and he was once again nominated for a best actor Oscar for his performance in Mississippi Burning (1988). He won the Academy Award for best supporting actor for his portrayal of Little Bill Daggett in Clint Eastwood’s revisionist…

Pete Seeger: …fostering the growth of the hootenanny (a gathering of performers playing and singing for each other, often with audience participation) as a characteristically informal and personal style of entertainment. Among the many songs that he wrote himself or in collaboration with others were “Where Have All the Flowers Gone,” “If…

the Replacements: On their third recording, Hootenanny (1983), they began to include country and blues influences, which set the stage for three eclectic, critically acclaimed albums: Let it Be (1984), Tim (1985), and Pleased to Meet Me (1987). The albums document Westerberg’s growing sophistication as a pop tunesmith, but they promised…

Earnest A. Hooton was an American physical anthropologist who investigated human evolution and so-called racial differentiation, classified and described human populations, and examined the relationship between personality and physical type, particularly with respect to criminal behaviour. He

Earnest A. Hooton was an American physical anthropologist who investigated human evolution and so-called racial differentiation, classified and described human populations, and examined the relationship between personality and physical type, particularly with respect to criminal behaviour. He

Hoover Commission, (1947–49, 1953–55), either of two temporary advisory bodies, both headed by the former president Herbert Hoover. They were appointed to find ways to reduce the number of federal government departments and increase their efficiency in the post-World War II and post-Korean War

Hoover Dam, dam in Black Canyon on the Colorado River, at the Arizona-Nevada border, U.S. Constructed between 1930 and 1936, it is the highest concrete arch-gravity dam in the United States. It impounds Lake Mead, which extends for 115 miles (185 km) upstream and is one of the largest artificial

Hoover Dam: …January 2005 on a long-planned Hoover Dam Bypass Project, and in October 2010 a concrete arch bridge with a 1,060-foot (322-metre) span—the longest in North America for that type of bridge—opened for through traffic within view of Hoover Dam. The old road along the crest is reserved for use by…

Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Think tank founded in 1919 (as the Hoover War Collection) by Herbert Hoover. It is located at, but has no institutional connection with, Stanford University, in Palo Alto, California. The Hoover Library and Archives house source materials on social

Theodore Jesse Hoover: In 1905 Hoover Lake in Santa Clara county, Calif., was named after him. He explored and mapped the area around the lake during the summers of 1904 and 1905 while serving as manager of the Standard Consolidated Mines. Also named in his honour is the Theodore J.…

Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Think tank founded in 1919 (as the Hoover War Collection) by Herbert Hoover. It is located at, but has no institutional connection with, Stanford University, in Palo Alto, California. The Hoover Library and Archives house source materials on social

Colleen Hoover is an American author who became a publishing phenomenon in the early 21st century and is known for hugely popular books that typically feature romance and dramatic plot twists. Forgoing more traditional marketing plans, Hoover self-published many of her books, which became

Herbert Hoover was the 31st president of the United States (1929–33). Hoover’s reputation as a humanitarian—earned during and after World War I as he rescued millions of Europeans from starvation—faded from public consciousness when his administration proved unable to alleviate widespread

Herbert Hoover was the 31st president of the United States (1929–33). Hoover’s reputation as a humanitarian—earned during and after World War I as he rescued millions of Europeans from starvation—faded from public consciousness when his administration proved unable to alleviate widespread

J. Edgar Hoover was a U.S. public official who, as director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) from 1924 until his death in 1972, built that agency into a highly effective, if occasionally controversial, arm of federal law enforcement. Hoover studied law at night at George Washington

J. Edgar Hoover was a U.S. public official who, as director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) from 1924 until his death in 1972, built that agency into a highly effective, if occasionally controversial, arm of federal law enforcement. Hoover studied law at night at George Washington

Lou Hoover was an American first lady (1929–33), the wife of Herbert Hoover, 31st president of the United States. A philanthropist who was active in wartime relief, she was also the first president’s wife to deliver a speech on radio. Daughter of Charles Henry, a banker, and Florence Weed Henry,

Theodore Jesse Hoover was an American mining engineer, naturalist, educator, and the elder brother of U.S. Pres. Herbert Hoover (author of this biography). Hoover was the oldest of three children born to Jesse Clark Hoover, a village blacksmith and dealer in agricultural machinery, and Huldah

Theodore Jesse Hoover was an American mining engineer, naturalist, educator, and the elder brother of U.S. Pres. Herbert Hoover (author of this biography). Hoover was the oldest of three children born to Jesse Clark Hoover, a village blacksmith and dealer in agricultural machinery, and Huldah

Hooverball, medicine-ball game invented in 1929 by Adm. Joel T. Boone, physician to U.S. Pres. Herbert Hoover, in order to keep Hoover physically fit. The sport was nameless until 1931, when a reporter from The New York Times christened it “Hooverball” in an article he wrote about the president’s

hoof, hard, flexible covering that protects the toes of ungulate mammals. Because all hoofed animals essentially walk on the tips of their toes, hooves provide a strong, insensitive surface to bear the weight of their bodies. In animals such as the horse and antelope, hooves are an adaptation for

hop, either of two species of the genus Humulus, nonwoody annual or perennial vines in the hemp family (Cannabinaceae) native to temperate North America, Eurasia, and South America. The hops used in the brewing industry are the dried female flower clusters (cones) of the common hop (H. lupulus).