Josef Albers: His best-known series of paintings, Homage to the Square (begun in 1950 and continued until his death), restricts its repertory of forms to coloured squares superimposed onto each other. The arrangement of these squares is carefully calculated so that the colour of each square optically alters the sizes, hues, and…

homage and fealty, in European society, solemn acts of ritual by which a person became a vassal of a lord in feudal society. Homage was essentially the acknowledgment of the bond of tenure that existed between the two. It consisted of the vassal surrendering himself to the lord, symbolized by his

carpoid, member of an extinct group of unusual echinoderms (modern echinoderms include starfish, sea urchins, and sea lilies), known as fossils from rocks of Middle Cambrian to Early Devonian age (the Cambrian Period began about 542 million years ago, and the Devonian Period began 416 million years

lobster: The true lobsters (Homaridae) have claws (chelae) on the first three pairs of legs, with very large claws on the first pair. They have a distinct rostrum, or snout, on the carapace, which covers the head and thorax, or midsection. The American lobster (Homarus americanus) and the Norway…

crustacean: Importance to humans: …probably the true lobster (Homarus species), although overfishing since the early 20th century has greatly diminished the catches of both the North American and the European species. Freshwater crustaceans include crayfish and some river prawns and river crabs. Many species have only local market value. It is probable that…

crustacean: Size range and diversity of structure: …10,000 species) that includes the American lobster, which can reach a weight of 20 kilograms (44 pounds), and the giant Japanese spider crab, which has legs that can span up to 3.7 metres (12 feet). At the other end of the scale, some of the water fleas (class Branchiopoda), such…

lobster: H. capensis, of the waters around South Africa, grows to 10 or 13 cm (4 to 5 inches) and is of little commercial value.

atropine: Homatropine, for example, has a more transient action in the eye and little or no effect on the central nervous system; dicyclomine exerts direct relaxant effects on the gastrointestinal tract and is used in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; and oxybutynin acts on the…

Mali: Relief: …is the country’s highest point, Mount Hombori Tondo, which rises to a height of 3,789 feet (1,155 metres).

Hombre, American western film, released in 1967, that was widely considered a classic of the genre. The revisionist western was the sixth and final movie that paired director Martin Ritt and star Paul Newman. John Russell (played by Newman) is a young man raised by Apaches. He reluctantly leaves

ombre, Anglicized version of the classic Spanish card game originally called hombre (meaning “man”) and now known as tresillo in Spain and South America. Three players each receive 10 cards from the Spanish suited 40-card deck lacking 10-9-8 in each suit; the remaining cards go facedown as a stock.

Spanish literature: Reform of the drama: In El hombre deshabitado (1931; “The Uninhabited Man”), a modern allegorical play in the manner of Calderón’s autos sacramentales, he created poetic, fatalistic myths out of realistic themes and folk motifs. The renovation of the drama attempted by Azorín, Valle-Inclán, Grau, and others of the Generation…

Rafael Arévalo Martínez: …title story of his collection El hombre que parecía un caballo (1920; “The Man Who Resembled a Horse”), which was once considered the most famous Latin American short story of the 20th century. First published in 1915, the story was so successful that Arévalo made other experiments in the same…

Miguel Ángel Asturias: In Hombres de maíz (1949; Men of Maize), the novel generally considered his masterpiece, Asturias depicts the seemingly irreversible wretchedness of the Indian peasant. Another aspect of that misery—the exploitation of Indians on the banana plantations—appears in the epic trilogy that comprises the novels Viento fuerte (1950; The Cyclone), El…

Ernesto Sábato: …published nonfiction works such as Hombres y engranajes (1951; “Men and Gears”), examining the myth of progress and the use of machine technology as a model for social structures, and Heterodoxia (1953; “Heterodoxy”), on the problems of modern civilization and what Sábato saw as an attendant loss of earlier moral…

Homburg, city, Saarland Land (state), southwestern Germany. It lies on the Erbach River, northeast of Saarbrücken. Chartered in 1330 and 1558, it belonged to the counts of Homburg, most of whose territory was divided in 1499 between the houses of Nassau-Saarbrücken and Pfalz-Zweibrücken. It became

Germany: The discontent of the lay princes: …defeat the Saxon rebellion at Homburg near Langensalza in June 1075. But, when the life-and-death struggle with Rome opened only half a year later, the southern German malcontents deserted Henry and, together with the Saxons and a handful of bishops, entered into an alliance with Gregory VII. Few of them…

the Chicks: In 2003 Home (2002), a return to their acoustic roots that features a popular cover of Fleetwood Mac’s “Landslide,” was named best country album at the Grammy Awards, and the songs “Long Time Gone” and “Lil’ Jack Slade” also received awards.

Marilynne Robinson: Later fiction: Home was received enthusiastically and won the Orange Prize for Fiction (later the Women’s Prize for Fiction) in 2009. Lila is a prequel to Gilead, telling the story of John Ames’s wife, the eponymous Lila, who appears mostly in passing in earlier works. The novel…

Toni Morrison: In the redemptive Home (2012), a traumatized Korean War veteran encounters racism after returning home and later overcomes apathy to rescue his sister. In God Help the Child (2015), Morrison chronicled the ramifications of child abuse and neglect through the tale of Bride, a Black girl with dark…

Lindsay Anderson: Celebration (1969), The Contractor (1969), Home (1970), and The Changing Room (1971). His subsequent films included O Lucky Man! (1973), In Celebration (1974), Britannia Hospital (1982), and The Whales of August (1987). His later stage productions included Storey’s The March on Russia (1989).

Candice Bergen: …secretary, and the romantic comedy Home Again (2017). She starred with Diane Keaton, Jane Fonda, and Mary Steenburgen in the well-received Book Club (2018) and won plaudits for her performance in Steven Soderbergh’s Let Them All Talk (2020), in which she starred with Meryl Streep and

Home Alone, Christmas family comedy film released in 1990 about the adventures of Kevin McCallister, an eight-year-old boy, played by Macaulay Culkin, who has to fend for himself and thwart the attempts of a pair of bungling burglars trying to break into his family’s house after he is inadvertently

Macaulay Culkin: Early life and work: …star-making role as Kevin in Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992), which also performed well at the box office. Culkin’s next role, a dramatic turn from his previous work, was in the dark and disturbing The Good Son (1993), in which he played a deeply troubled child.

John Hughes: …2: Lost in New York, Home Alone 3, and Home Alone 4), all of which were written by Hughes. Although he continued to produce and to write screenplays during the 1990s, he directed his last film, Curly Sue, in 1991. He produced Miracle on 34th Street (1994), a remake of…

John Hughes: …York, Home Alone 3, and Home Alone 4), all of which were written by Hughes. Although he continued to produce and to write screenplays during the 1990s, he directed his last film, Curly Sue, in 1991. He produced Miracle on 34th Street (1994), a remake of the classic 1947 film,…

Chinua Achebe: (1975), Hopes and Impediments (1988), Home and Exile (2000), The Education of a British-Protected Child (2009), and the autobiographical There Was a Country: A Personal History of Biafra (2012). In 2007 he won the Man Booker International Prize.

Television in the United States: The 1990s: the loss of shared experience: …home improvement and gardening (Home and Garden Television [HGTV]), comedy (Comedy Central), documentaries (Discovery Channel), animals (Animal Planet), and a host of other interests. The Golf Channel and the Game Show Network were perhaps the most emblematic of how far target programming could go during this era. By the…

home appliance, any of numerous and varied electric, electromechanical, or gas-powered devices introduced mainly in the 20th century to save labour and time in the household. Collectively, their effect on industrial society has been to eliminate the drudgery and drastically reduce the time long

Warsaw Uprising: …Polish underground, known as the Home Army, was anxious because the Soviet Union had already assumed direct control of eastern Poland and had sponsored the formation of the Polish Committee of National Liberation to administer the remainder of Soviet-occupied Polish territory. Hoping to gain control of Warsaw before the Red…

Ralph Richardson: …Monday (1952; also known as Home at Seven). He was knighted in 1947.

baseball: Play of the game: …faces the base designated as home plate, where a batter, holding a formed stick (a bat), waits for him to throw a hard leather-covered ball. The goal of the batter is to hit the ball out of the reach of the fielders and eventually (most often with the help of…

HBO, American cable television company that arguably became the leading premium cable station for its mix of movies and innovative original programming. It was founded in 1972 by Time Inc. The company’s headquarters are located in New York City. HBO—as its full name, Home Box Office,

Ed Bullins: …Fabulous Miss Marie (produced 1971), Home Boy (produced 1976), and Daddy (produced 1977). In 1975 he received critical acclaim for The Taking of Miss Janie, a play about the failed alliance of an interracial group of political idealists in the 1960s.

home care, health and social services provided to an ill or disabled person in the home that are intended to improve health and quality of life. Home care encompasses different levels of care, from private-duty care (custodial care, or nonmedical in-home care), which involves the provision of

house arrest: Under home confinement or home detention, the offender is confined to the home for most hours, with stated exceptions for school, work, religious services, medical or drug treatment, or food shopping. These exceptions are generally specified in advance and strictly enforced. Finally, home incarceration, perhaps the…

Heimwehr, (German: Home Defense Force), any of the local organizations formed in various parts of Austria to expel invading Yugoslavs or preserve order immediately after World War I. Composed of conservative-minded country dwellers, the Heimwehr came to represent much of the Austrian right wing

house arrest: Under home confinement or home detention, the offender is confined to the home for most hours, with stated exceptions for school, work, religious services, medical or drug treatment, or food shopping. These exceptions are generally specified in advance and strictly enforced. Finally, home incarceration, perhaps the…

Ellen Swallow Richards: …chemist and founder of the home economics movement in the United States.

homeschooling, educational method situated in the home rather than in an institution designed for that purpose. It is representative of a broad social movement of families, largely in Western societies, who believe that the education of children is, ultimately, the right of parents rather than a

industrial design: American hegemony and challenges from abroad: …leader in the export of home electronics and automobiles in the 1980s. Other countries also developed in terms of consumer product design after World War II. In Denmark, for instance, architect Arne Jacobsen established an international reputation with his iconic plywood-and-steel Ant chair (1951), and Jacob Jensen designed minimalist Bang…

zero-energy building: Home Energy Rating System: A Home Energy Rating System (or HERS) is a measurement of a home’s energy efficiency used primarily in the United States. HERS ratings make use of a relative energy-use index called the HERS Index. The HERS Index typically ranges from 0…

home equity, the difference between a home’s fair market value and the outstanding balance on all mortgage loans on the property. Home equity increases as the homeowner makes mortgage payments that apply toward the principal balance or as the home’s market value appreciates. Home equity can be used

home equity line of credit (HELOC), a type of loan that uses a borrower’s equity in his house as collateral. In a home equity line of credit (HELOC), the lender agrees to provide up to a certain amount of money to the borrower within a specified period, the amount depending on the amount of equity

Jodie Foster: …later directed the ensemble film Home for the Holidays (1995). She also served as a producer for several of her films, including Nell (1994), for which she received another Oscar nomination for best actress. In 1997 Foster starred in Contact, an adaptation of the science-fiction novel of the same name…

Lanford Wilson: Home Free! and The Madness of Lady Bright (published together in 1968) are two one-act plays first performed in 1964; the former involves a pair of incestuous siblings, and the latter features an aging transvestite. Balm in Gilead (1965), Wilson’s first full-length play, is set…

American literature: Southern fiction: …powerful novels set in Texas, Home from the Hill (1958) and The Ordways (1965). The Moviegoer (1961) and The Last Gentleman (1966) established Walker Percy as an important voice in Southern fiction. Their musing philosophical style broke sharply with the Southern gothic tradition and influenced later writers such as

Vincente Minnelli: Films of the 1960s and 1970s: Home from the Hill, Bells are Ringing, and On a Clear Day You Can See Forever: Home from the Hill (1960) was only moderately popular at the time, but it stands today as one of Minnelli’s strongest dramas. Mitchum gave one of his greatest performances, as hard-drinking patriarch Wade Hunnicutt, whose battles with his neurotic wife, Hannah (Eleanor Parker), are punctuated…

Ireland: The Home Rule movement and the Land League: …movement seeking domestic self-government, the Home Government Association (Home Rule League), was founded by Isaac Butt, a prominent unionist lawyer interested in land reform. In the election of 1874, it returned about 60 members to Parliament. The movement was tolerated rather than encouraged by the various groups of Irish nationalists,…

militia: …in the establishment of the Home Guard. Militia forces—conscripts who undergo periodic military training until retired to an inactive reserve in middle age—constitute today the bulk of the armed forces available for emergency service in Switzerland, Israel, Sweden, and several other countries. China and various other countries that maintain large…

Pamela Anderson: …Girl” on the popular series Home Improvement, and the following year she began her role as a member of the rotating cast of Baywatch. She quickly became the most popular of the red-swimsuit-clad cast of lifeguards. This led to a series of movie roles that similarly relied on her attractiveness…

Updates that add real value to your home.Remodeling your home may get you more money when you sell it, although some projects offer a better return on investment (ROI) than others. Replacing the roof could add big bucks to your home’s bottom line, whereas, depending on where you live, installing an

house arrest: Finally, home incarceration, perhaps the most severe form of house arrest, generally refers to cases in which the offender is required to remain in the home at all times, with rare exceptions such as medical treatment or court-ordered correctional therapy such as drug-abuse counseling. The latter…

construction: Early steel-frame high-rises: …this challenge with the 10-story Home Insurance Company Building (1885), which had a nearly completely all-metal structure. The frame consisted of cast-iron columns supporting wrought-iron beams, together with two floors of rolled-steel beams that were substituted during construction; this was the first large-scale use of steel in a building. The…

Cocos Islands: People: …of the Clunies-Ross family—live on Home Island. Most of the Cocos Malays speak a dialect of Malay and are Muslim. Numerous Cocos Islanders moved to the Australian mainland in the mid-1950s because of overcrowded conditions on the islands; they settled mainly in the state of Western Australia.

Denmark: Religion of Denmark: Known as the Home Mission (Indre Mission), it was founded by a clergyman, Vilhelm Beck, in the mid-19th century. The Home Mission survives as a contemporary evangelical expression of Lutheran Pietism, which had won converts in the 18th century. Today members of the Home Mission constitute a minority…

redlining: The Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) of 1975 required lending institutions to report public loan data, while the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 was intended to encourage banks and other financial institutions to help meet the credit needs of the communities in which they operate.

Mark Robson: Directing: Home of the Brave was an adaptation of Arthur Laurents’s play, with James Edwards as an African American soldier who is ostracized and harassed by fellow servicemen. Its unforgiving exploration of racism was daring for its time, and the film garnered critical praise.

Ivan Turgenev: First novels of Ivan Turgenev: …during the 1850s—Rudin (1856) and Home of the Gentry (1859)—are permeated by a spirit of ironic nostalgia for the weaknesses and futilities so manifest in this generation of a decade earlier.

George Inness: In The Home of the Heron, painted in 1893, Inness used subtle tonal variety to suggest a hazy atmosphere; the overlapping veils of colour unite earth and sky and underscore the harmony of the universe—a tenet central to Swedenborgianism, the belief system to which he adhered.

Sir Alec Douglas-Home was a British foreign secretary from 1960 to 1963, prime minister from Oct. 19, 1963, to Oct. 16, 1964, and, after the fall of his government, Conservative opposition spokesman in the House of Commons on foreign affairs. He was also foreign secretary from 1970 to 1974. As Lord

Smith Center: …and Kansas state anthem “Home on the Range,” is northwest; the home of Daniel Kelley, who composed the music to that song, has also been preserved in nearby Harlan. The traditional geographic centre of the contiguous United States (39°50′ N, 98°35′ W), marked by a stone pylon, is 11…

United States: The first New Deal: The Home Owners Loan Act established a corporation that refinanced one of every five mortgages on urban private residences. Other bills passed during the Hundred Days, as well as subsequent legislation, provided aid for the unemployed and the working poor and attacked the problems of agriculture…

baseball: Play of the game: …faces the base designated as home plate, where a batter, holding a formed stick (a bat), waits for him to throw a hard leather-covered ball. The goal of the batter is to hit the ball out of the reach of the fielders and eventually (most often with the help of…

pregnancy test: In home pregnancy tests, which are qualitative (determining whether HCG is present), a small amount of urine is applied to a chemical strip. The result is usually indicated by some visible change in the strip (whether this is a change in colour or the appearance of…

geographic range, in ecology, the collective area in which all members of a particular species are found during their lifetime. The term geographic range has often referred to the natural extent of a species’ distribution; however, it also includes areas where a species was introduced by human

home rule, limited autonomy or self-government granted by a central or regional government to its dependent political units. It has been a common feature of multinational empires or states—most notably, the ancient Roman Empire and the British Empire—which have afforded measured recognition of

Home Rule, in British and Irish history, movement to secure internal autonomy for Ireland within the British Empire. The Home Government Association, calling for an Irish parliament, was formed in 1870 by Isaac Butt, a Protestant lawyer who popularized “Home Rule” as the movement’s slogan. In 1873

Ireland: The Home Rule movement and the Land League: …movement seeking domestic self-government, the Home Government Association (Home Rule League), was founded by Isaac Butt, a prominent unionist lawyer interested in land reform. In the election of 1874, it returned about 60 members to Parliament. The movement was tolerated rather than encouraged by the various groups of Irish nationalists,…

Home Rule League, either of two short-lived organizations of the same name in India established in April and September 1916, respectively, by Indian nationalist Bal Gangadhar Tilak and British social reformer and Indian independence leader Annie Besant. The term, borrowed from a similar movement in

baseball: Movement and expansion: In particular, home runs increased dramatically, reaching record-breaking numbers from 1985 to 1987 and again in the late 1990s. The reasons for the change from dominant pitching to hitting were not entirely clear. Many claimed the ball had been engineered to fly farther; others claimed that continual…

homeschooling, educational method situated in the home rather than in an institution designed for that purpose. It is representative of a broad social movement of families, largely in Western societies, who believe that the education of children is, ultimately, the right of parents rather than a

Home to Harlem, first novel by Claude McKay, published in 1928. In it and its sequel, Banjo, McKay attempted to capture the vitality of the black vagabonds of urban America and Europe. Jake Brown, the protagonist of Home to Harlem, deserts the U.S. Army during World War I and lives in London until

Mavis Gallant: … (1964), The Pegnitz Junction (1973), Home Truths: Selected Canadian Stories (1981; winner of a Governor General’s Literary Award), Overhead in a Balloon: Stories of Paris (1985), In Transit (1988), and Across the Bridge (1993). Many of her works were later published in The Collected Stories of Mavis Gallant (1996), Paris…

Sir Alec Douglas-Home was a British foreign secretary from 1960 to 1963, prime minister from Oct. 19, 1963, to Oct. 16, 1964, and, after the fall of his government, Conservative opposition spokesman in the House of Commons on foreign affairs. He was also foreign secretary from 1970 to 1974. As Lord

Alexander Home, 1st earl of Home was a Scottish noble who took part in many of the turbulent incidents that marked the reign of James VI of Scotland (afterward James I of Great Britain). In August 1575 he became 6th Lord Home on the death of his father, the 5th lord. He was warden of the east

John Home was a Scottish dramatist whose play Douglas, according to the poet Thomas Gray, “retrieved the true language of the stage.” Home entered the church, then fought against the Jacobites in the 1745 uprising led by Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie). When his play Douglas was

Sir Patrick Hume, 2nd Baronet was a Scottish Protestant opponent of James II, who was involved in the rebellion of the duke of Monmouth and the invasion of William of Orange. As a member of the Scottish Parliament in 1665, he was active in opposing the harsh policy of the earl of Lauderdale toward

home care, health and social services provided to an ill or disabled person in the home that are intended to improve health and quality of life. Home care encompasses different levels of care, from private-duty care (custodial care, or nonmedical in-home care), which involves the provision of

American Subarctic peoples: Territorial organization: …these peoples, known as the home guard or trading-post band, usually named for the settlement in which its members traded. These new groups amalgamated the smaller bands and notably expanded the population in which marriage occurred.

computer: The Altair: …nascent hobbyist group called the Homebrew Computer Club gathered around an Altair at one of their first meetings. Homebrew epitomized the passion and antiestablishment camaraderie that characterized the hobbyist community in Silicon Valley. At their meetings, chaired by Felsenstein, attendees compared digital devices that they were constructing and discussed the…

airplane: Civil aircraft: …trainers to large bombers; “homebuilts,” aircraft built from scratch or from kits by the owner and ranging from simple adaptations of Piper Cubs to high-speed, streamlined four-passenger transports; antiques and classics, restored older aircraft flown, like the warbirds, for reasons of affection and nostalgia; and aerobatic planes, designed to…

airplane: Civil aircraft: …trainers to large bombers; “homebuilts,” aircraft built from scratch or from kits by the owner and ranging from simple adaptations of Piper Cubs to high-speed, streamlined four-passenger transports; antiques and classics, restored older aircraft flown, like the warbirds, for reasons of affection and nostalgia; and aerobatic planes, designed to…

Thomas Keneally: …Inner Sea (1992), Jacko (1993), Homebush Boy (1995), Bettany’s Book (2000), The Tyrant’s Novel (2003), The Widow and Her Hero (2007), The Daughters of Mars (2012), and Crimes of the Father (2017). The Dickens Boy (2020) is a fictionalized account of English novelist

vampire: History: …“monsters,” including vampires, in “Homecoming” (1946), a story about a “normal” boy with a family of fantastical creatures. The popular American television soap opera Dark Shadows (1966–71) featured a lovelorn vampire, Barnabas Collins. In 1975 Fred Saberhagen published The Dracula Tape, a retelling of Stoker’s story from the misunderstood…

Janelle Monáe: Acting career: …of the Amazon anthology series Homecoming.

Finland: …environment this way in “Homecoming”:

Sonia Sanchez: Her first poetry collection, Homecoming (1969), contains considerable invective against “white America” and “white violence”; thereafter she continued to write on what she called the “neoslavery” of Blacks, as socially and psychologically unfree beings. She also wrote about sexism, child abuse, and generational and class conflicts. A good deal…

Howard Nemerov: …dissolution of a Boston family; The Homecoming Game (1957), a witty tale of a college professor who flunks a small college’s football hero; and A Commodity of Dreams, and Other Stories (1960). Among his considerable body of critical writing are Journal of the Fictive Life (1965), Reflections on Poetry and…

The Homecoming, two-act drama by Harold Pinter, published and produced in 1965. The Homecoming focuses on the return to his London home of Teddy, a university professor, who brings his wife, Ruth, to meet his father, Max, his brothers, Lenny and Joey, and his Uncle Sam. Ruth’s presence exposes a

Sonia Sanchez: Later poetry collections included homegirls & handgrenades (1984), which won an American Book Award; Under a Soprano Sky (1986); Does Your House Have Lions? (1997); Shake Loose My Skin (1999); and Morning Haiku (2010). In 2018 Sanchez received the Academy of American Poets’ Wallace Stevens Award.

Oklahoma City bombing: The bombing remained the deadliest terrorist assault on U.S. soil until the attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon outside Washington, D.C., in 2001. (See September 11 attacks.)

Homyel, city and administrative centre, Homyel oblast (region), Belarus, on the Sozh River. It was first mentioned in 1142 as Gomy. It passed to Lithuania in the 14th century and later to Poland, and it was acquired by Russia in 1772. In the late 19th century Homyel developed as a major railway

Homyel, voblasts (province), southeastern Belarus. It occupies the level plain of the middle Dnieper River and its tributaries. There are considerable areas of reed and grass marsh and of peat bog. Most of the drier areas lie in dense forest of oak, pine, and hornbeam on soils that are commonly

Bantustan, any of 10 former territories that were designated by the white-dominated government of South Africa as pseudo-national homelands for the country’s Black African (classified by the government as Bantu) population during the mid- to late 20th century. The Bantustans were a major

F. Murray Abraham: …CIA operative in the series Homeland (2011–18), which starred Claire Danes. In 2022 Abraham appeared in the second season of the anthology series The White Lotus, portraying a flirtatious grandfather on vacation with his son and grandson.

Homeland Security Act, U.S. legislation signed into law by President George W. Bush on November 25, 2002, that established the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) as a new department in the executive branch of the government and established a number of measures aimed at protecting the national

National Terrorism Advisory System, two-tiered indicator system that communicates the likelihood of a forthcoming terrorist attack on the United States or its citizens and interests abroad. Two threat-advisory (or threat-alert) levels—“Elevated Threat Alert” and “Imminent Threat Alert”—alert U.S.

Joseph Lieberman: …majority—and became chairman of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. However, Lieberman continued to roil Democrats, endorsing Republican John McCain for president in 2008 and criticizing the Democratic nominee, Barack Obama. In November 2008, shortly after Obama won the presidential election, the Democratic caucus approved a resolution…

United States Department of Homeland Security, executive division of the U.S. federal government responsible for safeguarding the country against terrorist attacks and ensuring preparedness for natural disasters and other emergencies. In the wake of the September 11 attacks in 2001, Pres. George W.